12/13/2016

Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer Answer the following questions briefly Q1. What are the controls affecting the climate of India? Ans: Latitude, Altitude and Pressure & Winds are the main controls affecting the climate of India. Q2.  Why  does  India  have  a  monsoon  type  of climate? Ans:  In  India  we  find  monsoon  type  of  climate, following  are  the  factors  responsible  for  these monsoons: (a)  The  differential  heating  and  cooling  of  land and water. (b)  The  shift  of  the  position  of  Inter  Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). (c)  Presence  of  high  pressure  in  the  east  of Madagascar. (d)  The  Tibetan  plateau  gets  intensely  heated during summers. (e) Movement of westerly jet streams to the north of Himalayas and the presence of tropical Q3.  Which  part  of  India  does  experience  the highest diurnal range of temperature and why? Ans:  Diurnal  range  of  temperature  is  the difference  between  maximum  and  minimum temperature of a day. Diurnal range of temperature is  high  in  the  deserts  like  Rajasthan,  Thar  Desert and interior parts of Rann of Kutch. In these sandy areas the day temperature may raise upto 50oC and by  night  the  temperature  drops  down  to  nearly freezing  point.  This  happens  because  during  the

Author : Subhash Kumar Nirman MA (Geo), MA (Eng), B.Ed., MBA (HR), GNIIT Ex. Georgian (Military School Bangalore) King George Royal Indian Military College Bangalore Email Id : [email protected]

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

day  time,  sand  absorbs  heat  very  fast  and  at  the same time loses heat very fast at night. Q4. Which winds  for rainfall along the Malabar coast? Ans:  Monsoon  winds  are  able  for  rainfall along the Malabar coast. Q5.  What  are  Jet  streams  and  how  do  they affect the climate of India? Ans:  Fast  flowing  and  narrow  air  currents  are called  jet  streams.  The  streams  flow  at  high altitudes  (about  12,000  feet)  in  the  troposphere. The  westerly  jet  streams  are  responsible  for western  cyclonic  disturbances  in  the  north  and north­western  parts  of  India.  The  subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with  the  apparent  movement  of  the  sun.  The tropical  jet  stream  (an  easterly  jet  stream)  blows over the Indian Peninsula; approximately over 14° north during the summer months. These  jet  streams  are  amongst  one  of  the  major factors in determining the movement of monsoons winds towards India sub­continent. Q6. Define monsoons. What do you understand by "break" in monsoon? Ans:  The  seasonal  reversal  in  wind  direction during a year is called monsoon. Monsoon tends to have  'breaks'  in  rainfall;  which  means  that  there are  wet  and  dry  spells  in  between.  The  monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time and then come the rainless intervals. Q7. Why the monsoon is considered a unifying bond? Ans:  Although  there  are  wide  variations  in weather patterns across India, the monsoon brings some  unifying  influences  on  India.  Following  are few of the reasons why the monsoon is considered as a unifying bond in India: (a)  The  Indian  landscape,  its  flora  and  fauna,  etc. are highly influenced by the monsoon. (b)  The  entire  agricultural  calendar  in  India  is governed by the monsoon. (c)  Most  of  the  festivals  in  India  are  related  to agricultural  cycle.  These  festivals  may  be  known by different names in different parts of the country, but their celebration is decided by the monsoon. (d) It is also said that the river valleys which carry http://www.nirmancare.com/blog/index.php?controller=post&action=view&id_post=111

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the  rainwater  also  unite  as  a  single  river  valley unit. Q8.  Why  does  the  rainfall  decrease  from  the east to the west in Northern India? Ans:  The  Bay  of  Bengal  branch  of  the  monsoon winds  moves  towards  northeast  and  return westwards  covering  the  northern  plains.  While they  move  towards  west,  their  moisture  contains tends  to  reduce  with  subsequent  rains.  Hence  the rainfall  decreases  from  east  to  west  in  northern India.   Give reasons as to why. Q9.  Seasonal  reversal  of  wind  direction  takes place over the Indian subcontinent? Ans: Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian  subcontinent  takes  place  due  to  pressure differential. El Nino has major role to play in the seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent. Q10.  The  bulk  of  rainfall  in  India  is concentrated over a few months. Ans:  The  monsoon  begins  from  the  first  week  of June  and  advances  quite  rapidly  to  cover  almost the whole country by mid­July. Hence, the bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over the months of a few months; mainly June to August. Q11.  The  Tamil  Nadu  coast  receives  winter rainfall. Ans: The Tami Nadu coast receives winter rainfall because  of  movement  of  low­pressure  conditions to the Bay of Bengal. Q12.  The  delta  region  of  the  eastern  coast  is frequently struck by cyclones. Ans:  The  Bay  of  Bengal  is  the  centre  of  various pressure  changes  and  hence  there  is  always  a chance of development of cyclone. Due to this, the delta  region  of  the  eastern  coast  is  frequently struck by cyclones. Q13.  Parts  of  Rajasthan,  Gujarat  and  the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought­ prone. Ans: The parts fall in the rain shadow area of the http://www.nirmancare.com/blog/index.php?controller=post&action=view&id_post=111

