Alstom Scada Architechture 1t3q50
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Introduction to System Architecture DS Agile Customer Training
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE • Protocol :- A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and in telecommunications
™ Physical Layer :- The mode of communication ™ Architecture is the design of a communications network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as data formats used in its operation.
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.2) OSI LAYERS OSI Stack Model (Open Systems Interconnection)
X What is a system ?
7
APPLICATION
6
PRESENTATION
5
SESSION
X How exchanging information ?
4
TRANSPORT
Š Following OSI stack model Š Using data
3
NETWORK
2
LINK LAYER
1
PHYSICAL
Š A set of devices z
with specific functions
z
that exchange information
z
with defined rules
z
with specific format (protocols)
z
with specific physical
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.3) Physical connector -RS232 •
Basic specifications − − −
Allows for full duplex communications between 2 Connection type: DB9 Max distance of transmission: 15m
−
Data rate : 20Kbits/s
− −
Transmitter voltage: 5V to 15V
devices
max Mode of operation: DC coupling (risk of ground noise)
2 : Tx 3 : Rx 5 : Gnd ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.4) Physical connector -IEEE 802.3 RJ45 • Basic specifications − Connection type: shielded twisted pair − Max distance of transmission: 200m − Data rate : 100Mbits/s max
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.5) Physical connector -Fiber optics Basic specifications •
Characteristics − − − −
•
Technique − − −
•
Light wave spreading from the reflection produced on the surface of the working medium Centre from 5 to 150 microns Connectors with extremely good mechanical accuracy
Maintenance −
•
Fast information flow Large band Noise immunity Good mechanical results
Easy to locate fibre cuts
Properties
− Multimode : 2000m • Data rate : 100Mbits/s max − Monomode : • Max distance of transmission: 15000m Data rate : 100Mbits/s max Introduction to System• Architecture •
Max distance of transmission:
ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.1) Communication overview X Pear-to-pear connection
Š Half Duplex communication (unidirectional) C264
C264
Collision
Š Full Duplex communication (bi-directional) C264
C264
Full duplex communication prevents data collision Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.2) Communication overview
X Ethernet network principle
Š Direct communication between 3 system devices C264
C264
C264 Collision
Switch utilisation prevents data collision (an Ethernet switch is able to route information to the correct destination)
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.3) Communication overview X Ethernet network principle
Š Ethernet switch utilisation C264
C264
C264
1
4 2 Data frame
3
Ethernet switch Introduction to System Architecture
Buffer
ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
3.1) Bus architecture SCADA/EMS
SCADA OI GATEWAYS
Substation Level Ethernet switch
Ethernet switch
MiCOM M
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
3.2) Star architecture SCADA/EMS
OI
GATEWAY
Substation level
Ethenet switch
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Bay level
3.3) Redundant ring architecture SCADA/EMS
SCADA OI GATEWAYS
Substation Level Ethernet switch
Ethernet switch
C264
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
4.1) Communication overview X Master/Slave principle
The Master is requesting the data from its slave(s), and can also send orders (control) to the slave.
The slave replies to the Master only upon request, the Master can address him with specific address or by broadcasting. Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
4.2) Communication overview X Master/Slave principle Slave Read @
Š Memory reading z
Low efficiency (read all time events even if nothing has changed)
z
One master as data receiver
Master
return @Value
Slave
Master
Š Event driven reading z
DNP3, T101, T103, Modbus
z
Medium efficiency (Only changes are red)
z
One master as data receiver
Do you have any changes ?
Yes (5% of the time) Send data!
One slave at a time Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Data change coming
4.3) Communication overview X Client/Server principle SERVER
Several client at a time These are all my data
I subscribe to these data I report the change of state of this data you subscribed
OPTIMIZED TRAFFIC Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
CLIENT
AI/MV DI DO/AO
ELECTRIC/SYSTEM
datapoints
Remote HMI
Local HMI
X 6-20 KV Circuit breaker
X
6-20 KV X
Relays
X
Secondary network
X
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Relays
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE • Protocol :- A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and in telecommunications
™ Physical Layer :- The mode of communication ™ Architecture is the design of a communications network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as data formats used in its operation.
