Chapter 11 Section 1 402n3q

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 

MONDAY – MARCH 10TH, 2014 Grab the notes as you enter  Agenda 

Test scores!  Notes – Chapter 11 Section 1 

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NEW! VOCAB 

Questions – At the end of our notes

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How did Justinian try to preserve the Roman way of life? Why did the Byzantine empire collapse? Why did Christianity divide in Rome?

CHAPTER 11: BYZANTINES, RUSSIAN AND TURKS

MAIN IDEA: Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish cultures develop, while Christian and Islamic societies fight over religious issues and territory.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can interaction between cultures both benefit and impair the advancement of a civilization?

CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1 The Byzantine Empire

SECTION 1: BREAKING IT DOWN MAIN

IDEA: AFTER ROME SPLIT, THE EASTERN EMPIRE, KNOWN AS BYZANTIUM, FLOURISHED FOR A THOUSAND YEARS. WHY

IT MATTERS NOW: BYZANTINE CULTURE DEEPLY INFLUENCED ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, A MAJOR BRANCH OF MODERN CHRISTIANITY.

SETTING THE STAGE After the collapse of Rome Germanic tribes took over Rome  Divided into E and W empires – 330AD 

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E empire was Byzantium

398 AD – Rome was split – E Emperors still wanted control of all  Byzantium would carry on the legacy of Rome 

A NEW ROME IN A NEW SETTING  The

Eastern Roman Empire

Roman Empire officially divides into East and West in 395  Eastern Empire flourishes; becomes known as Byzantium  Justinian becomes emperor of Byzantium in 527  His armies reconquer much of former Roman territory  Byzantine emperors head state and church; use brutal politics 

LIFE IN THE NEW ROME  New

Laws for the Empire

Justinian seeks to revise and update laws for governing the empire  Justinian Code—new set of laws consisting of four main parts  Code regulates much of Byzantine life; lasts for 900 years 

JUSTINIAN CODE OF LAW 1. THE CODE CONTAINED NEARLY 5,000 ROMAN LAWS, WHICH THE EXPERTS STILL CONSIDERED USEFUL FOR THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. 2. THE DIGEST QUOTED AND SUMMARIZED THE OPINIONS OF ROME’S GREATEST LEGALTHINKERS ABOUT THE LAWS. THIS MASSIVE WORK RAN TO A TOTAL OF 50 VOLUMES. 3. THE INSTITUTES WAS A TEXTBOOK THAT TOLD LAW STUDENTS HOW TO USE THE LAWS. 4. THE NOVELLAE (NEW LAWS) PRESENTED LEGISLATION ED AFTER 534.

CONTINUED 

Creating the Imperial Capital   

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Justinian launches program to beautify capital, Constantinople Constructs new buildings; builds magnificent church, Hagia Sophia Byzantines preserve Greco-Roman culture and learning

Constantinople’s Hectic Pace City becomes trading hub with major marketplace  Giant Hippodrome offers chariot races and other entertainment  Racing fans start riots in 532; government restores order violently  Empress Theodora—powerful wife and adviser to Justinian 

THE EMPIRE FALLS  Years 

Justinian dies in 565; empire faces many crises after his death

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of Turmoil

Plague of Justinian

Bubonic plague repeatedly sweeps empire; kills many residents

 Attacks

from East and West

Byzantium faces attacks from many different groups  Empire survives through bribery, diplomacy, and military power  Constantinople falls in 1453; brings an end to Byzantine Empire 

THE CHURCH DIVIDES 

A Religious Split   

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Christianity develops differently in Eastern and Western Roman Empires Two churches disagree over many issues, including use of icons Icons are religious images used to aid in prayer Leading bishop of Eastern Christianity known as patriarch In the West, pope excommunicated emperor— banished him from the Church

A Religious Split Pope and patriarch excommunicate each other over religious doctrines  Eastern and Western churches officially split in 1054  West—Roman Catholic Church; East—Orthodox Church 

THE CHURCH DIVIDED  Byzantine

Missionaries Convert the Slavs Eastern Orthodox missionaries seek to convert northern peoples, Slavs  Missionaries create Cyrillic alphabet—basis of many Slavic languages  Alphabet enables many groups to read the Bible 

ROMAN CATHOLIC VS. EASTERN ORTHODOX

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How did Justinian try to preserve the Roman way of life?  Why did the Byzantine empire collapse?  Why did Christianity divide in Rome? 

SECTION 1 QUESTIONS 1.

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What were the names and characteristics of the four parts of the Justinian Code? What were some important features of life in Constantinople? Which peoples attacked the Byzantine Empire? What part of the empire did they invade? What two main religions emerged out of the split in the Christian Church? How were they similar/different? In what ways did the Byzantine Empire interact with different cultures? Did this help or hurt them?