Baby Thesis 3g5m1n

1

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a human development program of the national government that invests in the health and education of poor households, particularly of children aged 0-14 years old or Pantawid Pamilya is a government program that gives financial assistance or cash grants to the poorest of the poor families to help them sustain their needs on health, nutrition and education of children 0-14 years old. The program has the following specific objectives: to improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children; to increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school; to reduce the incidence of child labor; to raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households, and to encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through their nutrition, education, and participation in community activities.2 Aimed at providing social assistance and facilitating social development, it claims to fulfill the country‟s commitment to meet the five (5) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, achievement of universal primary education, promotion of gender equality, reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health.3 The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has created systems to track the implementation of the program, namely: beneficiary update systems, compliance verification systems, and grievance redress systems.4 The poorest households in the municipalities are selected through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) implemented by the DSWD using the Proxy Means Test. This test determines the socio-economic category of the families by looking at certain proxy variables such as ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the household head, livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation facilities. The beneficiaries were chosen because their family has small monthly income that is not enough for the family; children aged 0-14 or a pregnant family member; and agreed to comply with the conditions of the program.5

2

To avail of the cash grants beneficiaries should comply with the following conditions: pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care and be attended during childbirth by a trained health professional; parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars; 0-5 year old children must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines; 3-5 year old children must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time and 6-14 year old children must enroll in elementary or high school and must attend at least 85% of the time.6 A household beneficiary receives P6, 000 every year or P500 every month as health and nutrition expenses and an additional P3, 000 for 10 months or P300 per month for education expenses of one child. In all, a household with three qualified children receives as much as P1, 400 a month. The cash grant is given every two months or six times a year. The program limits a household to a maximum of three children. The cash grants are continuous for five years as long as the household complies with the requirements. The cash grants shall be received by the most responsible person in the household, usually the mother, through a Land Bank cash card. In cases where payment through cash card is not feasible, the beneficiaries shall be provided their cash grants through an alternative payment scheme such as over-the-counter transactions from the nearest Land bank branch or offsite payments through Land bank. Cash grants are also released through other rural banks, Globe Remit, Phil post, First Consolidated Bank and other Cooperative Financial Institutions (CFI) especially in far-flung areas. However, the beneficiaries can graduate from the program earlier if: a) there is no more 0-14 years old child in the family, b) the family has been suspended because of non compliance, or c) the beneficiaries moved to a new address that is not a Pantawid Pamilya area.7 The 4Ps is implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is responsible in social welfare and development programs and services, along with cooperative partner agencies such as Department of Education is able in education programs and services , Department of Health is in charge in health programs and services, Department of Interior and

3

Local Government is responsible also in peace and order, security of the people, and enhances capability of local government units, National Anti – Poverty Commission, National Commission and Indigenous People, National Economic and Development Authority and Philippine Commission on women.8 The 4Ps areas in the Cordillera istrative Region are Abra, Apayao, Kalinga, Mt.Province, Ifugao, Baguio City and Benguet.9 Thus, the researcher find the necessity to evaluate the effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet; to find out the perception of the parent- beneficiaries on the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities; the extent of utilization of cash grants; and the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions, the study can be utilize to effect further enhancement of the program to improve the lives of its beneficiaries and can also help the beneficiaries broaden their perspective in life.

4

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program was patterned after the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin American countries which have been proven successful as poverty reduction and social development measure.10 The conditional cash transfer program is a government program that aims to alleviate poverty. In the Philippines, the CCT is known locally as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The program was formally launched by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in November 2008, several months after the government started to implement it in January 2008.11 In effort to combat poverty in the Philippines, Arroyo launched the project in 2008. It was originally known as the National Sector for Social Welfare Development Program (NSS-SWDP), a project conceptualized in 2006.12 The 4Ps became the flagship project of the Arroyo istration in poverty reduction and social development by providing cash grants to the poorest of

the

poor

families.

The Department

of

Social

Welfare

and

13

Development (DSWD) was assigned to implement the program.

In 2010, President Benigno Aquino III opted to continue the program despite the criticisms raised by some of the Philippine Congress. Currently, around three million households are enrolled in the program. The government hopes to aid nearly five million families living below the poverty line by 2014.14 The Aquino istration plans to increase the budget for the program from P34 billion this year to around P45 billion in 2013. In 2011, the program has a P21.9 billion budget, almost double than the P12 billion allotted in 2010.15 As a daughter of a beneficiary, the researcher was motivated to conduct a study on the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, and to be analyzed. The framework consists of three (3) interrelated variables: independent variable, dependent variables and variables. Figure 1 shows the relationship of these variables.

5

It also assumed that the perceptions of the respondents are influenced by the gender such as male parent and female parent. DEPENDENT VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

-

Extent of effectiveness of 4Ps objectives.

-

Parent- Beneficiaries Towards Pantawid

Extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities.

-

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba,

Extent of utilization of cash grants.

-

Kapangan, Benguet, Year 2012-2013.

Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions

VARIABLE Gender: Male Parent Female parent

Figure1. Paradigm of the study

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The main focus of this study is to look into the perceptions of parentbeneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

6

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) objectives as perceived by the parents? 1.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of male parent and female parent? 2. What is the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the respondents? 2.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variables? 3. What is the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents? 3.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the variables? 4. What is the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions? 4.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of

the respondents

regarding the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions along the variables?

HYPOTHESIS The researcher will be guided by the following null hypothesis: 1. The objectives stated by the program are moderately effective as perceived by the parents. 1.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of male parent and female parent. 2. The perceptions of the parents manifested moderately extent of the attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities.

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2.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variables. 3. The extent of utilization of cash grants is very often as perceived by the respondents. 3.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the variables. 4. The level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions is not serious as perceived by the parents. 4.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents regarding the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions along the variables.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study deals with the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet,year 2012-2013. The extent of effectiveness of the 4Ps objectives, the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities, the extent of utilization of cash grants and the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions were the main topics of this study. The study is limited to the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program parentbeneficiaries of Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet. The respondents were 79 parents in the aforementioned place. They are delimited to answer the questions stated in the statement of the problem. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research study is to make a survey of the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

8

The outcome of the study gives the parents with clarifications and information for the development of the program. It can also serve as a guide to improve the implementation of the program The result of the study is beneficial to the researcher. As a daughter of a beneficiary, she can learn from the result and can remind her parents to improve or maintain the appropriate use of the program. Finally, though this study may not be comprehensive, it can be used by future researchers to investigate or conduct related problems for improvement or search for a solution.

DEFINITION OF Benefit. It is something that has a good effect or promotes well-being.16 Beneficiary. It refers to someone who is eligible to receive distributions from a trust, will or life insurance policy.17 Beneficiary Update System. Is to gather, validate, report and record the changes that have occurred on the status or condition of any member of the beneficiary household while under the program.18 Child labor. It is the employment of children of less than a legally specified age.19 Combat. Is to fight or contend against; oppose vigorously.20 Compliance Verification System. This is a system that monitors how faithfully the beneficiaries comply with the conditions set by the 4Ps program.21 Concede. It means acknowledge as true, just, or proper.22 Decency. It is a behavior or an attitude that conforms to the commonly accepted standards of what is right and respectable.23 Elite. It refers to a small group of people within a larger group who have more power, social standing, wealth, or talent than the rest of the group.24 Encumber. It means to hamper or impede somebody or something.25 Exhaustion. It is the process of u the entire stock or contents of something.26

9

Expenditure. It is the consuming or u of something.27 Fish. Is to try to obtain something.28 Grant. It is a sum of money given by the government or some other organization to fund such things as education or research.29 Grievance. It is any condition, circumstance or expression of dissatisfaction seriously affecting an individual or group related to the project.30 Grievance Redress System. It is a mechanism, or set of procedures and processes, to be used as a means to address and resolve issues and complaints related to project implementation.31 Handicap. It is something that hinders or is a disadvantage to somebody or something.32 Hesitate. It means to be slow in doing something, or pause while doing or saying something, often because of uncertainty or reluctance.33 Perception. It is an attitude or understanding based on what is observed or thought.34 Program. It is a plan of action for achieving something.35 Proxy. It is the agency, function, or power of a person authorized to act as the deputy or substitute for another.36 Redress. It is a resolution of issues affecting the individual or group related to the project.37 Social assistance. Is to provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate need (short term poverty alleviation.38 Social development. Is to break the intergenerational poverty cycle through investments in human capital.39 Spare. It means to give up or be able to contribute something from one's resources, especially without inconvenience.40 Subsidy. It refers to a grant or gift of money from a government to a private company, organization, or charity to help it to function.41

10

Update. It is the act of bringing in new or fresh information, statistics, facts and figures in exchange to the old existing ones.42 Utilize. It is the use of something, or find a practical use for something and so specific than use.43 Vulnerable. It means without adequate protection: open to physical or emotional harm.44

11

END NOTES: 1

http//www.car.dswd.gov.ph

2

www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

3

Ibid.

4

Ibid.

5

Ibid.

6

Ibid.

7

http//www.car.dswd.gov.ph

8

www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

9

Ibid.

10

www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

11

http.//pantawid.dswd.gov./index.ph

12

Ibid.

13

Ibid.

14

Ibid.

15

Ibid.

16

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008

17

http://www.investopedia.com//b/beneficiary.asp

18

http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/4ps-systems/update-system

19

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008

20

http://dictionary.reference.com/

12 21

Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

22

http://dictionary.reference.com/loc.cit.

