Brain To Brain Communication 6g2l13

BRAIN TO BRAIN COMMUNICATION

Contents 2

 Introduction

 Brain to Brain Communication Block Diagram  Human Brain  Brain Waves in EEG  Brain-Computer Interface  Computer-Brain Interface  Transcarnial Magnetic Stimulation  Experiment  Side Effects  Conclusion

INTRODUCTION 3

 Telepathy Can Communicate without any physical connection  10 % of the brain  More than 10 %...???? 

 Basic idea Brain Computer Interface (BCI)  Computer Brain Interface (CBI)  Can transmit the data from one brain to another brain 

Brain to Brain Communication Block Diagram 4

Sender

BCI

Receiver

Internet

 BCI- Brain-Computer Interface  CBI- Computer-Brain Interface

CBI

Human Brain 5

Different types of Brain waves in EEG 6

Rhythm

Frequency Amplitude (Hz) (uV)

Recording & Location

Alpha(α)

8 – 13

50 – 100

Adults, rest, eyes closed. Occipital region

Beta(β)

14 - 30

20

Adult, mental activity Frontal region

Theta(θ)

5–7

Above 50

Children, drowsy adult, emotional distress Occipital

Delta(δ)

2–4

Above 50

Children in sleep

Brain Waves Pattern 7

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Functions of Each Part Each cerebral hemisphere is formed of four lobes: •

Frontal lobe: contains motor area.

•

Parietal lobe: contains sensory area.

•

Temporal lobe: contains area of hearing & memory.

•

Occipital lobe: contains area of vision

10 /20 % system of EEG electrode placement 9

EEG electrode placement 10

BCI-System 11

BCI Approaches 12

BCI Approaches Cntd. 13

 Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces implanted directly into the brain and has the highest quality signals.  provide functionality to paralyzed people. 

 Partially Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces 

implanted inside the skull but outside the brain.

 Non Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces 

gives a patient the ability to move muscle implants and restore partial movement

CBI System 14

Computer

TMS

Brain

Transcarnial Magnetic stimulation (TMS) 15

 A noninvasive method to cause depolarization or

hyperpolarization in the neurons of the brain  causes small electrical currents that stimulate nerve cells in the targeted brain region.  causes a change in the transmembrane current of the neuron, which leads to the depolarization or hyperpolarization of the neuron and the firing of an action potential

Depolarization 16

 depolarization is a positive-going change in

a cell's membrane potential  Depolarization is often caused by influx of cations, efflux of K+ through K+ channels inhibits depolarization  a cell has a resting potential of –70mV, once the membrane potential changes to – 50mV

TMS Block-Diagram 17

From the Biot–Savart law Control Signal

Maxwell-Faraday equation

Experimental Setup of TMS 18

Experimental Set-up of B2B 19

Rajesh Rao & Andrea Stocco University of Washington 20

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Sender Side •

The task involves saving a "city“.

•

getting hit by rockets fired by a "pirate ship“.

•

the subjects must fire a "cannon" located at the lower center portion of the screen.

 electrodes placed over the left hemisphere

at standard locations  Laplacian spatial filter is used to reduce artifacts

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Receiver Side •

over the part of the Receiver’s brain that controls the wrist and fingers.

•

a muscle twitch and upward hand movement, typically resulting in the space bar being hit as a result and firing the cannon in the Sender's computer game.

• hit the blue circular target- Sender has

engaged in motor imagery. • sends a stimulation pulse to the Receiver. • stimulation is induced indirectly through the changing magnetic field. • over the part of the Receiver’s brain that controls the wrist and fingers.

• A friendly supply plane may move from right to left instead of a pirate rocket. • The Sender must in this case rest rather than engage in imagery.

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Side Effects 24

Common side effects  TMS often causes minor short-term side effects.  Headache  Lightheadedness Uncommon side effects  Seizures  Hearing loss due to inadequate ear protection during treatment

Conclusion 25

 To allow two persons to cooperatively solve a task via

direct brain-to-brain transfer of information.  a great benefit to the people who cannot speak and even blink  send words, images and thoughts directly to the minds of others, particularly people with a disability.

REFERENCES 26 WEB SOURCES: [1]. http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~rao/brain2brain/experiment.html [2]. http://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy?page=2 [3]. http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/08/27/researcher-controls-colleagues-motions-in-1st-

human-brain-to-brain-interface/ [4]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNRDc714W5I [5]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2737532/Could-soon-send-emails-telepathicallyScientist-transmits-message-mind-colleague-5-000-miles-away-using-brain-waves.html [6]. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2013/10/25/mind-meld-future-of-brain-to-braincommunication/ [7].http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0105225 [8]. http://www.gizmag.com/brain-brain-communication-rats-duke/26454/ [9]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93p7oDkA5WA

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