Chapter 6 Section 1 And 2 1g42d
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Grab the note packet as you enter and a book (by pencil sharpener) Rabbit-Rabbit Map Quiz – Tuesday Agenda for today ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Syllabus – Due MONDAY! NOTES - Chapter 6 Section 1 Complete ―flow chart‖ worksheet Work on MAPS!! Have a great weekend
Introduction to Leadership examines the characteristics and principles of various leadership philosophies. Students will study the ideology behind different leadership styles, and then examine the effectiveness of those approaches as they apply to various people and aspects of society such as the government, the military, nonprofit organizations, and the corporate world. In addition, students will evaluate their own leadership style, their personal strengths and weaknesses, and determine what approach to leadership they believe is most effective in the world today.
The Roman Republic
Main Idea: ◦ The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.
Why it Matters: ◦ Some of the most fundamental values and institutions of Western civilization began in the Roman Republic.
Essential Questions ◦ How did geography influence Rome’s Development? ◦ How did the Punic Wars help increase Roman Power?
What were the advantages of Rome’s location?
Rome’s Geography
◦ Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location ◦ Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea ◦ Built on seven hills on Tiber River
The First Romans
◦ Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region ◦ Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C. ◦ Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization
How is the early Roman republic similar to the system of governing we have in the United States?
Early Rulers
Patricians and Plebeians
◦ Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome ◦ Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers ◦ Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king in 509 B.C. ◦ Romans found a republic—government in which citizens elect leaders ◦ Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic ◦ Patricians —wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power ◦ Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule ◦ Tribunes —elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights
How is the early Roman republic similar to the system of governing we have in the United States?
Twelve Tables
Government Under the Republic
◦ In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets ◦ They become basis for later Roman law ◦ Laws give right of all free citizens protection of the law ◦ Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners ◦ Rome elects two consuls — tly rule republic - one to lead army, one to direct government ◦ Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness ◦ Senate —chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy ◦ Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
Why do you think the Romans gave full citizenship to conquered people living close to Rome?
Rome Conquers Italy
Rome’s Commercial Network
War with Carthage
Rome Triumphs
◦ Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south ◦ By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula ◦ Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow ◦ Rome establishes large trading network ◦ Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes ◦ Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome ◦ Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars —three wars between 264–146 B.C. ◦ Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war ◦ Hannibal —Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War ◦ Attacks Italy through Spain and , doesn’t take Rome ◦ Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C. ◦ Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149– 146 B.C.)
How did geography influence Rome’s Development? How did the Punic Wars help increase Roman Power?
Syllabus due Rabbit-Rabbit Super Bowl Agenda ◦ Notes – 6-2 and 5 ◦ Worksheet ◦ Map – Quiz tomorrow
The Roman Empire
Main Idea: ◦ The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture.
Why it Matters: ◦ The Roman Empire has served throughout history as a model of political organization and control.
Essential Questions ◦ What problems did the Republic Face? ◦ What events led to the creation of the Roman Empire? ◦ Describe the empire’s economy and government
Economic Turmoil
Military Upheaval
Julius Caesar Takes Control
◦ Gap between rich and poor widens as Roman Republic grows ◦ Farmers, former soldiers, lose to large estates; become homeless ◦ Civil war—conflict between groups within same countrybegins ◦ Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal ◦ Soldiers recruited from poor; show loyalty only to their generals ◦ Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C. ◦ Caesar, Crassus, Pompey form a triumvirate—a group of three rulers ◦ Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity ◦ Pompey fears Caesar’s challenges him ◦ Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies ◦ Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.