23

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008

24

Ibid.

25

Ibid.

26

Ibid.

27

Ibid.

28

Ibid.

29

Ibid.

30

Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

31

Ibid.

32

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008

33

Ibid.

34

Ibid.

35

Ibid.

36

Ibid.

37

Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

38

http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/

39

Ibid.

40

41

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008 Ibid.

13 42

Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

43

Microsoft® Encarta® 2008 loc.cit.

44

Ibid.

14

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is one of the responses of the Philippine Government to the challenge of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It works to attain the five (5) Millenium Development Goals such as eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality and improving maternal health.1 Program Cycle2 The implementation of Pantawid Pamilya Program follows the 8-step cycle starting from the 1) selection of target areas, 2) supply side assessment, 3) selection of household beneficiaries, 4) registration and validation of beneficiaries, 5) family Registry preparation, 6) initial payment, 7) verification of compliance and 8) and succeeding release of cash grants. Program Coverage3 Pantawid Pamilya operates in 79 provinces covering 1,261 municipalities and 138 key

cities

in

all 17 regions

nationwide. The

program

ed 3,014,586 households as of 27 June 2012. Advantages of the 4Ps4 The “conditional cash transfer ( CCT) programs address future poverty, by fostering human capital accumulation among the young as means of breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty and current poverty, by providing income for consumption in the short run”. Indeed, the main objective of the 4Ps and other conditional cash transfer programs is to prevent inter – generational transference of poverty and help break the infinite cycle of poverty by providing the children the suitable educational and health assistance so as to help them develop the facilities for a better future. Investing in children‟s human capital and ensuring that they grow into educated and healthy adults, is the equivalent of teaching them how to fish. Healthy, educated children ultimately have more choices in life and are able to become productive of society.

15

Furthermore, the implementation of the 4Ps lessens the incidence of child labor and other forms of child abuse. In cases of the other conditional cash transfer programs implemented in other countries, there are two interrelated mechanisms found to help combat child labor. First, through their cash subsidy component, schooling‟s directs costs are reduced, thereby inducing families to send their children to school, as opposed to work. Second, these programs require families to have their children attend school, 85% of the school days per month in the case of the 4Ps, in exchange to cash subsidy. The requirement increases the time children spend in school and reduces the time they can allocate to work. There is a noticeable increase in the number of enrollees in many elementary schools in areas included in the scope of the 4Ps, and kindergarten classes were being established to answer the need of the community in compliance to the condition of sending 3-5 years old children in day care centers and preschools. Subsequently, if collaborative compliance to this requirement of the 4P‟s is ensured, the literacy rate of the children is also expected to increase. In the long run, the 4Ps as well as the other conditional cash transfer programs, aims to establish social equality and mobility through education. As mentioned by Gundlach, Navarro de Pablo, & Weiser, the centrality of education in poverty – education policies stems from the belief that education is a powerful equalizer and the main asset of most people. Sen & Dreze incorporate the notion of inequality and social exclusion as obstacle for the construction of a system of rights and opportunities. Accordingly, people are poor not just because of lack of economic resources to satisfy basic needs, but also they live in a social, economic and political system which does not provide equality of opportunities. The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also expected to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their health centers such as pre – and post – natal services, vaccination, and periodical check – ups before acquiring their

16

money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. The 4Ps also promotes gender empowerment through monthly Family Development Sessions seeing as the responsibility of managing the cash grants are given to the mother. The decision is based on the experience in conditional cash transfer programs showing that women make relatively better use of grant money by using it to purchase food and/ or other necessities such as medicines, transportations and school supplies. In the nutshell, the underlying concept of the conditional cash transfer programs, and of the 4Ps as wells, is: once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run. Disadvantages of the 4Ps5 Like any other government program, the 4Ps is also having its disadvantages that may encumber its helpful benefits. One of the most crucial characteristics of the 4Ps and other CCT programs implemented in other countries is its being a „supply – side‟ intervention. That is, in order to be considered as a beneficiary of the program, one must concede with the government‟s demands and conditionalities. This is remarkably notable in the conditions concerning education and health services where the beneficiaries being brought into the education and health services system instead of expanding the education and health systems in order to reach them. Furthermore, as previously mentioned, poverty in the country is not only caused by the lack of economic resources, but also because of socio – economic and political factors that prevent the equality and distribution of resources. Although the 4Ps aims to provide the poor with the education which is, otherwise, inaccessible, it does not directly answer the socio – economic and political problems that are the primary cause of poverty. In the case of the 4Ps in the Philippines, it does not answer the issues regarding the political and economic elite families. And poverty can only be totally alleviated if there are programs that could target its roots. The 4Ps will also encounter some difficulties in achieving from the other social classes, mainly because it does not benefit middle - income

17

groups which have also been steadily affected by limited universal services and decreases in employment. The middle - income groups are also suffering from issues of poverty and limited access to educational and health benefits, but is not included in the target population of the 4Ps. The 4Ps is programmed to help only the extremely poor. Another major disadvantage of the 4Ps implementation is that it requires a huge amount of finance which we do not have at the present. The 4Ps is a loan driven program, much of the funds constituting the conditional cash grants given to beneficiaries are generated from loans abroad, particularly from the United States. Arguments against the 4Ps point out that despite the large amounts of financial resources needed to implement the program; it does not generate guaranteed returns to the economy as much as infrastructure projects like constructions of roads, bridges, and railways do. DSWD Rolls Out Conditional Cash Transfer Program6 Money matters – this phrase rings true in the daily lives of hundreds of poor Filipino families nationwide. Poverty alleviation has long been a government program in the Philippines, where, according to a 2010 Social Weather Stations report, 49% of families rated themselves as poor. The rate of hunger incidence among 3.4 million families is up by more than 2%, from last year‟s 15.1% to this year‟s 18.1%. Increase in poverty and hunger in 2010 is attributed to the high prices of basic commodities. In a Business World article, Presidential Communications Development Secretary Ricky Carandang was quoted as saying, “The fact that there was some increase makes it all the more urgent for us to get our social programs in place. We‟re hoping that some of that will be felt this year.” The 4Ps7 The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has responded to this need by rolling out its conditional cash transfer program (CCT), dubbed Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). 4Ps, according to the DSWD, is a poverty reduction and social development strategy of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to extremely poor

18

households to improve their health, nutrition and education, particularly of children aged 0-14. It has two components – social assistance or the provision of cash assistance to alleviate their immediate need and social development or breaking the intergenerational poverty cycle through investments in human capital. 4Ps also play a crucial role in fulfilling the country‟s commitment to the Millennium Development Goals, which includes extreme poverty and hunger eradication. The goal is to reduce by half the proportion of people living in poverty and hunger. The program was met with mixed reactions and predictions, but in November 2010, an international expert provided insight on its benefits given its effective implementation. “The program‟s safety net component aims to provide social assistance for short-term poverty reduction but in the long run eradicates poverty by building the capacity of children of poor families to complete schooling and improve health conditions, which is considered a huge investment in human capital,” says international adviser on poverty Tarcisio Castañeda in a Philippine Daily Inquirer article. Castañeda expounded on the impact of conditional cash transfer programs in developing countries around the globe, which helped empower families and allow them better living conditions. He also said that DSWD‟s program has key designs which are sensitive to the Filipino culture and value. World Bank Country Director for the Philippines Bert Hofman believes that the conditional cash transfer program is an effective means of alleviating poverty, especially in a developing country like the Philippines. "Reducing the vulnerability of poor households to sudden economic difficulties and improving their access to education and health services are among the most tangible ways to make growth work for the poor," said Hofman in a statement. Developing and Implementing the Program8 During the last quarter of 2010, DSWD Secretary Corazon “Dinky” Soliman conducted and ed various for a nationwide to promote and explain the

19

4Ps. Various sectors were also brought together to explore sustainable measures to make the program more beneficial to the country‟s 4 million poor families. The participants committed to the implementation of 4Ps. Soliman assured the public that DSWD will come up with a “clean list” of beneficiaries, addressing only the genuine poor. She also stressed that only the DSWD has the authority to put or remove names on the beneficiaries list. “[DSWD] selected the beneficiaries so no congressman or any local government official had anything to do with it. So those politicians who claim they will add your name to the list or will remove your name from the list – what they‟re saying are not true. They are not in the position to do that,” she added. The World Bank cautioned that CCT programs generate full synergies between social assistance and human capital development only where the supply of health and education services is extensive and of reasonable quality. Implementation of programs can be istratively demanding and involves extensive coordination between agencies of the government. Reducing Poverty 4Ps Style9 The DSWD‟s 4Ps has the capability to reflect the government‟s efficiency in alleviating poverty among the poorest of the poor. But more importantly, the beneficiaries of the program should be able to understand the dynamics and purpose of the program. The 4Ps, according to the DSWD, is not about giving subsidy to identified poor families and allowing them to do what they want with the cash grants. The program is more concerned about making poor families responsible, putting the opportunity for a better life in their hands. It is a means to ensure that the younger generations are equipped to have a better chance at life and to cut the intergenerational cycle of poverty. With this noble goal, the DSWD looks forward to changed lives and reduced instances of poverty and hunger in 2011.