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Aravalli. Hence, they are drought prone and don't receive much of rainfall. Q14.  Describe  the  regional  variations  in  the climatic  conditions  of  India  with  the  help  of suitable examples. Ans:  There  is  regional  variation  in  the  climatic conditions of India. Temperature and Precipitation vary from place to place and season to season. (a) In summers the temperature rises up to 50°C in parts of Rajasthan, whereas it may be around 20°C in Pahalgam in Kashmir. (b)  In  winters  night  temperature  in  Drass  in Kashmir  may  be  minus  45°C,  whereas  in Tiruvanantapuram  in  Kerala  may  have  a temperature of 20°C. (c)  In  Andaman  Islands  the  difference  between day and night temperature may be hardly 7° ­ 8°C. (d)  Coastal  areas  experience  less  contrast  in  the temperature,  whereas  seasonal  contrasts  are  more in the interior of the country. (e) There is decrease in rainfall generally from east to west in the northern plains. (f)  Most  part  of  India  get  rainfall  from  June  – September,  whereas  Coromandel  Coast  gets rainfall in winter season. Q15. Discuss the mechanism of monsoons. Ans: Following are the factors responsible for the mechanism of monsoon: (a) The Sun causes differential heating and cooling of land and water. This creates low pressure on the landmass  of  India  and  high  pressure  over  the ocean surface. (b)  The  Inter  Tropical  Convergence  Zone  (ITCZ) is normally positioned about 5°N of the equator. It shifts  over  the  Ganga  plains  during  summer.  It  is also  known  as  the  monsoon  trough  during  the monsoon season. (c)  The  high  pressure  area,  east  of  Madagascar  is approximately  20°S  over  the  Indian  Ocean.  This area affects the Indian Monsoon. (d)  The  Tibetan  plateau  gets  intensely  heated during  summer.  This  results  in  strong  vertical  air currents  and  formation  of  high  pressure  over  the plateau.  This  high  pressure  zone  is  about  9  km above the sea level. (e)  The  westerly  jet  stream  move  to  the  north  of the Himalayas, and the tropical easterly jet stream http://www.nirmancare.com/blog/index.php?controller=post&action=view&id_post=111

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moves over the Indian Peninsula during summer. (f)  The  periodic  change  in  pressure  conditions between  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Indian  Ocean  that is  known  as  the  Southern  Oscillation  or  SO  also affects the monsoon. (g)  The  difference  in  pressure  over  Tahiti  and Darwin is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoons. Tahiti (18°S/149°W) lies in the Pacific Ocean  and  Darwin  (12°30'S/131°E)  lies  in northern  Australia.  If  the  pressure  differences  are negative,  it  means  a  below  average  and  late monsoon. Q16.  Give  an    of  weather  conditions and characteristics of the cold season. Ans: Following are the features of the cold season: (a) The winter season begins from mid­November and till February; in northern India. (b) December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India. (c)  The  temperature  ranges  between  10°­15°C  in the  northern  plains,  while  it  ranges  between 24°­25°C in Chennai. (d)  The  northeast  trade  winds  prevail  over  the country in this season. As these winds blow from land to sea, most parts of the country experience a dry season. (e)  The  weather  is  usually  marked  by  clear  sky, low  temperatures  and  low  humidity  and  weak variable winds. (f)  The  inflow  of  the  cyclonic  disturbances  from the  west  and  the  northwest  is  a  characteristic feature  of  the  cold  weather  over  the  northern plains. (g) These low­pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean  Sea  and  Western  Asia  and  move into India. They cause winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. (h)  The  winter  rainfall  is  in  small  amount  but  is very  important  for  the  rabi  crop.  This  rainfall  is locally known as mahawat. (i)  The  peninsular  region  does  not  get  a  well­ defined  winter  because  of  the  moderating influence of the sea. Q17. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India. Ans: Characteristics  of  the  monsoon  rainfall  in http://www.nirmancare.com/blog/index.php?controller=post&action=view&id_post=111

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India: (a)  The  duration  of  the  monsoon  varies  from  100 to 120 days from early June to mid­ September. (b)  Around  the  time  of  its  arrival,  the  normal rainfall increase suddenly  and  continues  regularly for  several  days.  This  is  called  the  'burst'  of  the monsoon. (c)  They  are  distinguished  from  the  pre­monsoon showers  because  of  their  increase  in  rainfall amount and regularity. (d) The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian  Peninsular  generally  by  the  first  week  of June. (e)  The  rainfall  is  unevenly  distributed  across  the country. Effects of the monsoon rainfall in India: (a) Agriculture in India largely depends on Indian monsoons for water. Late, Low or excessive rains have a negative impact upon crops. (b)  Due  to  uneven  distribution  of  rainfall  across the  country,  there  are  few  places  that  are  drought prone and few are flood affected. (c)  The  monsoon  provides  India  with  a  diverse climatic pattern. Hence, in spite of the presence of great  regional  variations,  it  has  a  unifying influence upon the country and its people.

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

Shubham Choudhury 14 November, 2016 Its good my teacher said "Iam Impressed" so thanx jaideep 19 November, 2016 I love ques

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Class IX: Chapter 4 (Climate) Question & Answer

Sathiya 03 December, 2016 This helped me while preparing for exam thanks u friends for this wonderful site but then I think if the answers are small then it will become a fantastic ,beautiful ,extraordinary ...... sapna 04 December, 2016 thanks but needed some more questions

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