Art Deco Period In History 3ba3q

P R E S E N T A T I O N

O N

A R T D E C O STYLE SONAL SHARMA AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,JAIPUR BATCH 11

CONTENTS S.no

TOPIC

Page No.

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Meaning of Art Deco & Period

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2.

Place of Origin

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3.

Character tics

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4.

Influence

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5.

8-31

6.

Famous Buildings of Art Deco a) EMPIRE STATE BUILDING b) CHRYSLER BUILDING c)ROCKEFELLER CENTRE d) FRIEDRICHSTRASSE SKYSCRAPER e) VILLA CAVROIS f) CINCINNATI MUESUEM CENTRE Art Deco in Theatres

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Art Deco in Automobiles & Furniture

38-40

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Decline & resurgence

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9.

Bibliography

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32-37

ART DECO-MEANING Movement that engulfed its own unique artistry as it raced through interwar culture at exhilarating speed. It was coined in 1966. Term derives from 1st syllables of French for decorative arts(“ARTS DECORATIFS”). Unique for its short life span as an exotic influence on Art Deco is Egyptian styling which emerged with discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922 but all disappeared by late 1920’s.

PERIOD Began in 1920’s,flourished internationally throughout the 1930’s,into World War II era.

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PLACEBegan in PARIS

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CHARACTERTICSRepresents elegance, glamour, functionality and modernity. Art Deco’s linear symmetry was a distinct departure from the following asymmetrical organic curves of its predecessor style Art Nouveau. It was purely decorative ornamental. Structure of Art Deco style is based on mathematical geometric shapes.

Art Deco used machine age & streamline technology such as electric lighting and skyscraper. . ART DECO 3

Themes of Art Deco were trapezoidal, zigzagged, jumbled shapes eg :FISHER BUILDING,GURDIAN BUILDING in Detroit, United States.

GURDIAN BUILDING FISHER BUILDING

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Art Deco is characterized by use of materials such as Aluminium, Stainless Steel, Bakelite, Chrome ,and inlaid Wood. Exotic material such as Sharkskin and Zebra skin were also evident. Use of stepped forms and geometric curves, chevron pattern, ziggural shapes ,sunburst motif .

SUN BURST MOTIF CHEVRON PATTERN

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Some of these motifs were ubiquitous for eg :sun burst motif were used in such varied context as women shoes, radiator grilles and clock faces.eg: AUDITORIUM OF RADIO CITY MUSIC HALL

SUN BURST MOTIF

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INFLUENCEIt embraced influence from many different styles of early 20th century, including NEOCLASSICAL,CONSTRUCTIVISM,CUBIS M,MODERSINE,FUTURISM It drew inspiration from ancient Egyptian &Aztec farms. Art Deco is said to have represented the cultural policies of its time with eolecticism have been one of its defining features.

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FAMOUS BUILDINGS OF THIS PERIOD-

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A) EMPIRE STATE BUILDING B) CHRYSLER BUILDING C) ROCKEFELLER CENTRE D) FRIEDRICHSTRASSE SKYSCRAPER E) VILLA CAVROIS F) CINCINNATI MUESUEM CENTRE

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Empire state building, NY (U.S) Type- office building Architect- william f.lamba Contractors: starret brothers

Design/construction: • It was designed from the top down. • Excavation of site began on 21st jan,1930. • Construction on building started on 17th march.(st.patrick’s day) • Project involved 3,400 workers. • Completion time-1year 45days. • Total cost-$40,948,900 ART DECO

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Architecture: Height at 102nd floor-381m including 62m high pinnacle. Full height-443.09m Has 85 stories of commercial and office space representing 200,500sq.m. Indoor and outdoor observation deck on 86th floor. Remaining 16stories represent art deco tower, capped by 102nd floor observatory.

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DETAILS OF PINNACLE

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 A top tower is 62m pinnacle which is covered by broadcast antennas,with lighting rod at very top. 1st building to have more than 100 floors.  Has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators.  Steps from street level to 102nd floor-1860.

 Total floor are of 257,211sqm  Base of building is 8,094sqm  Building houses 1,000 businesses.  It is 2nd largest single office complex in America after the Pentagon.  Its original 64 elevators are located in central core. .

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 Building has 113km of pipe,760,000m of electrical wire:29000faucets.  Building is heated by low pressure steam, despite its height.  Building approximately weighs 340,000tons.

 Exterior of building was built using indiana limestone s.  The modernistic stainless steel canopies of the entrances on 33rd and 34th streets lead to two storey high corridors around the elevator care, crossed by stainless steel and glass enclosed bridges at the second floor level.  Lobby is three stories high and features an aluminium relief of the skyscraper. ART DECO

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 North corridor contains eight illuminated s, depicting the building as eighth wonder of the world, alongside traditional seven.

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PLAN

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SECTION

ISOMETRIC VIEW ART DECO

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CHRYSLER BUILDING ,Manhattan (New York) Type: Office building(car manufacturer) Construction started: 1928 Construction completed:1930 Architect-William van alen

Total height till antenna-319.9m Roof-282.0m Top floor-274.0m

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 Was the world’s tallest building for 11months before it was sured by empire state building.  It was built at an average rate of 4 floors per wt.  Its original design resembled a jewel like glass crow.  It featured a base in which the showroom windows were tripled in height and topped by 12 stories with glass-wrapped corners, creating an impression that tower floating in mid-air.  Earlier building was designed to be 246m but it proved to be too advanced and costly.  In total 400,000 rivets were used.