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The Effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the Education of Its Beneficiaries10 Every parent wants the best for their children. They want their children to finish their studies. But unfortunately, there are many poor families cannot provide for the education of their children. Some families can only afford to eat one meal a day and they can‟t even send their children to school. Sometimes the parents encourage their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can have something to eat. But we can‟t blame them, because sometimes it is better to have something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. Every youth deserves to have a decent education for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take care of their welfare. That‟s why, the government thinks of some ways to give every Filipino youth the education they deserve. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 has been a big help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries. The program aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education so that, they built public schools. But there‟s still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. Even though there are many programs implemented by the government, still it‟s not enough to alleviate the problems on poverty and education. The Department of Social Welfare and Development is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for the protection of the social welfare rights of Filipinos and to promote social for the benefit of the children. They help to implement a program that responds to the needs of the people. DSWD’s Convergence Framework for Poverty Reduction11 The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has developed a Convergence Framework that aims to maximize the impact of its

21

poverty reduction programs through an effective targeting system and a holistic community development approach. This Framework, also known as the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Pathway out of Poverty, consists of the three key programs of the Department which are: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS), and Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K). The three-pronged poverty reduction approach of DSWD responds to the unique contexts of various segments of the poor. Sensitive to the capacities and needs of the people, each of the three programs has its own strategies and outputs. In every stage of development, both public and private sectors have identified their contributions for the improvement of the beneficiaries‟ well being. The first component aims to secure the chronic poor through protective social services. The DSWD extends social welfare services to the most vulnerable sectors of the poor. In addition, DSWD provides assistance for education and health services through the conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, also known as 4Ps. To complement the CCT, microfinance institutions enhance the capacities of the beneficiaries through financial literacy programs and increase their security levels through micro insurance and savings facilities. Private sector partners deliver these programs to the beneficiaries through Mutual Benefit Associations (MBAs). The second component seeks to improve the financial access of the transitional poor through direct to communities for local development. The key program that responds to the needs of the transitional poor is the community driven development (CDD), also known as KALAHI-CIDSS. As the 4Ps program provides assistance to poor households to avail of education and health services, the KALAHI-CIDSS program provides technical and financial assistance to communities for the construction of social infrastructure projects such as potable water systems, footpaths, bridges, roads, health facilities, day care centers and classrooms. KALAHI-CIDSS sub-projects ensure that the

22

facilities for education and health services are in place. The role of the private sector in this aspect is for skills development, community building and capital augmentation through microfinance. The third component s the economically active poor through community driven enterprise development. The DSWD currently provides technical assistance and non-collateral, non-interest loans to the entrepreneurial poor as part of the Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K) Program. The program enables the poor to have access to credit, increase their income, enhance socio-economic skills, and develop positive entrepreneurial values. To this program, private sector partners complement government initiatives through assistance in the following areas: enterprise development, microfinance, business development services, and market matching. These three programs are extended to the municipalities and barangays identified through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR). Guidelines for , Parent Leaders and Partners of the Program:12 Dos for Parent Beneficiaries,  Follow all the conditionalities of the 4Ps Program.  Provides updates as necessary for Parent Leaders or Municipal Links with ing legal documents.  Present any complaint or grievance and still call the attention of any misbehavior of any concerned people affecting the program.  Spend the grant money wisely in food necessities or expenses related to health and education of money. Don‟ts for Parent Beneficiaries  Threaten, intimidate or offer payment to service providers, municipal links and parent leaders to influence attendance records or change of any records.  Provide false documents to updates and or complaints and grievances.  Make payments for services that should be provided by service providers,

23

e.g. security of the banks, teachers and midwives. Dos for Parent Leaders  Hold regular meetings once a month based on the most available time of the parents.  Provide accurate and timely information to all of the group.  Help parents fill in updates forms and/or complaints or grievance forms.  Help review ing documents for updates and submit to Municipal Link Don‟ts for Parent Leaders  Collect voluntary or involuntary contribution from parents for any purpose.  Form associations of parent leaders or parents for any other purpose not of 4Ps program.  Falsify or help parents falsify documents used for CVS, updates, grievances and complaints or any other related to the program.  Threaten and or intimidate parents.  Not reporting of any fraud or abusive acts related to the program.  Demand additional conditionalities to the parents. Dos for 4ps Health Service Providers  Provide health services to 0-5 year olds such as vaccinations, check-ups, supplements based on DOH protocols.  Provide health services to pregnant women such as check-ups, pre-natal, delivery, post-natal based on DOH protocol.  Keep records of health services provided to the 4Ps beneficiaries and provide accurate report of their visits to the health centers by completing accurately the Compliance Verification forms.  Provide necessary ing documents to beneficiaries for updates or complaints purposes.  Report any undue pressure to change or falsify CVS or other records immediately to 4Ps.

24

Don‟ts for Health Providers  Provide inaccurate or false CVS information.  Accept payments or bribes for changes in records-report immediately to 4ps any such cases.  Require any other condition such as requiring parents to contribute for related activities on 4Ps. * Alleged health service providers will be reported to the Local Government Unit for appropriate disciplinary action. Dos for Education Service Providers  Enroll children 3-5 years olds form beneficiary families who wish to enroll in day care or pre-school.  Complete the Compliance Verification Forms to be submitted to 4Ps.  Enroll children 6-14 year olds from beneficiary families who wish to enroll in school.  Complete the Compliance Verification Forms to be submitted to 4Ps.  Provide school certificates in case students need to updates and or complaints or grievances. Don‟ts for Education Service Providers  Provide inaccurate or false CVS information.  Accept payments or bribes for changes in records-report immediately to 4Ps any such cases.  Require any other condition to program beneficiaries other than the at least 85% attendance records.  Request payment to beneficiaries for services that are free according to DepEd regulations. *

Disciplinary Action: Responsible school teacher or principal reported to

school District and Province and DepEd for corrective action. Dos for Local Government Units  Provide logistical for program implementation.  Designate a permanent focal person for the program to ensure efficient program operation.

25

 Organize a 4Ps Municipal Advisory Committee (MAC) to monitor program implementation.  Ensure that primary health care services are available in quantity and quality to provide services for small children including those in 4Ps and to pregnant women. Don‟ts for Local Government Units  Requesting voluntary or involuntary cash or in-kind contributions to 4Ps beneficiaries for any purpose.  Promoting organizations of parent leaders or beneficiaries.  Calling to organizations and or meetings for purposes not directly related to the program. *Disciplinary Action: Report will be submitted to the Department of Interior and Local Government and other appropriate agency. Education may be viewed as a process, product, or both. It can be defined as a lifelong process that includes both formal instruction and a broad range of experiences. It is a result of the society‟s need to prepare its young minds for a future role in the society.13 Generations of parents have been found of the proverb. “Education begins at home”. This is still true as it ever was. Psychologists have found that the child‟s experiences during his five years of life have a lasting effect on his intelligence and on his attitudes toward working and cooperating with others. Both of these are of crucial importance in education.14 Education not only begins at home-it begins at every early age. A toddler who is allowed some independence starts to educate himself by investigating any object in sight. The feel, sight, and taste of a chair or a book help him begin to form an idea or model of the world around him.15 Many educators feel that the whole point of education is to give every child a mental model of the world that is as accurate as possible. The average child, during the first three or four years of life, shows a degree of curiosity and persistence that the few adults maintain. Unless his parents actively discourage him, he will continue his investigations of his newly discovered world almost

26

until his ready to drop from exhaustion.16 The parents play a primary role in the education of the preschool child. First, their love and understanding give him the sense of security necessary to learning. Second, their conversations with him and with each other, their sharing of stories, poems, and books, and their participation in simple play activities and games give him both a better command of the words necessary to express his thoughts and also the habit of thinking in of words. This last may seem like a very simple thing, but one of the essential in education. Everyone has known people who do seem to be able to say what they are thinking. A main cause of this may be that they never learned to make words express their thoughts clearly.17 It is often hard for adults to understand the way children think and the problems that the children can have in grasping what they see and hear around them. Adults understand that “big “and “little” is relative , but they should not assume that a small child understands. Similarly, children will have trouble with arithmetic until they learn to connect numbers with objects. If in their play they have to divide up a bag of marbles among themselves, they can often do it accurately; but the connection between this and the division they learn in school is not usually obvious to them. Parents who are alert to such confusions in their children can help them too much up words, numbers, and ideas with the common place world they know. This will help to deepen a child‟s understanding both of word and of the world.18 What parents do to their children during the preschool and school years are important, but they do not do is equally important. Many authorities believe that the greatest hindrance to learning in elementary school is fear-fear of disapproval from parents and teachers, fear of appearing “stupid” and fear of failing. A great many children are so busy being afraid that they have no time or attention to spare for concentration on what is to be learned. Every child wants and needs the interest and encouragement of his parents, but if they seem more interested in his marks or how many words he can spell than in how well he is learning to think, their encouragement may do more harm than good. If

27

education becomes a battle for a child, in whom he feels he may lose the love and approval of his parents, schoolmates, and teachers, he has already developed a handicap that could seriously stand in the way of his education.19 The best attitude for parents is one that combines understanding and respect. A child‟s ideas and opinions should be listening to. At the very least they will increase the parents‟ knowledge of their way their child thinks and feels. The child whose parents care enough to listen to him is more likely to feel that he thinks matters and less likely to feel so inadequate that he hesitates to reveal his thoughts.20 According to David Wilderson “good parents do not always have good children but devoted, dedicated, hard-working mothers and fathers can weigh the balance in favor of decency and the building of moral character of a child, which ultimately determines how the child fits into the fabric of society.21” As cited by Mary Ann Camsol, the 4Ps was adapted in North America by Pres.Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. In Benguet, Kapangan was first selected because of many packets of poverty. She said that the meeting of the beneficiaries is called Family Development Sessions. During the orientation of the beneficiaries their general presentation is the dos and don‟ts for parent beneficiaries, parent leaders, and other 4Ps stakeholders stated above.22 According to Marlon Baso, the 4Ps beneficiaries were selected through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR) ister by the DSWD using the Proxy Means Test. He added that Kapangan was first chosen because this is the poorest municipality followed by Bakun, Kabayan and Kibungan. This NHTSPR is the list of the poorest households. The 4Ps is a national program so it is implemented in all areas of the world.23

28

END NOTES: 1

www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

2

Ibid.

