Avionics Systems 1n2463

2009-10 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

IV Year B. Tech. AE– I Semester

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AVIONICS AND INSTRUMENTS UNIT– I

AVIONICS TECHNOLOGY

Evolution of electronics. The nature of micro electronic devices- processors, memory devices. Introduction to avionics- systems integration– need- data bus systems – MIL STD 1553 bus system, ARINC 429 / ARINC 629 bus systems, optical data bus systems. Integrated modular avionics architectures – commercial off the shelf systems. Avionics packaging. UNIT – II

AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION - SENSORS AND DISPLAYS

Air data sensors, magnetic sensing, inertial sensing, radar sensors. The electromechanical instrumented flight deck, early flight deck instruments, attitude direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, altimeter, airspeed indicator. Advanced flight deck display system architectures, display systems, display media, future flight deck displays. UNIT– III

COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION AIDS

Radio frequency spectrum, communication systems, HF, VHF, satellite communications. ATC transponder, traffic collision avoidance system. Navigational aids. Automatic Direction Finding, VHF Omni Range, Distance Measuring Equipment. TACAN, VORTAC. Satellite navigation systems – the GPS. Instrument landing system, transponder landing system, microwave landing system. Hyperbolic navigation systems. UNIT– IV

NAVIGATION

Basic navigation, radio, inertial navigations, satellite navigation- GPS, differential GPS, wide area augmentation systems, local area augmentation system, GPS overlay programme. Integrated navigation, sensor usage. Flight management system( FMS). FMS control and display unit. Lateral navigation, area navigation, terminal navigation, vertical navigation, four dimensional navigation, full performance based navigation. FMS procedures. Standard terminal arrival routes. ILS approach. UNIT – V

FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Interrelationships of flight control functions. Flight control frames of reference. Flight control actuation. Flight control and monitoring requirements. Fly-by-wire (FBW) systems. Airbus implementation. Boeing implementation. Example: Boeing 777 flight control system. Autopilot flight director systems. Autopilot modes. Integrated autopilot systems. Autoland system. Airbus -380 FBW. Flight data recorders. UNIT– VI

FUTURE AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

Terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS). Ground proximity warning system (GPW) and extended GPW (EGPW). The aims of air traffic management. Future improvements in air traffic management. Improvements in communications – air-ground data link, air-ground SATCOM communications. Improvements in navigation performance. Actual navigation performance, required navigation performance. RNAV standards, path definition error.

UNIT- VII

MILITARY AIRCRAFT ADAPTATION

Avionic and mission system interface- navigation and flight management. Navigation aids, flight deck displays, communications, aircraft systems. Applications – personnel, material and vehicle transport, air-to-air refuelling, maritime patrol, airborne early warning, ground surveillance. Electronic warfare – the EW Spectrum, electronic measures, electronic countermeasures, electro-optics and the infra-red. UNIT- VIII

AIRBORNE RADAR, ASTRIONICS - AVIONICS FOR SPACECRAFT

Propagation of Radar waves- functional elements of radar- antenna- transmitter. Types of Radar- Pulse Doppler- civil aviation applications, military applications. Attitude determination & control of spacecraft- magnetometers, sun sensors, star trackers, earth and horizon sensors. Command and telemetry systems. TEXT BOOKS

1. Moir, I. and Seabridge, A., Civil Avionics Systems, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, 2002, ISBN 1-56347589-8. 2. Collinson, R.P.G., Introduction to Avionics Systems, second edition, Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-81-8489-7951

3. Moir, I., Seabridge, A. & Jukes, M., Military Avionics Systems (Aerospace), Wiley, 2006, ISBN-10: 0470016329, ISBN-13: 9780470016329

4. Middleton, D.H. (Ed), Avionics Systems, Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, ISBN 0-582-01881-1. REFERENCES

1. Kayton, M., & Fried, W.R., Avionics Navigation Systems, Wiley, 1997, ISBN 0-471-54795-6. 2. Helfrick, A., Principles of Avionics, Avionics Communications Inc. Leesburg, 2000, VA 20177, USA, ISBN 1885544-10-3.

2. Moir, I. and Seabridge, A., Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics Subsystems Integration, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, 2001, ISBN 1-56347506-5.

3. Harris, D., Ground Studies for Pilots: Flight Instruments and Automatic Flight Control Systems, sixth edition, Blackwell Science, 2004, ISBN 0-632-05951-6.

4. Henderson, M. F., Aircraft Instruments & Avionics for A &P Technicians, Jeppesen Sanderson Training Products, 1993, ISBN 0-89100-422-X.

5. Avionics Systems – Operation & Maintenance, 1994, Wasson, J. W., Jeppesen Sanderson Training Products, ISBN 0-89100-436-X.