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.2) OSI LAYERS OSI Stack Model (Open Systems Interconnection)
X What is a system ?
7
APPLICATION
6
PRESENTATION
5
SESSION
X How exchanging information ?
4
TRANSPORT
Š Following OSI stack model Š Using data
3
NETWORK
2
LINK LAYER
1
PHYSICAL
Š A set of devices z
with specific functions
z
that exchange information
z
with defined rules
z
with specific format (protocols)
z
with specific physical
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.3) Physical connector -RS232 •
Basic specifications − − −
Allows for full duplex communications between 2 Connection type: DB9 Max distance of transmission: 15m
−
Data rate : 20Kbits/s
− −
Transmitter voltage: 5V to 15V
devices
max Mode of operation: DC coupling (risk of ground noise)
2 : Tx 3 : Rx 5 : Gnd ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.4) Physical connector -IEEE 802.3 RJ45 • Basic specifications − Connection type: shielded twisted pair − Max distance of transmission: 200m − Data rate : 100Mbits/s max
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
1.5) Physical connector -Fiber optics Basic specifications •
Characteristics − − − −
•
Technique − − −
•
Light wave spreading from the reflection produced on the surface of the working medium Centre from 5 to 150 microns Connectors with extremely good mechanical accuracy
Maintenance −
•
Fast information flow Large band Noise immunity Good mechanical results
Easy to locate fibre cuts
Properties
− Multimode : 2000m • Data rate : 100Mbits/s max − Monomode : • Max distance of transmission: 15000m Data rate : 100Mbits/s max Introduction to System• Architecture •
Max distance of transmission:
ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.1) Communication overview X Pear-to-pear connection
Š Half Duplex communication (unidirectional) C264
C264
Collision
Š Full Duplex communication (bi-directional) C264
C264
Full duplex communication prevents data collision Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.2) Communication overview
X Ethernet network principle
Š Direct communication between 3 system devices C264
C264
C264 Collision
Switch utilisation prevents data collision (an Ethernet switch is able to route information to the correct destination)
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
2.3) Communication overview X Ethernet network principle
Š Ethernet switch utilisation C264
C264
C264
1
4 2 Data frame
3
Ethernet switch Introduction to System Architecture
Buffer
ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
3.1) Bus architecture SCADA/EMS
SCADA OI GATEWAYS
Substation Level Ethernet switch
Ethernet switch
MiCOM M
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
3.2) Star architecture SCADA/EMS
OI
GATEWAY
Substation level
Ethenet switch
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Bay level
3.3) Redundant ring architecture SCADA/EMS
SCADA OI GATEWAYS
Substation Level Ethernet switch
Ethernet switch
C264
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Summary
1) BAY LEVEL- COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
Page 3
2) Communication Overview
Page 9
3) Architecture of LAN
Page 13
4) Process Level
Page 17
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
4.1) Communication overview X Master/Slave principle
The Master is requesting the data from its slave(s), and can also send orders (control) to the slave.
The slave replies to the Master only upon request, the Master can address him with specific address or by broadcasting. Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
4.2) Communication overview X Master/Slave principle Slave Read @
Š Memory reading z
Low efficiency (read all time events even if nothing has changed)
z
One master as data receiver
Master
return @Value
Slave
Master
Š Event driven reading z
DNP3, T101, T103, Modbus
z
Medium efficiency (Only changes are red)
z
One master as data receiver
Do you have any changes ?
Yes (5% of the time) Send data!
One slave at a time Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Data change coming
4.3) Communication overview X Client/Server principle SERVER
Several client at a time These are all my data
I subscribe to these data I report the change of state of this data you subscribed
OPTIMIZED TRAFFIC Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
CLIENT
AI/MV DI DO/AO
ELECTRIC/SYSTEM
datapoints
Remote HMI
Local HMI
X 6-20 KV Circuit breaker
X
6-20 KV X
Relays
X
Secondary network
X
Introduction to System Architecture ALSTOM © 2007. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
Relays
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