3

Ibid.

4

www.gov.ph

5

Ibid.

6

excell.csc.gov.ph/ENEWS/

5

Ibid.

6

Ibid.

7

Ibid.

8

Ibid.

9

Ibid.

10

http://www.studymode.com/

11

http://www.papercamp.com/

12

Pantawid Pamilya Guide Booklet, p.30-35 http://www.gilcamporazorandomthoughts.info/2012/06/ph-pantawid-pamilyaaction-team-role.htm http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=151352262178

13

Minerva A. Gonzalez, Teaching Strategies II, p.325

14

Ed-Ha, The modern of Encyclopedia of Baby Care and Child Care, Vol. 4, p.281-283

15

Ibid.

16

Ibid.

29 17

Ibid.

18

Ibid.

19

Ibid.

20

Ibid.

21

Angelina Camacho – Regoso, Health Your Happiness, p.43

22

Mrs. Mary Ann F. Camsol, Municipal Link

23

Mr. Marlon B. Baso, SWO III

30

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter presents a brief discussion of the research design, population of the study, data gathering procedures, research instrument, validity and reliability of the instruments, statistical treatment of data, and statistical tool.

RESEARCH DESIGN The descriptive survey method of research was used since its goal is to describe and compare the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives, the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities, the extent of utilization of cash grants, and the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

POPULATION OF THE STUDY The population of the study involved the male parents and female parents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet,year 2012 -2013.The respondents were categorized according to gender. The table one (1) presents the population of the study according to gender. The table presents that out of the seventy nine (79) respondents, thirty four (34) were male parents and forty five (45) were female parents of the aforementioned place. Table 1. Population of the Study

Gender

Frequency

Percentage

Male Parents

34

43%

Female Parents

45

57%

Total

79

100%

31

CUBA

Figure 2. Map of Kapangan Showing the Location of Cuba

32

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES The researcher asked permission from the person in authority before piloting the questionnaire to the respondents. The researcher distributed and retrieved the said questionnaire from the respondents.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS A questionnaire was used as a tool in gathering data to answer the questions that the researcher wanted them to answer. The instruments were divided into four (4) parts excluding the personal information of the respondents. The personal information was the name and the gender to determine whether it is male or female. The first part includes the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives. The second part includes the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities. The third part includes the extent of utilization of cash grant and the fourth part includes the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested in Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet. The researcher asked permission to the person in authority and to the respondents. The researcher also asked permission and clarifications to her subject teacher. The respondents were seventy four (74) parents. For the first piloting the researcher personally handed the questionnaire to the respondents and for the second piloting it was distributed by the parent leader during the meeting.

33

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA All the data gathered were tallied, organized, tabulated, and presented in tables. The result were analyzed and interpreted by the way of ranking and weighted mean. To quantify the responses, the five-point rating scale was used as shown below.

Numerical Equivalent 5 4 3 2 1

Statistical Limit 4.21 - 5.0 3.41 - 4.20 2.61- 3.40 1.81- 2.60 1.0 – 1.80

Descriptive Rating Very Much Effective Much Effective Moderately Effective Slightly Effective Not Effective

Symbol (VME) (ME) (MdE) (SE) (NE)

Numerical Equivalent 5 4 3 2 1

Statistical Limit 4.21 - 5.0 3.41 - 4.20 2.61- 3.40 1.81- 2.60 1.0 – 1.80

Descriptive Rating Very Much Attained Much Attained Moderately Attained Less Attained Not Attained

Symbol (VMA) (MA) (MdA) (LA) (NA)

Numerical Equivalent 5 4 3 2 1

Statistical Limit 4.21 - 5.0 3.41 - 4.20 2.61- 3.40 1.81- 2.60 1.0 – 1.80

Descriptive Rating Very Serious Quite Serious Moderately Serious Less Serious Not Serious

Symbol (VS) (QS) (MdS) (LS) (NS)

Numerical Equivalent 5 4 3 2 1

Statistical Limit 4.21 - 5.0 3.41 - 4.20 2.61- 3.40 1.81- 2.60 1.0 – 1.80

Descriptive Rating Always Very Often Often Seldom Never

Symbol (A) (VO) (O) (S) (N)

34

STATISTICAL TOOL The T - test was used to determine the significant differences of the perceptions of the respondents along the variable of gender. The formula is

√ Where: X1 = Mean of Male X2 = Mean of Female SD1 = Variance of the Mean of Male SD2 = Variance of the Mean of Female N = Number of cases of each group df = Degree of freedom

35

Chapter 4 PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS This chapter deals with the presentation and interpretation of the findings made by the researcher. Its main purpose is to look into the perceptions of male and female parent-beneficiaries towards the program. The presentation and interpretation of the findings covered each of the specific problems of the study. Specifically, it answers these questions: I. Extent of effectiveness of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM objectives II. Extent of attainment of the PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM conditionalities III. Extent of utilization of cash grants IV. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions. Differences in the perceptions of the respondents along the variables are also dealt in this chapter. Table 2. General perceptions of male and female respondents on the extent of effectiveness of the objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. N = 34 4Ps Objectives 1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children 2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school 3.Reduce the incidence of child labor

VME 5

ME 4

MdE 3

SE 2

NE 1

AWM

R

59 (295)

14 (56)

4 (12)

0 (0)

2 (2)

4.62

1

51 (255)

21 (84)

7 (21)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.56

3

41 (205)

25 (100

12 (36)

1 (2)

0 (0)

4.34

4

36

4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5.Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities Mean

44 (220)

13 (52)

18 (54)

3 (6)

0 (0)

4.20

5

54 (270)

19 (76)

6 (18)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.61

2

4.47

Table two (2) presents the perceptions of male and female respondents on the effectiveness of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This shows that there is improvement with regards to the health of the mothers and children. Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities is the second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.61. According to them they took good care of their children‟s health and education and they adapted better living practices. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.56. This program let the parents send their children to school because of the aid given to them and the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) monitors them. Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.34. This reveals that many children are go to school hence reduces the incidence of child labor. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.20. This

37

implies that even though there is aid from the program it does not mean that it can feed all the of the family thus, it does not raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households Table 3. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female respondents. N = 34 4Ps Conditionalities 1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check ups and vaccines 4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time 5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time Mean

VMA 5

MA 4

MdA 3

LA 2

NA 1

AWM

61 (305)

9 (36)

7 (21)

2 (4)

0 (0)

4.63

55 (275)

19 (76)

5 (15)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.63

65 (325)

12 (48)

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.80

64 (320)

10 (40)

5 (15)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.75

72 (360)

6 (24)

1 (3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.90

R

1.5

1.5

2

3

1

4.74

Table three (3) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female respondents. As show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA.

38

Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.90. This implies that most of the children enrolled maintain their attendance. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health checkups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number two (2) with an average weighted mean

(AWM)

of

4.80.

This

implies

that

the

children

availed

immunization/preventive health check-up. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.75. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their classes with at least 85%. Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional; parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars are both rank 1.5 with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.63. This shows that the pregnant women visited health centers for preventive check-up and health care and the respondents complied with the condition of the program. Table 4. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male and female parent respondents. N = 34 Needs and Wants

A 5

VO 4

O 3

S 2

N 1

AWM

R

66 (330) 15 (75) 22 (110)

7 (28) 17 (68) 2 (8)

6 (18) 31 (93) 2 (6)

0 (0) 16 (32) 6 (12)

0 (0) 0 (0) 47 (47)

4.76

1

3.39

3

2.32

6

4. Clothes

19 (95)

2 (8)

6 (18)

16 (32)

36 (36)

2.39

5

5.Transportations

3 (15) 1 (5)

2 (8) 4 (16)

17 (51) 6 (18)

19 (38) 10 (20)

26 (26) 58 (58)

1.75

7

1.48

9

1. Food 2. Medicines 3. Water

6. Shoes

39

7. Sandals 8. Slippers 9. School supplies 10. Toys 11. Dolls

0 (0) 16 (80)

5 (20) 14 (56)

7 (21) 25 (75)

15 (30) 19 (38)

52 (52) 5 (5)

1.56

8

3.22

4

59 (295) 0 (0) 1 (5)

13 (52) 4 (16) 4 (16)

2 (6) 3 (9) 3 (9)

3 (6) 13 (26) 14 (28)

2 (2) 59 (59) 57 (57)

4.57

2

1.39

11

1.46

10

Mean

2.57

Table four (4) presents the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male and female parent respondents. First in rank is food with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.76. This implies that the respondents spend the grant money wisely for food necessities. Second in rank are school supplies with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.57. This shows that the respondents utilize the cash grant for the education of their children. Third in rank is medicines with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.39. This shows that the respondents used the money wisely but they need to take good care of their health in order not to get sick. Fourth in rank is slippers with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.22. This implies that the children of the respondents were usually using slippers for the protection of their feet. Fifth in rank is clothes with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.39. Some respondents said that they buy clothes if it is very necessary. Last in rank is toys with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.39. This reveals that the respondents spend only the grant money for the health and education of the children.