Caesar’s Reforms
Beginning of the Empire
◦ Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor ◦ Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on March 15, 44 B.C. ◦ 43 B.C., Caesar’s ers take control; become Second Triumvirate ◦ Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus alliance ends in jealousy, violence ◦ In 31 B.C., Mark Antony and Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at Actium ◦ Octavian accepts title of Augustus, ―exalted one,‖ and rules Rome
Pax Romana
◦ Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler
◦ Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana
A Sound Government
◦ Augustus, Rome’s ablest ruler, creates lasting system of government glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings
Agriculture and Trade
◦ Agriculture most important industry in empire; 90% of Romans farm ◦ Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier ◦ Rome has vast trading network, includes China and India, Persia, Russia
Slaves and Captivity
Gods and Goddesses
Society and Culture
◦ Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in both cities and farms ◦ Some slaves become gladiators; forced to fight to death
◦ Early Romans honor guardian spirits and gods Jupiter, Juno, Minerva and the emperor ◦ Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government ◦ 150 holidays and Coliseum events created to control the masses
What problems did the Republic Face? What events led to the creation of the Roman Empire? Describe the empire’s economy and government Assignment (Choose 1 of the following) ◦ With a group of 2-3, imagine you are the ―modern‖ Roman consuls (or triumvirate) and create a ―modern‖ event poster that you will use to ―control the masses‖. ◦ In a group of 2, construct a ½ page letter to someone of power (President, Senator, etc.) warning them of the problems that can arise with a wide gap between the rich and the poor. Include Rome in your letter but apply it to our country today.
Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Main Idea: The Romans develop many ideas
and institutions that become fundamental to Western Civilization. Why it Matters: Evidence of Roman culture is found throughout Europe and North America and in Asia and Africa.
A New Culture Emerges ◦ Romans adopt aspects of Greek and Hellenistic culture ◦ Results in Greco-Roman culture, or classical civilization
Roman Fine Arts ◦ Romans develop bas-relief sculptures to tell stories ◦ Artists skilled in creating mosaics, painting frescoes ◦ Pompeii—Roman town; ash from volcano eruption A.D. 79 preserves art
Learning and Literature ◦ Romans borrow from Greek philosophy and literature ◦ Poet Virgil writes epic Aeneid modeled after Homer’s Greek epics ◦ Roman historian Tacitus excels in writing factually accurate history ◦ Annals and Histories provide comprehensive look at Roman life
The Latin Language ◦ Latin was official language of Roman Catholic Church until 1900s ◦ Develops into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian ◦ More than half the words in English stem from Latin
Master Builders ◦ Romans pioneer use of arch; also used domes and concrete ◦ Create aqueducts—structures to bring water into cities, towns
Roman System of Law ◦ Principles of Roman law form basis of modern legal systems
Rome’s Enduring Influence ◦ By preserving and adding to Greek civilization, Rome strengthened the Western cultural tradition
Grab the note packet as you enter and a book (by pencil sharpener) Rabbit-Rabbit Map Quiz – Tuesday Agenda for today ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Syllabus – Due MONDAY! NOTES - Chapter 6 Section 1 Complete ―flow chart‖ worksheet Work on MAPS!! Have a great weekend
Introduction to Leadership examines the characteristics and principles of various leadership philosophies. Students will study the ideology behind different leadership styles, and then examine the effectiveness of those approaches as they apply to various people and aspects of society such as the government, the military, nonprofit organizations, and the corporate world. In addition, students will evaluate their own leadership style, their personal strengths and weaknesses, and determine what approach to leadership they believe is most effective in the world today.
The Roman Republic
Main Idea: ◦ The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.
Why it Matters: ◦ Some of the most fundamental values and institutions of Western civilization began in the Roman Republic.
Essential Questions ◦ How did geography influence Rome’s Development? ◦ How did the Punic Wars help increase Roman Power?
What were the advantages of Rome’s location?
Rome’s Geography
◦ Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location ◦ Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea ◦ Built on seven hills on Tiber River
The First Romans
◦ Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region ◦ Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C. ◦ Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization
How is the early Roman republic similar to the system of governing we have in the United States?
Early Rulers
Patricians and Plebeians
◦ Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome ◦ Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers ◦ Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king in 509 B.C. ◦ Romans found a republic—government in which citizens elect leaders ◦ Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic ◦ Patricians —wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power ◦ Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule ◦ Tribunes —elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights
How is the early Roman republic similar to the system of governing we have in the United States?
Twelve Tables
Government Under the Republic
◦ In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets ◦ They become basis for later Roman law ◦ Laws give right of all free citizens protection of the law ◦ Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners ◦ Rome elects two consuls — tly rule republic - one to lead army, one to direct government ◦ Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness ◦ Senate —chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy ◦ Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
Why do you think the Romans gave full citizenship to conquered people living close to Rome?