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 Approx. 3,826,000 bricks were manually laid .  Building had non-load bearing walls.  38m long pier was secretly constructed inside the frame of the building.  It was delivered to site in four different sections.  Bottom section of spire was hoisted onto top of building’s dome and lowered into 66th floor of the building.  Added height of spire allowed Chrysler building to be the tallest building in the world after Eiffel tower.  1st man made structure to stand taller than 305m. World’s tallest steel-ed brick building.  Distinctive ornamentation of building is based on features that were then being used on Chrysler automobiles. ART DECO

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 Corners of 61st floor are graced with eagles ,replicas of 1929 Chrysler hood ornaments.  On 31st floor, corner ornamentation are replicas of 1929 Chrysler radiator caps.  Building is constructed of masonry, with steel frame and metal cladding.  Building contains 3,862 windows on its façade and 4 banks of 8 elevators designed by Otis.  It was declared a national historic landmark in 1976.

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Crown ornamentation and usage • It has terraced crown,composed of seven radiating terraced arches. • Stainless-steel cladding is ribbed and riveted in a radiating sunburst pattern with many triangular vaulted windows. • Entire crown is clad with silvery “enduro KA-2”metal. • 71st floor is the height occupied floor of this building occupied by office space management form. • Above 71st floor,stories of building are designed mostly for exterior appearance,functioning mainly as landings for stairway to spire. • Top stories are very narrow with low sloped ceiling,useful for only holding radio-broadcasting and other electrical eqipments. • Earlier these stories were used for commercial broadcast stations. • V-shaped lighting is inserted in steel of building. • Later floodlights were added on most arms directed back at buiding,which allows top of building to be lit in many different colours for special occassions. ART DECO

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PLAN

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Rockefeller Centre/ Plaza, New York, U.S Architect: Raymond Hood Construction started: 1930 Construction completed: 1933

It is a complex of 19 commercial buildings ,covering 22 acres between 48th and 51stst street. Built by Rockefeller family. Was declared a National Historic landmark in 1981. It was the largest private building project ever undertaken in modern times. This center is a combination of 2 building complexes older and original 14 Art Deco office building from 1930’s. ART DECO

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FRIEDRICHSTRASSE SKYSCRAPER ,BERLIN, () Architect –Mies Construction started -1921

•Was on triangular site. •It had wire s shaped cantilever . •This took the structure with a glass skin ,thus renouncing the maniposteria song built in , as was customary in America skyscrapers .

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•The angularity of floor of a building was at least partly a result of the original form of the site .

•It seems as if the building is divided into slot game because of its many reflection in bright vertical surface. •This opacity transparency gave desired balance. •At bottom of the original design , there are small drawings of flowers.

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VILLA CAVROIS, CROIX () Type – Mansion Construction started -1929 Construction finished -1932 Architect – Robert Mallet Stevens

•It was designed to offer best life style to the family daily work of house hold staff.

•Its style was a total break from that of other neighboring houses of same era . ART DECO

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•Around the entry hall which welcomes the visitors domain of parents is developing in east wing and that of kids ,in west wing. •A Choice of material and furniture inside echoes the hierarchy of spaces . •Simplicity and functionality of furniture prevail in all parts . •Marble and wood are used . •Each room has a radio loud speaker and electric clock and bathrobe . •The house dining hall and children dining hall linked to pare by an external staircase. ART DECO

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PLAN ART DECO

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CINCINNATI MUESUEM CENTRE/ UNION TERMINAL, OHIO (U.S) Type –Railway Terminal Constructed started -1931 Architect –Paul Philippe Cret •Rotunda features largest semi –dome in western hemisphere measuring 180ft wide 106ft high. •Mortar and stone was used . •Construction finished ahead of schedule ART DECO

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ART DECO IN THEATRES

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EROS CINEMA ,MUMBAI Architect: Shorabji Bhedwar Construction started:1935 Opened in:1938 Marked the beginning of Back Bay reclamation in early 1938. Took two and a half years to complete. Partially faced with red Agra sandstone, this building is painted cream. Two wings of this building meet up in central block. Foyer is in black and white marble with touches of gold. Marble staircases with cromium handrails lead up to the upper floor. Murals are in muted colors depicting Indian architecture.

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RAJMANDIR,JAIPUR Architect :W .M. Namjoshi Opened in:1976

Meringue shaped auditorium. Capacity of 1200.

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ART DECO IN AUTOMOBILES & FURNITURE-

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AUTOMOBILES•Streamline moderne style developed which was influenced by modern aerodynamic designs. •Aerodynamic principles were adopted for Art Deco applying streamline techniques to cars .

•Streamlining influenced American &European automobile design and changed appearance from rectangular:”horseless carriages” into sleek vehicles with sweeping lines ,symmetry-shapes which added to speed and efficiency. •Vehicles had Art Deco :speed-lines” for chrome grilles. •These streamlined forms began to be used for design of mundane and static objects such as pencil sharpeners ,refrigerators, gas pumps, furniture, lamps, jewellery ,watches, etc.

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FURNITURES-

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DECLINE & RESURGENCEoArt Deco slowly lost patronage in the West after becoming mass-produced, when it began to be derided as gaudy& presenting a false image of luxury.

o This designs style ended by austerities of World War II. o Before destruction during World War II ,Manila possessed many Art Deco buildings, a legacy of American colonial past. o A resurgence of interest in Art Deco began during 1960’s and then again during 1980’s with increasing interest in graphic design. ART DECO.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

A World Of History Architecture

-Marian Moffett www.google.com

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THANK YOU

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