40

Table 5. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and female parent respondents. N = 34 Factors

1.Poor Vision 2.Poor Hearing 3.Too much engagement of activities 4.Sickly 5.Insecurity 6.Shyness 7.Easily get bored 8.Low intelligence 9.Weather

VS 5

QS 4

MdS 3

LS 2

NS 1

AWM

R

4 (20) 3 (15) 16 (80)

9 (36) 7 (28) 16 (64)

11 (33) 11 (33) 9 (27)

1 (26) 12 (24) 7 (14)

42 (42) 46 (46) 31 (31)

1.99

2

1.85

4

2.73

1

7 (35) 1 (5) 2 (10) 3 (15) 2 (10) 4 (20)

1 (4) 5 (20) 4 (6) 2 (8) 3 (12) 9 (36)

10 (30) 5 (15) 9 (27) 7 (21) 9 (27) 13 (39)

11 (22) 13 (26) 9 (18) 11 (22) 12 (24) 3 (6)

50 (50) 55 (55) 55 (55) 56 (56) 53 (53) 50 (50)

1.78

5

1.53

9

1.59

7

1.54

8

1.59

7

1.91

3

Mean

1.83

Table five (5) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and female parent respondents. Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.73. This implies that the respondents have many works to do but they find time to attend Family Development Sessions.

41

Poor vision is rank number two (2) with an average weighted (AWM) of 1.99. The respondents should eat foods with vitamin A, C, E and minerals because these are essential for good eyesight. The third in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.91. The respondents should attend the FDS even though the weather is not good in order to learn something. The fourth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.85. The respondents have poor hearing should see a doctor to make sure that they do not have an ear infection. The lowest in rank is insecurity with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.53. Some of the respondents said that even though they felt insecurity they attend Family Development Sessions.

42

Table 6. Extent on the effectiveness of the objectives of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program as perceived by the male parent respondents. N = 34 4Ps Objectives 1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children 2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school 3.Reduce the incidence of child labor

4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5.Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities Mean

VME 5

ME 4

MdE 3

SE 2

NE 1

AWM

R

23 (115)

7 (28)

3 (9)

0 (0)

1 (1)

4.5

2

21 (105)

8 (32)

5 (15)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.47

3

19 (95)

10 (40)

4 (12)

1 (2)

0 (0)

4.38

4

18 (90)

4 (16)

9 (27)

2 (4)

0 (0)

4.03

5

24 (120)

8 (32)

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.65

1

4.41

Table six (6) presents the perceptions of male parents on the effectiveness of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM. Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.65). This

43

shows that the parents were encouraged to invest in their children‟s human capital. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children is second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.5). This implies that the program improves health among pregnant women and young children. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.47. This reveals that the enrollment and attendance rate in school were increased. Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.38. The parents can now provide the needs of their children and that they are not pushed to work. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.03. They have some other expenditure since their children go to school. Table 7. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents. N = 34 4Ps Conditionalities 1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check ups and vaccines

VMA 5

MA 4

MdA 3

LA 2

NA 1

AWM

27 (135)

2 (8)

4 (12)

1 (2)

0 (0)

4.62

24 (120)

9 (36)

1 (3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.68

30 (150)

4 (16)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.88

R

5

4

1

44

4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time 5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

28 (140)

3 (12)

3 (9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.74

29 (145)

5 (20)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.85

3

2

4.75

Mean

Table seven (7) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents. As show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health checkups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number one (1) with an average weighted mean

(AWM)

of

4.88.

This

implies

that

the

children

availed

immunization/preventive health check-up. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time. This indicator is number two (2) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.85. This reveals that most of the children enrolled in elementary and high school maintain their attendance rate of at least 85%. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks (3) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.74. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their classes with at least 85%. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars. This indicator ranks four (4) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.15. This is important to enhance more knowledge about their responsibilities as partners of the government in improving their families‟ standard of living. Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional. This indicator is number five (5) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This shows that the pregnant women visited health centers for preventive check-up and health care. According

45

to http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/1 prenatal and postnatal care are equally important for the mother. Post natal care is likewise necessary to ensure that no complications have developed in the woman after childbirth. Table 8. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male parent respondents. N = 34 Needs and Wants

A 5

VO 4

O 3

S 2

N 1

AWM

R

30 (150) 8 (40) 9 (45)

3 (12) 7 (28) 1 (4)

1 (3) 15 (45) 0 (0)

0 (0) 4 (8) 3 (6)

0 (0) 0 (0) 21 (21)

4.85

1

3.56

3

2.24

5

4. Clothes

5 (25)

0 (0)

3 (9)

10 (20)

16 (16)

2.06

6

5.Transportations

2 (10) 0 (0) 0 (0) 8 (40)

0 (0) 1 (4) 2 (8) 1 (4)

5 (15) 3 (9) 3 (9) 10 (30)

7 (14) 6 (12) 4 (8) 11 (22)

20 (20) 24 (24) 25 (25) 4 (4)

1.74

7

1.44

9

1.47

8

2.94

4

27 (135) 0 (0) 0 (0)

4 (16) 1 (4) 1 (4)

1 (3) 2 (6) 2 (6)

2 (4) 6 (12) 7 (14)

0 (0) 25 (25) 24 (24)

4.65

2

1.38

11

1.41

10

1. Food 2. Medicines 3. Water

6. Shoes 7. Sandals 8. Slippers 9. School supplies 10. Toys 11. Dolls Mean

2.52

Table eight (8) presents the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male parent respondents. First in rank is food with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.85. According to suven.hubpages.com2 food plays very vital role in maintaining proper health and also helps in prevention and cure of diseases.

46

Second in rank are school supplies with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.65. This also shows that they utilize the cash grant for the needs of the children in school. Third in rank is medicines with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.56. According to them the reason is because of climate change and their children insist to play dust in their surroundings so they easily get sick. Fourth in rank is slippers with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.94. According to them slippers now were easily destroyed and flatten compared to slippers before that will last long. Fifth in rank is water with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.24. This implies that the water in the barangay is clean and safe to drink. According to them they will only buy water if they will go out or they will go to other places. According to http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio3 water is one of the most essential elements to good health -- it is necessary for the digestion and absorption of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air conditioning system. Last in rank is toys with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.38. According to http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls4 by dressing and feeding dolls and toys, children enhance fine-motor skills. By assuming roles and interacting with other children, they practice language and social skills, including sharing, cooperation, helping, and problem solving. They learn the different roles people play and begin to see their own place in the world.

47

Table 9. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male parent respondents. N = 34 Factors

1.Poor Vision 2.Poor Hearing 3.Too much engagement of activities 4.Sickly 5.Insecurity 6.Shyness 7.Easily get bored 8.Low intelligence 9.Weather

VS 5

QS 4

MdS 3

LS 2

NS 1

AWM

R

3 (15) 2 (10) 10 (50)

3 (12) 2 (8) 3 (12)

2 (6) 4 (12) 5 (15)

7 (14) 5 (10) 4 (8)

19 (19) 21 (21) 12 (12)

1.94

2.5

1.79

5

2.85

1

5 (25) 0 (0) 1 (5) 1 (5) 1 (5) 2 (10)

0 (0) 2 (8) 0 (0) 1 (4) 1 (4) 3 (12)

4 (12) 2 (6) 4 (12) 5 (15) 3 (9) 6 (18)

4 (8) 3 (6) 4 (8) 4 (8) 3 (6) 1 (2)

21 (21) 27 (27) 25 (25) 23 (23) 26 (26) 22 (22)

1.94

2.5

1.38

9

1.47

7.5

1.62

6

1.47

7.5

1.88

4

Mean

1.82 Table nine (9) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male parent respondents. Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.85. According to some they engage in many works so sometimes they don‟t finish their work but they attend Family Development Sessions. Ranking both second are poor vision and sickly with a respective average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.94. According to them they cannot read the topics being discussed to them under these poor conditions.

