Chapter 7- Urinary System 583u

Chapter 7 Urinary System The Language of Medicine

When proteins combine with oxygen they produce nitrogenous wastes that consist of urea, creatinine and uric acids. The kidneys - filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine (water, salts and acids) - maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes and acids - secretes renin which is important for adjusting blood pressure - secrete erythropoietin (stimulates production of red blood cells) - secrete vitamin D for absorption of calcium from the intestine - degrade and extract parathyroid and insulin hormones

Production of urine: Aorta - renal arteries - arterioles - capillaries (glomerulus) filteration (water, sugar, salt, urea, creatinine and uric acid) - bowman capsule (surrounding each glomerulus) - renal tubule ( glomerulus +renal tublule = nephron) renal tubules – renal pelvis – calyces or calices (small cuplike regions of the renal pelvis) -ureters urinary bladder – urethra – urinary meatus Caliectasis Dilation of the calyx (cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis) Caliceal Pertaining to the calyx Cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder Cystectomy Excision of the urinary bladder Cystostomy Surgical Opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Glomerular Pertaining to the glomerulus Meatal stenosis Narrowing of the meatus Meatotomy Incision of the meatus Paranephric Pertaining to near the kidney Nephropathy Disease condition of the kidney Nephroptosis Abnormal descent/sagging of a kidney into the pelvis on standing Nephrolithotomy Incision of a kidney to remove a stone Nephrosclerosis Hardening of arteries in a kidney

Hydronephrosis Swelling/distention of the renal pelvis and calices with urine due to obstruction of a ureter Nephrostomy Opening from the kidney to the outside of the body Pyelolithotomy Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone Pyelogram Record of the renal pelvis and ureters after injecting a contrast material Renal ischemia Deficiency of blood flow to a kidney due to obstruction of arteries Renal colic Kidney pain because of inflammation or calculi in a kidney or a ureter Trigonitis Inflammation of the trigone (region of the bladder)

Uretroplasty Surgical repair of a ureter Ureterolithotomy Incision of a ureter to remove a stone Uretroileostomy A new opening of the ureters to an isolated portion of the ileum that has been removed and connected to the outside of the body for age of urine to the outside of the body when the urinary bladder is not functioning Urethritis Inflammation of the urethra Urethroplasty Surgical repair of the urethra Urethral stricture Abnormal narrowing of the urethra Perivesical Pertaining to around the urinary bladder Vesicoureteral reflux Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters

Albuminuria Presence of albumin in urine Azotemia An excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood; also called uremia Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine Polydipsia Excessive thirst Ketosis Accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the blood and tissues Ketonuria An excess of ketone bodies in the urine Nephrolithiasis The presence of stones in a kidney Nocturia Excessive urination at night

Oliguria Scanty urination Erythropoietin A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulate formation of red blood cells Pyuria Pus in the urine Lithotripsy Crushing a calculus within the urinary tract or gallbladder Uremia Excessive urea in the blood Enuresis A condition of bedwetting Diuresis Increased excretion of urine (polyuria) Antidiuretic hormone A hormone that causes suppression of urine Urinary incontinence Inability to control urination

Urinary retention Accumulation of urine within the bladder because of inability to urinate Dysuria Painful urination Anuria No urination Hematuria Blood in the urine Glycosuria The presence of glucose in the urine Polyuria Excessive urination