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On September 24, 1929, made a flight without outside visual references. The consolidated NY-2 airplane he flew, had an artificial horizon, which gave him an indication of the pitch and roll attitude of the airplane relative to the earth¶s surface. He had also a sensitive altimeter that showed the airplane¶s altitude above the ground within a few feet, and a radio direction finder which allowed him to determine his position relative to the landing area. With this equipments, Doolittle proved that blind flight indeed was possible.

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r ëressure is the force differential between two points. r The force exerted by the air that constantly

surrounds us is known as atmospheric pressure, created by the weight of all the air that¶s sits on top of the earth¶s surface. r Because many factors cause atmospheric pressure to vary, scientist have found it necessary to establish an average or standard day ³pressure value´. r This common reference for temperature and pressure is called the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)

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rAbsolute ëressure rGauge ëressure rDifferential ëressure

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r Absolute ëressure is the measurement of

pressure relative to a total vacuum. r Atmospheric pressure is measured in absolute in that it is compared to zero, or a complete vacuum. r Absolute pressure is often used in comparison to other pressures. In order to make this comparison, a devise called an aneroid wafer was devised.

Ô r Acceloremeter is an instrument that measures forces

acting on the airframe. r The dynamic load acting on an aircraft in flight is

indicated on an accelerometer in G units (gravity units).

Auxiliary pointer (plus G indication)

Main pointer Auxiliary pointer (minus G indication) Reset knob

? r Synchroscope is an instrument that helps the pilot of

a twin-engine airplane synchronize the propellers. r Monitors the electrical output of each tachometer

generator to determine the rotational speed of each engine.

r Tachometer is a mechanical or electrical instrument

that displays engine r.p.m. r A pilot uses this instrument to determine how much

power an engine is producing at a given throttle setting, and to ensure is operating within its limits.



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