48

The fourth in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.88. This reveals that they cannot adapt with the climate change and poor weather to attend the seminar or training scheduled. The fifth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.79. According to most respondents they have no problem in their sense of hearing. The lowest or the ninth in rank is insecurity with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.38. This shows that a feeling of insecurity was not a hindrance for them to attend Family Development Sessions. Table 10. Extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents. N = 45 4Ps Objectives

1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children 2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school 3.Reduce the incidence of child labor 4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5.Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities Mean

VME 5

ME 4

MdE 3

SE 2

NE 1

AWM

R

36 (180)

7 (28)

1 (3)

0 (0)

1 (1)

4.71

1

30 (150)

13 (52)

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.62

2

22 (110)

15 (60)

8 (24)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.31

4

26 (130)

9 (36)

9 (27)

1 (0)

0 (0)

4.28

5

30 (150)

11 (44)

4 (12)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.58

3

4.5

49

Table ten (10) shows the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.71. With the program there is improvement with regards to their health. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school is second with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. The population of the children enrolled in school increased. Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities ranks third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.58. According to them they were encouraged to invest for the good of their children. Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.31. This implies that even the program was not yet implemented in the place; the incidence of child labor was reduced because parents send their children in school. Last in rank is raise the average consumption rates in food expenditure of poor households with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.22 which corresponds to very much effective (VME). According to them there was no change in the way they eat. Table 11. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent respondents. N = 45 4Ps Conditionalities

1.Pregnant women must get pre- and postnatal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2.Parents or guardians

VMA 5

MA 4

MdA 3

LA 2

NA 1

AWM

R

34 (170)

7 (28)

3 (9)

1 (2)

0 (0)

4.64

4

50

must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines 4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or preschool classes at least 85% of the time 5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time Mean

31 (155)

10 (40)

4 (12)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.6

5

35 (175)

8 (32)

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.73

3

36 (180)

7 (28)

2 (6)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.76

2

43 (215)

1 (4)

1 (3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4.93

1

4.73

Table eleven (11) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent respondents. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85% of the time. This indicator is rank (1) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.93. This implies that with the help of the program the children attended their classes for at least 85% of the time. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks second with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.76. This reveals that the respondents ed and guided their children in attending their classes. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check ups and vaccines is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.73. The mothers should prioritize the health of their children.

51

Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional is fourth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.64. The result is VMA because pregnant women visited health center and give birth at the health facility for the safety of the mother and the child. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness a seminar is rated very much attained (VMA). According to them they attend Family Development Sessions so that they will learn and improve their skills in responsible parenthood.

Table 12. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the female parent respondents. N = 45 Needs and Wants 1.Food 2.Medicines 3.Water 4.Clothes 5.Transportations 6.Shoes 7.Sandals 8.Slippers 9.School supplies 10.Toys 11. Dolls

A 5

VO 4

O 3

S 2

N 1

AWM

R

36 (180) 7 (35) 13 (65) 14 (70) 1 (5) 1 (5) 0 (0) 8 (40) 32 (160) 0 (0) 1 (5)

4 (16) 10 (40) 1 (4) 2 (8) 2 (8) 3 (12) 3 (12) 13 (52) 9 (36) 3 (12) 3 (12)

5 (15) 16 (48) 2 (6) 3 (9) 12 (36) 3 (9) 4 (12) 15 (45) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (3)

0 (0) 12 (24) 3 (6) 6 (12) 12 (24) 4 (8) 11 (22) 8 (16) 1 (2) 7 (14) 7 (14)

0 (0) 0 (0) 26 (26) 20 (20) 6 (6) 34 (34) 27 (27) 1 (1) 2 (2) 34 (34) 33 (33)

4.69

1

3.27

4

2.38

6

2.64

5

1.76

7

1.51

9

1.62

8

3.42

3

4.51

2

1.4

11

1.49

10

52

Mean

2.61

Table twelve (12) shows the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the female parent respondents. Food is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.69. This implies that the respondents spend the cash grant for their survival. School supplies is the second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.51. This indicates that most of the mothers are aware to the needs of their children in school. Slippers rank three with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.42. According to them their children use slippers all the time and the school-home distance is far so their slippers are easily worn out. Medicines is fourth in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.27. This reveals that the respondents should take good care of their health. Clothes rank fifth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64. Clothes play an important role in our life but according to some parents clothes are given to them by their relatives; they buy clothes as uniforms in school. Toys rank last among the eleven indicators. It has an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.4. Most of the respondents perceived that they don‟t like to utilize the cash grant for luxuries instead they used it for their basic needs and for the education of the children. Table 13. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the female parent respondents. N = 45 Factors

1.Poor Vision 2.Poor Hearing 3.Too much

VS 5

QS 4

MdS 3

LS 2

NS 1

AWM

R

1 (5) 1 (5)

6 (24) 5 (20)

9 (27) 7 (21)

6 (12) 7 (14)

23 (23) 25 (25)

2.02

2

1.89

4

53

engagement of activities 4.Sickly 5.Insecurity 6.Shyness 7.Easily get bored 8.Low intelligence 9.Weather

6 (30) 2 (10) 1 (5) 1 (5) 2 (10) 1 (5)

13 (52) 1 (4) 3 (12) 4 (16) 1 (4) 2 (8)

4 (12) 6 (18) 3 (9) 5 (15) 2 (6) 6 (18)

3 (6) 7 (14) 10 (20) 5 (10) 7 (14) 9 (18)

19 (19) 29 (29) 28 (28) 30 (30) 33 (33) 27 (27)

2.64

1

1.67

7

1.64

8

1.69

5.5

1.49

9

1.69

5.5

2 (10)

6 (24)

7 (21)

2 (4)

28 (28)

1.93

3

Mean

1.85

Table thirteen (13) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the female parent respondents. Too much engagement of activities rank number one (1) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64. According to them they have many tasks to do like taking care of all the details of housekeeping but they found time to attend Family Development Sessions. Poor vision is second in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.02. This indicates that few of the respondents have a problem on their sense of sight. Weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.93. This reveals that the respondents cannot adapt themselves with the climate change. Poor hearing is fourth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.89. This shows that with poor hearing the respondents cannot hear what the speaker is talking about. Shyness and low intelligence of indicators six (6) and eight (8) are both not serious (NS) having an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.69. According to the respondents even though they are shy and have low intelligence these do not hinder them to attend Family Development Sessions as required by the program.

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Easily get bored is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.49. This implies that the respondents are attentive and willing to participate during trainings, seminars and meetings. Table 14. Comparison on the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

4Ps Objectives

N = 79 Male Female Parents Parents (34) (45) AWM AWM

1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children 2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school 3.Reduce the incidence of child labor 4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5.Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities Overall Mean

Overall (79) AWM

D

R

4.5

4.71

4.61

VME

2

4.47

4.62

4.55

VME

3

4.38

4.31

4.35

VME

4

4.03

4.28

4.16

VME

5

4.65

4.58

4.62

VME

1

4.41

4.5

4.46

VME

Table fourteen (14) presents the comparison on the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

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This objective to: encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities is rank one with an overall average weighted mean of 4.62. The respondents were encouraged to invest on human capital to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty among poor household. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children is rank second with an overall average weighted mean of 4.61 The improvement of the health of pregnant women and young children are given priorities of both respondents. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks three (3) with an overall average weighted mean of 4.55. The enrollment and attendance rate in school increased because both male and female parent respondents implemented the objective as shown in their average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.47 and 4.62 respectively. Reduce the incidence of child labor ranks fourth with an overall average weighted mean of 4.35. There is no child labor in the barangay unless the child wants to work instead of going to school. The 4Ps objective to: raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households‟ ranks fifth with an overall average weighted mean of 4.16. There is not much change in food expenditure of every household. Table 15.

Comparison of the extent of attainment of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the respondents.

4Ps Conditionalities

1.Pregnant women must get pre- and postnatal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2.Parents or guardians

N = 79 Male Female Parents Parents (34) (45) AWM AWM 4.62

4.64

Overall (79) AWM

D

R

4.63

VMA

5

56

must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines 4. The children aged 35 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time 5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time Overall Mean

4.68

4.6

4.64

VMA

4

4.88

4.73

4.81

VMA

2

4.74

4.76

4.75

MdA

3

4.85

4.93

4.89

VMA

1

4.75

4.73

4.74

VMA

Table fifteen (15) presents the comparison of the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the respondents. As perceived by the male and female respondents these conditionalities in their overall averages weighted mean (AWM) and their rank order are: children 614 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85% of the time with an overall average weighted mean of 4.89, rank 1; The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines with an overall average weighted mean of 4.81,rank 2; The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time with an overall average weighted mean of 4.75, rank 3; Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars with an overall average weighted mean of 4.64, rank 4; and Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a

57

skilled or trained health professional rank five (5) with an overall average weighted mean of 4.63.

Table 16. Comparison of the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents. N = 79 Needs and Wants 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Food Medicines Water Clothes Transportations 6. Shoes 7. Sandals 8. Slippers 9. School supplies 10. Toys 11. Dolls Overall Mean

Male Parents (34) AWM

Female Parents (45) AWM

Overall (79) AWM

D

R

4.85 3.56 2.24 2.06 1.74

4.69 3.27 2.38 2.64 1.76

4.77 3.42 2.31 2.35 1.75

A VO S S S

1 3 6 5 7

1.44 1.47 2.94 4.65

1.51 1.62 3.42 4.51

1.48 1.55 3.18 4.58

N N O A

9 8 4 2

1.38 1.41 2.52

1.4 1.49 2.61

1.39 1.45 2.57

N N S

11 10

Table sixteen presents the comparison on the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents. First in rank is food with an overall average weighted mean of 4.77. The money given to them was utilized to one of their basic needs which are given importance by both parents. Second in rank are school supplies with an overall average weighted mean of 4.58. They utilize the cash grant for the school supplies meaning they realize the importance of education which is also a basic need.

58

Medicines rank third with an overall average weighted mean of 3.42. According to https://www.google.com.ph/5 medicine is considered a necessity to all especially the children. Slippers rank fourth with an overall average weighted mean of 3.18. Slippers are essential for the protection of the feet from germs. Clothes, water and transportations rank 5, 6, and 7 with an overall average weighted mean of 2.35, 2.31 and 2.02 respectively. These are also necessities in life. Water regulates body temperature and it is important to the mechanics of the human body. Sandals, shoes, dolls and toys rank 8, 9, 10 and 11 with an overall average weighted mean of 1.55, 1.48, 1.39 and 1.28 respectively. The respondents perceived that these may not be immediate necessities in life. Sandals and shoes protect our feet from the external effects of weather as well as protect us against other

harmful

substances.