6. Pallett, E.H.J., Aircraft Instruments & Integrated Systems, 1996, Longman Scientific & Technical.

2009-10 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD IV Year B. Tech. AE – II Semester

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AVIONICS AND INSTRUMENTS UNIT– I

INTRODUCTION

Avionics systems- importance, role, special requirements. Core avionics systems – displays, communication, flight control, aircraft state sensor systems, navigation, outside world sensor, task automation systems- interface with pilot. The electromechanical instrumented flight deck, early flight deck instruments, attitude direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, altimeter, airspeed indicator. Advanced flight deck display system architectures, display systems, display media, future flight deck displays. UNIT – II

AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION - SENSORS AND DISPLAYS

Air data information- pressure, altitude, vertical speed, calibrated airspeed, Mach no. and true airspeed- importance to pilot and to key aircraft subsystems. Air data measurements- total pressure, static pressure, total temperature. Air data laws and relationships. Air data sensors. Basic air data systems - architecture–displays. Gyros and accelerometers– function, types, principle, construction, applications. Angular momentum gyros – free gyros, rate gyros, integrating gyros- The stable platform concept- significance. The dynamically tuned gyro – stable platform operation, rate gyro operation. Micro machined vibrating mass rate gyros, optical gyroscopes– ring laser gyros, interferometric fibre-optic gyros. Specific force measurements- accelerometers – spring restrained pendulous accelerometers, torque balance pendulous accelerometers. Magnetic and radar sensors- examples, application. UNIT– III

NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

Principles of navigation – types of navigation systems. Basic navigation definitions – Radio navigation systems- VHF omnirange systems, distance measuring equipment, automatic direction finders, instrument landing systemsprinciple, operation, applications. Principles of Inertial Navigation Systems- stable platform systems, strap down systems – errors, compensations, initial alignment and gyro coming. Global Positioning Systems (GPS)– description and basic principlesdifferential GPS. Aided inertial systems- principles- integration of GPS and INS. Introduction to terrain reference navigation systems. UNIT– IV

COMMUNICATION AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

Introduction to voice and data communication systems - HF, VHF, UHF and satellite communications - data recorders – audio management systems– in-flight entertainment systems– ACARS data communication systems. Traffic alert and collision avoidance systems (TCAS) – Enhanced ground proximity warning systems – Air traffic control systems – Mode S transponders – Predictive wind shear warning systems – Weather radar systems – Radio altimeters UNIT– V

AUTOPILOTS AND FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Introduction to autopilots and FMS – basic principles of autopilots – height control – heading control – ILS coupled autopilot control – introduction to automatic landing systems – satellite landing guidance systems – speed control and

auto throttle control systems. Flight management systems – flight planning – navigation and guidance. Flight path optimization and performance prediction – cost index - control of the vertical flight path profile. UNIT- VI

MILITARY AIRCRAFT ADAPTATION

Avionic and mission system interface - navigation and flight management, navigation aids, flight deck displays, communications, aircraft systems- applications– personnel, material and vehicle transport - air-to-air refueling, maritime patrol- airborne early warning- ground surveillance. Electronic warfare– the EW Spectrum- electronic measures- electronic counter-measures - electro-optics and the infra-red. UNIT- VII

AIRBORNE RADAR, ASTRIONICS - AVIONICS FOR SPACECRAFT

Propagation of Radar waves- functional elements of radar- antenna- transmitter. Types of Radar- Pulse Doppler- civil aviation applications, military applications. Attitude determination & control of spacecraft- magnetometers, sun sensors, star trackers, earth and horizon sensors. Command and telemetry systems. UNIT VIII

AVIONICS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

Systems integration- definition. History of dvelopment of avionics and system integration- the systems approach, standardisation of specifications, interchangeability of equipment, federated architecture. Need for speedy, accurate exchanging complex data among subsystems- the data bus systems – MIL STD 1553 bus system, ARINC 429 / ARINC 629 bus systems, optical data bus systems- principal features. Integrated modular avionics architectures – commercial off the shelf systems. Avionics packaging. TEXT BOOKS

1. Collinson, R.P.G., Introduction to Avionics Systems, second edition, Springer, 2003, ISBN 978-81-8489-7951

2. Moir, I. and Seabridge, A., Civil Avionics Systems, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, 2002, ISBN 1-56347589-8. 3. Moir, I., Seabridge, A. & Jukes, M., Military Avionics Systems (Aerospace), Wiley, 2006, ISBN 9780470016329.

REFERENCES

1. Tooly, M. and Wyatt, D., Aircraft Communication and Navigation Systems, ELSEVIER, 2007, ISBN 978-07506-81377

2. Kayton, M., & Fried, W.R., Avionics Navigation Systems, Wiley, 1997, ISBN 0-471-54795-6. 3. Helfrick, A., Principles of Avionics, Avionics Communications Inc. Leesburg, 2000, VA 20177, USA, ISBN 1885544-10-3.

4. Moir, I. and Seabridge, A., Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics Subsystems Integration, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, 2001, ISBN 1-56347506-5.

5. Harris, D., Ground Studies for Pilots: Flight Instruments and Automatic Flight Control Systems, sixth edition, Blackwell Science, 2004, ISBN 0-632-05951-6.

6. Pallett, E.H.J., Aircraft Instruments & Integrated Systems, 1996, Longman Scientific & Technical.