Rome Conquers Italy
Rome’s Commercial Network
War with Carthage
Rome Triumphs
◦ Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south ◦ By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula ◦ Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow ◦ Rome establishes large trading network ◦ Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes ◦ Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome ◦ Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars —three wars between 264–146 B.C. ◦ Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war ◦ Hannibal —Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War ◦ Attacks Italy through Spain and , doesn’t take Rome ◦ Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C. ◦ Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149– 146 B.C.)
How did geography influence Rome’s Development? How did the Punic Wars help increase Roman Power?
Syllabus due Rabbit-Rabbit Super Bowl Agenda ◦ Notes – 6-2 and 5 ◦ Worksheet ◦ Map – Quiz tomorrow
The Roman Empire
Main Idea: ◦ The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture.
Why it Matters: ◦ The Roman Empire has served throughout history as a model of political organization and control.
Essential Questions ◦ What problems did the Republic Face? ◦ What events led to the creation of the Roman Empire? ◦ Describe the empire’s economy and government
Economic Turmoil
Military Upheaval
Julius Caesar Takes Control
◦ Gap between rich and poor widens as Roman Republic grows ◦ Farmers, former soldiers, lose to large estates; become homeless ◦ Civil war—conflict between groups within same countrybegins ◦ Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal ◦ Soldiers recruited from poor; show loyalty only to their generals ◦ Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C. ◦ Caesar, Crassus, Pompey form a triumvirate—a group of three rulers ◦ Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity ◦ Pompey fears Caesar’s challenges him ◦ Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies ◦ Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.
Caesar’s Reforms
Beginning of the Empire
◦ Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor ◦ Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on March 15, 44 B.C. ◦ 43 B.C., Caesar’s ers take control; become Second Triumvirate ◦ Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus alliance ends in jealousy, violence ◦ In 31 B.C., Mark Antony and Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at Actium ◦ Octavian accepts title of Augustus, ―exalted one,‖ and rules Rome
Pax Romana
◦ Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler
◦ Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana
A Sound Government
◦ Augustus, Rome’s ablest ruler, creates lasting system of government glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings
Agriculture and Trade
◦ Agriculture most important industry in empire; 90% of Romans farm ◦ Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier ◦ Rome has vast trading network, includes China and India, Persia, Russia
Slaves and Captivity
Gods and Goddesses
Society and Culture
◦ Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in both cities and farms ◦ Some slaves become gladiators; forced to fight to death
◦ Early Romans honor guardian spirits and gods Jupiter, Juno, Minerva and the emperor ◦ Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government ◦ 150 holidays and Coliseum events created to control the masses
What problems did the Republic Face? What events led to the creation of the Roman Empire? Describe the empire’s economy and government Assignment (Choose 1 of the following) ◦ With a group of 2-3, imagine you are the ―modern‖ Roman consuls (or triumvirate) and create a ―modern‖ event poster that you will use to ―control the masses‖. ◦ In a group of 2, construct a ½ page letter to someone of power (President, Senator, etc.) warning them of the problems that can arise with a wide gap between the rich and the poor. Include Rome in your letter but apply it to our country today.
Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Main Idea: The Romans develop many ideas
and institutions that become fundamental to Western Civilization. Why it Matters: Evidence of Roman culture is found throughout Europe and North America and in Asia and Africa.
A New Culture Emerges ◦ Romans adopt aspects of Greek and Hellenistic culture ◦ Results in Greco-Roman culture, or classical civilization
Roman Fine Arts ◦ Romans develop bas-relief sculptures to tell stories ◦ Artists skilled in creating mosaics, painting frescoes ◦ Pompeii—Roman town; ash from volcano eruption A.D. 79 preserves art
Learning and Literature ◦ Romans borrow from Greek philosophy and literature ◦ Poet Virgil writes epic Aeneid modeled after Homer’s Greek epics ◦ Roman historian Tacitus excels in writing factually accurate history ◦ Annals and Histories provide comprehensive look at Roman life
The Latin Language ◦ Latin was official language of Roman Catholic Church until 1900s ◦ Develops into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian ◦ More than half the words in English stem from Latin
Master Builders ◦ Romans pioneer use of arch; also used domes and concrete ◦ Create aqueducts—structures to bring water into cities, towns
Roman System of Law ◦ Principles of Roman law form basis of modern legal systems
Rome’s Enduring Influence ◦ By preserving and adding to Greek civilization, Rome strengthened the Western cultural tradition
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