According to http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/6“A doll is an image of a human being and is therefore the toy most suited to develop and enliven the self-image in the growing child.” Table 17. Comparison of the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the respondents.

Factors 1. Poor Vision 2. Poor Hearing 3. Too much engagement of activities 4. Sickly 5. Insecurity 6. Shyness 7. Easily get bored 8. Low

N = 79 Male Female Parents (34) Parents (45) AWM AWM 1.94 2.02 1.79 1.89

Overall (79) AWM 1.98 1.84

D

R

LS LS

2 4

2.85

2.64

2.75

MdS

1

1.94 1.38 1.47 1.62

1.67 1.64 1.69 1.49

1.81 1.51 1.58 1.56

LS NS NS NS

5 9 6.5 8

1.47

1.69

1.58

NS

6.5

59

intelligence 9. Weather Overall Mean

1.88 1.82

1.93 1.85

1.91 1.84

LS LS

3

Table 17 presents the comparison of the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by respondents. The first in rank is too much engagement of activities with an overall average weighted mean of 2.75. They should make schedule of their activities to attend Family Development Sessions always. The second in rank is poor vision with an overall average weighted mean of 1.98. The poor vision should be remedied like going for consultation for possible illness prevention or cure. The third is weather with an overall average weighted mean of 1.91. Climate or weather is not a serious factor because this can always be remedied. The fourth is poor hearing with an overall average weighted mean of 1.84. They should go near the speaker to be able to hear and comprehend. The factor sickly ranks fifth with an overall average weighted mean of 1.81. There is no concentration if one person is not feeling well but he/she has to go for medical treatment or cure. Shyness, low intelligence, easily get bored and insecurity rank 6.5, 8 and 9 with an average weighted mean with an overall average weighted mean of 1.58, 1.58, 1.56 and 1.51 respectively. These are not hindrances in participating in meetings and seminars as long as they have the interest and confidence.

Table 18. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the perceptions of the Male and Female Parents on the effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.

60

Male (N) =34 Female (N) =45 Gender

Mean

Standard Deviation (SD)

Male

4.41

1.09

Female

4.5

0.2

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.306

df = 8

t-ratio = 0.18

Decision = Hypothesis Accepted To determine if there is a significant difference on the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives of the male and female parents the T-test was computed. The computation shows that the t-ratio is 0.18 which is less than the table value of 2.306 at a 0.05 level of significance. This implies that there is no significant difference in the perception of the respondents on the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang objectives; therefore the null hypothesis is accepted. Table 19. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Conditionalities according to the gender. Male (N) =34 Female (N) =45 Group

Mean

Standard Deviation (SD)

Male

4.75

0.10

Female

4.73

0.012

Tt-ratio = 0.05 = 2.306

df = 8

t-ratio = 0.33

Decision = Hypothesis Accepted T To determine if there is significant difference on the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities of the male and female parents the T-test was computed.

61

As shown in the table, the computed value of t-ratio is 0.33 which is less than the table value of 2.306 at a 0.05 level of significance. In this connection, the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variable is accepted. Table 20. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the extent of utilization of cash grants according to the gender. T

Male (N) =34 Female (N) =45 Group

Mean

Standard Deviation (SD)

Male

2.52

1.3

Female

2.61

1.18

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.086

df = 20

t-ratio = 0.17

Decision = Hypothesis Accepted

T

To determine if there is significant difference on the extent of utilization of the cash grants of the male and female parents the T-test was computed. The computed value of t-ratio is 0.17 which is less than the table value of 2.086 at a 0.05 level of significance. This means that there is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the extent of utilization of the cash grants; therefore the null hypothesis is accepted. Table 21. Shows the Summary of the T-Test on the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions according to the gender.

Male (N) =34 Female (N) =45 Group

Mean

Standard Deviation (SD)

62

Male

1.82

0.45

Female

1.85

0.35

t-ratio = 0.05 = 2.120

df = 16

t-ratio = 0.16

Decision = Hypothesis Accepted

To determine if there is significant difference on the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the male and female parents to attend Family Development Sessions the T-test was computed. The t-ratio yield 0.16 which is less than the tabular value of 2.120 at a 0.05 level of significance. This reveals that there is no significance in the perceptions of the respondents on the level of seriousness of the male and female parents; therefore the null hypothesis is accepted.

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ENDNOTES: 1

http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/

2

suven.hubpages.com

3

http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio

4

http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls

5

https://www.google.com.ph/

6

http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/

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Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and recommendations offered by the researcher. Summary This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, and year 2012-2013. Answers to the following specific questions were sought: 1. What is the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) objectives as perceived by the parent-beneficiaries? 1.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of male parent and female parent? 2. What is the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the respondents? 2.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variables? 3. What is the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents? 3.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the variables? 4. What is the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the

respondents to

attend Family Development Sessions? 4.1 Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of

the respondents

regarding the factors that hinder them to attend Family Development Sessions? The researcher was guided by the following null hypothesis: 1. The objectives stated by the program are moderately effective as perceived by the parent-beneficiaries.

65

1.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of male parent and female parent. 2. The perceptions of the parent-beneficiaries manifested moderately extent of the attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities. 2.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variables. 3. The extent of utilization of cash grants is very often as perceived by the respondents. 3.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the variables. 4. The level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions is not serious. 4.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents regarding the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions along the variables. This study was delimited to all the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, year 2012-2013. Data for this investigation were gathered with the use of questionnaire which was pre-tested among the parent-beneficiaries of Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet. Ranking and weighted mean were used by the researcher to describe the extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) objectives, extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities, extent of utilization of cash grants and the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions.

66

The T-test was employed to determine the significant differences if any, in the perceptions of the respondents along the variables of the male and female parents.

Findings Extent of effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) objectives as perceived by the respondents. The parent-beneficiaries in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet claimed that the objectives of 4Ps was very much effective (VME) as evidenced by its mean of 4.45.In the light of the variables of gender respondents did not show significant differences in their perceptions. Extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities as perceived by the respondents. As asserted by the respondents, the 4Ps conditionalities are very much attained (VMA) as manifested by its mean of 4.40. The variables did not affect the perceptions of the respondents under this area. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents. In the overall, the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the respondents is found to be seldom as manifested by its mean of 2.58. The variables of gender respondents did not show significant differences in their perceptions. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents attend the Family Development Sessions In the overall, the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the respondents is found to be less serious as manifested by its mean of 1.84.

Conclusions In the light of the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) objectives as perceived by the respondents in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet are very much effective (VME).

67

1.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of effectiveness of the objectives along the variables of male parent and female parent. 2. The parents claimed that the 4Ps conditionalities are very much attained (VMA). 2.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of attainment of the 4Ps conditionalities along the variables. 3. The utilization of cash grants by the respondents is found to be seldom. 3.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents as to the extent of utilization of cash grants along the variables. 4. The level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions is found to be less serious. 4.1 There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the respondents regarding the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions along the variables.

Recommendations The following recommendations are given: 1. The beneficiaries should work hard and send their children to school to benefit from the program and to have a better life. 2. The parent-beneficiaries should have their check-up regularly to detect illnesses and prevent family health at an early stage. 3. Parent-beneficiaries should vigilantly follow the conditions of parent beneficiaries set by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the education of their children. 4. The parent beneficiaries need to help themselves by not depending solely on the grant and by finding or improving means of livelihood to augment family income.

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5. The cash grants should be utilized solely for the basic needs intended by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. 6. It is recommended that similar study should be done by the future researchers to investigate/conduct related problems for improvement or search for a solution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books Minerva A. Gonzalez, Teaching Strategies II, p.325 Ed-Ha, The modern of Encyclopedia of Baby Care and Child Care, Vol. 4, p.281-283 Angelina Camacho – Regoso, Health Your Happiness, p.43 B. Websites www.gov.ph http//www.car.dswd.gov.ph www.pantawid.dswd.gov.ph

69 http://dictionary.reference.com/ Microsoft® Encarta® 2008 excell.csc.gov.ph/ENEWS/ http://www.studymode.com/ http://www.papercamp.com/ http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/ suven.hubpages.com/ http.//pantawid.dswd.gov./index.ph http://www.investopedia.com//b/beneficiary.asp http://pantawid.dswd.gov.php/index.php/4ps-systems/update-system http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Alinio http://www.myspace.com/jenniferdolls https://www.google.com.ph/ http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/ http://www.gilcamporazorandomthoughts.info/2012/06/ph-pantawid-pamilya-actionteam-role.htm and http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=151352262178

C. Others Pantawid Pamilya Guide Booklet, p.30-35 Handouts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Interview with Mrs. Mary Ann F. Camsol, Municipal Link Interview with Mr. Marlon B. Baso, Social Worker III

70

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Republic of the Philippines Cordillera istrative Region Benguet Division Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School Benguet State University Consurtium Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

November 29, 2012

71

ORLANDO H. GORIO The Barangay Chairman Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet Sir: I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFECIARES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR 2012-2013.This is in partial fulfillment for the course Professional Educational 34 (Educational Research 2). In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to ister my questionnaires to the 4P‟s parents‟ of Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet. Thank you very much. The identities of the respondents shall be kept confidential. Very truly yours, RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher Noted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher Approved: ORLANDO H. GORIO Barangay Chairman APPENDIX B Republic of the Philippines Cordillera istrative Region Benguet Division Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School Benguet State University Consurtium Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

72

November 29, 2012

Dear respondents: The

undersigned

“PERCEPTIONS

OF

is

conducting

a

research

survey

PARENT-BENEFICIARIES

entitled

TOWARDS

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR 2012-2013. In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation and assistance in the data gathering by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer all questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that your answer will be kept in strict confidence. Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated. Thank you very much and God bless.

Very truly yours, RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher APPENDIX C Republic of the Philippines Cordillera istrative Region Benguet Division Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School In ConsurtiumwithBenguet State University Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet November 21, 2012 ALEX T. MENCIO The Barangay Chairman

73

Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet Sir: I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFECIARIES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR 2012-2013. This is in partial fulfillment of the subject Educational Research II. In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to pilot my questionnaires to test its reliability and validity to the 4Ps parent-beneficiaries of Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet. It will be assured that the result of this study will be for research purposes only. Your favorable action regarding this matter is highly appreciated. Very truly yours, RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher Noted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher Approved: ALEX T. MENCIO Barangay Chairman APPENDIX D Republic of the Philippines Cordillera istrative Region Benguet Division Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School Benguet State University Consurtium Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

November 21, 2012

74

Dear respondents: The

undersigned

“PERCEPTIONS

OF

is

conducting

a

research

PARENT-BENEFECIARIES

survey

entitled

TOWARDS

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET, YEAR 2012-2013. In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation to test the reliability of my questions by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer all questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that your answer will be kept in strict confidence. Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated. Thank you very much and God bless.

Very truly yours, RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher APPENDIX E The Questionnaire Personal Information: Name (Optional):______________

Gender: Male __ Female__

I. EXTENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM OBJECTIVES Direction: Below are list of 4Ps objectives. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps objectives given whether it is rated as:

75

5 - Very Much Effective (VME) 4 – Much Effective (ME) 3 – Moderately Effective (MDE) 2 – Slightly Effective (SE) 1 - Not Effective (NE)

4Ps Objectives

VME 5

ME 4

MDE 3

SE 2

NE 1

1. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children 2. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school 3. Reduce the incidence of child labor 4. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5. Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities

II. EXTENT OF ATTAINMENT OF THE PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM CONDITIONALITIES Direction: Below are list of 4Ps conditionalities. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps conditionalities given whether it is rated as: 5 – Very Much Attained (VMA) 4 – Much Attained (MA) 3 – Moderately Attained (MDA) 2 – Less Attained (LA) 1 – Not Attained (NA)

76

4Ps Conditionalities

VMA MA MDA LA NA 5 4 3 2 1

1. Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines 4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time 5. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time III. EXTENT OF UTILIZATION OF CASH GRANTS Direction: Below are list of our needs and wants of the children. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of our needs and wants of the children given whether it is rated as: 5 – Always (A) 4 – Very Often (VO) 3 –Often (O) 2 – Seldom (S) 1 – Never (N)

Needs and Wants 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Food Medicines Water Clothes Transportations Shoes

A 5

VO 4

O 3

S 2

N 1

77

7. Sandals 8. Slippers 9. School supplies 10. Toys 11. Dolls IV. LEVEL OF SERIOUSNESS OF THE FACTORS THAT HINDERS THE RESPONDENTS TO ATTAIN SEMINARS/ MEETINGS Direction: Below are list of factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of the factors given whether it is rated as: 5 - Very Serious (VS) 4 - Quite Serious (QS) 3 - Moderately Serious (MDS) 2 – Less Serious (LS) 1 – Not Serious (NS)

Factors

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

VS 5

QS 4

MD S 3

LS 2

NS 1

Poor Vision Poor Hearing Too much engagement of activities Sickly Insecurity Shyness Easily get bored Low intelligence Weather

APPENDIX F Summary of Testing the Reliability of the Questionnaire I.

Indicators 1. 2.

AWM Pre-Test

Rank Pre-Test

AWM Post-Test

Rank Post-Test

RD

RD2

4.08 4.20

2 1

4.35 4.27

1 2

1 -1

1 1

78

3. 4. 5.

3.39 3.99 3.68

5 3 4

3.72 3.96 4.20

5 4 3

0 -1 1

0 1 1__ ∑d2=4

Indicators

AWM Pre-Test

Rank Pre-Test

AWM Post-Test

Rank Post-Test

RD

RD2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

4.28 4.61 4.05 3.96 4.30

3 1 4 5 2

4.46 4.57 4.16 4.03 4.27

2 1 4 5 3

1 0 0 0 -1

1 0 0 0 1__ ∑d2=2

II.

III. Indicators

AWM Pre-Test

Rank Pre-Test

AWM Post-Test

Rank Post-Test

RD

RD2

1. 2. 3. 4.

4.32 3.47 2.31 2.89

2 4 8 5

4.51 3.46 2.09 2.97

2 4 7 5

0 0 1 0

0 0 1 0

79

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11.

2.49 2.03 2.36 3.72 4.65 1.54 1.36

6 9 7 3 1 10 11

2.43 1.91 2.03 4.05 4.66 1.53 1.36

6 9 8 3 1 10 11

0 0 -1 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0__ ∑d2=2

Indicators

AWM Pre-Test

Rank Pre-Test

AWM Post-Test

Rank Post-Test

RD

RD2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

2.49 1.97 3.5 2.11 2.01 1.78 2.41 2 2.18

2 8 1 5 6 9 3 7 4

2.49 1.93 3.43 2.11 2.05 1.70 2.47 2.05 2.14

2 8 1 5 6.5 9 3 6.5 4

0 0 0 0 -0.5 0 0 0.5 0

0 0 1 0 0.25 0 1 0.25 ___0___ ∑d2=0.5

IV.

80

Respondents: Seventy four (74) male and female parents of Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

APPENDIX G Computation of T- Test I. 4Ps Objectives

Male Parents (34)

Female Parents (45)

X1

X12

X2

X22

4.5

20.25

4.71

22.18

1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and

81

young children 2. Increase the enrollment and

4.47

19.98

4.62

21.34

4.38

19.18

4.31

18.58

4.03

16.24

4.28

18.32

4.65

21.62

4.58

20.98

∑ X1=22.03

∑ X12=92.27

∑ X2=22.5

∑ X22= 101.4

attendance rate of children in school 3. Reduce the incidence of child labor 4. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households 5. Encourage parents to invest in their children‟s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities

Solutions:

√

√

82

II. 4Ps Conditionalities

√

√

√

Male Parents (34)

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

Female Parents (45)

83

1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional 2. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers‟ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars 3. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check- ups and vaccines 4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time 5. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time

X1

X12

X2

X22

4.62

21.34

4.64

21.53

4.68

21.90

4.6

21.16

4.88

23.81

4.73

22.37

4.74

22.47

4.76

22.66

4.85

23.52

4.93

24.30

∑ X1= 23.77 ∑ X12= 113.04

∑ X2= 23.66 ∑ X22= 112.02

84

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√ 0.12

√

√

√

√

√

III. Needs and

Male Parents (34)

Female Parents (45)

85

Wants

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Food Medicines Water Clothes Transportations 6. Shoes 7. Sandals 8. Slippers 9. School supplies 10.Toys 11. Dolls

X1

X12

X2

X22

4.85 3.56 2.24 2.06 1.74

23.52 12.67 5.02 4.24 3.03

4.69 3.27 2.38 2.64 1.76

21.100 10.70 5.66 6.97 3.10

1.44 1.47 2.94 4.65

2.07 2.16 8.64 21.62

1.51 1.62 3.42 4.51

2.28 2.62 11.70 20.34

1.38 1.41 ∑ X1= 27.74

1.90 1.4 1.99 1.49 2 ∑ X1 = 86.86 ∑ X2= 28.69

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√ 1.18

1.96 2.22 ∑ X22= 88.65

86

√

√

√

√

√

IV. Factors

1. Poor Vision 2. Poor Hearing 3. Too much engagement of activities 4. Sickly 5. Insecurity 6. Shyness 7. Easily get bored 8. Low intelligence 9. Weather

Male Parents (34)

Female Parents (45)

X1

X12

X2

X22

1.94 1.79

3.76 3.20

2.02 1.89

4.08 3.57

2.85

8.12

2.64

6.97

1.94 1.38 1.47 1.62

3.76 1.90 2.16 2.62

1.67 1.64 1.69 1.49

2.79 2.69 2.86 2.22

1.47

2.16

1.69

2.86

1.88 3.53 1.93 3.72 2 ∑ X1= 16.34 ∑ X1 = 31.21 ∑ X2= 16.66 ∑ X22= 31.76

87

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

APPENDIX H Curriculum Vitae

88

Name: RONALIZA B. VILLA Age: 24 YEARS OLD Birth date: JUNE 8, 1988 Address: 152, NALBENGAN, CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET Gender: FEMALE Status: SINGLE Height: 4” 11’ Weight: 45 KGS. Name of Father: DARIUS VILLA Sr. Name of Mother: BENILDA VILLA

Educational Background School Graduated

Address of the School Graduated

School Year

Balakbak, Elementary School

Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

2001

Governor BadoDangwa Agro-Industrial School

Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet

2005

89

90

91

92

93

94