Drugs 3w677

Drugs mucosta http://www.idoub.com/doc/41547204/Grp25-Rivera-Mikhail-Bien-MICU-Drug-Study http://www.mims.com/Philippines/drug/info/Mucosta/Mucosta%20tab? q=mucosta&type=brief http://www.mims.com/Malaysia/drug/info/Mucosta/Mucosta%20film-coated%20tab? type=full http://bsnurse.com/?p=1293

http://www.mims.com/Philippines/drug/in fo/Plogrel/Plogrel%20film-coated %20tab?type=full#Actions http://test.thefilipinodo ctor.com/search-drugdetails.php? keyword=Drugmaker %5C's%20Biotech %20Aspirin&id=2009 0086&secid=20071382 &sec1id=20020009&se c2id=20030006&sec3id =20070014&sec4id=

Omeprazole Omeprazole is used to treat conditions where there is an increase in the gastric acid of the stomach. Common brand names are Acifre, Acipres, Famazol, Flazomel, Gastriloc, Hovizol, Lomezek, Lopep, Loprezol, Losec, Megapraz, Mepracid, Mepraz, Nocid, Omelon, Omepron, Prexon, Prosec, Risek, Ulsek, and Zosec. Omeprazole is classified as a Benzimidazole and a Gastric acid pump inhibitor. Indications for Omeprazole Shot-term treatment for erosive esophagitis and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) poorly responsive to other treatment. Omeprazole is used for the long-term treatment of pathologic hypersecretory conditions and active duodenal cancer. It is a maintenance healing of erosive esophagitis. Omeprazole can also be used in the treatment of H. pylori associated with duodenal ulcer and active benign gastric ulcers. It is also used in the prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers. Routes and Dosage of Omeprazole Erosive Esophagitis, Poorly Responsive GERD, Active Duodenal Ulcer, Prevention or Treatment of NSAIDInduced Ulcers PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 20 mg per day. Maintenance Healing of Erosive Esophagitis PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 20 mg per day. Pathologic Hypersecretory Conditions PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: Initially, 60 mg per day up to 120 mg three time a day. H. Pylori Duodenal Ulcer PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 20 mg two times per day for 10 days. Active Benign Gastric Ulcer PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 40 mg per day for 4-8 weeks. Usual Dosage for Children >2 years PO: (GERD, erosive gastritis): <20 kg: 10 mg per day. >20 kg: 20 mg per day. Action of Omeprazole Omeprazole is converted to active metabolites that irreversibly bind and inhibit H+-K+-ATPase (an enzyme on the surface of gastric parietal cells). It inhibits transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen. Omeprazole increases the gastric pH and reduces gastric acid formation.

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Omeprazole Side Effects of Omeprazole o Headache o Diarrhea o Abdominal pain o Nausea o Dizziness o Asthenia (loss of strength) o Vomiting o Constipation o Upper respiratory tract infection o Back pain o Rash o Cough Adverse Reactions of Omeprazole None known. Nursing Considerations for Clients Taking Omeprazole o Give before meals o Do not crush or chew tablets, swallow whole o Evaluate for therapeutic response like relief of Gastrointestinal symptoms o Question if Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea occurs. Patient Teachings for Clients Taking Omeprazole o Report headache o Do not chew or crush tablets o Take before eating

Brand name: Senokot 187 mg Tablet/ granules Category: laxative Formulation: Tablets – each tablet contains 187 mg equivalent standardized senna concentrate Granules – each teaspoonsful contains 337 mg equivalent standardized senna concentrate For reliable of functional constipation through gentle, effective peristaltic stimulation. -have virtually colon-specific action, inducing efficient, yet gentle peristalsis -does not act by irritation of the colonic mucosa -have virtually no effect on motility of the stomach and small intestine Mechanism of action: Senokot preparations contain glycosides (the natural principles of senna) which, upon ingestion, exert no action in the stomach or small intestine. In the colon, according to current

theory, enzymatic action converts the inactive glycosides into active aglycones which act specifically in the large bowel through the auerbach’s plexus to stimulate peristalsis. Clinically confirmed: Over a decade of wide clinical experiences and a wealth of published clinical and pharmacologic evidence have established Senokot Tablets/granules as a laxative of choice in functional constipation. Senokot preparations help to: -relieve and control chronic constipation -lighten the burden of constipation in the aged -gently relieve constipation of pregnancy and the puerperium -counteract and prevent drug-induced constipation -smoothly relieve post-surgical constipation -mitigate the hazards of constipation in cardiovascular disorders -facilitate dieting without constipation -solve the problem of chronic constipation in chronic illness -help ease the stress and distress of constipation associated with hemorrhoids Virtually Free from side effects: The action of Senoko tablets and granules is virtually limited to the colon. In proper dosage, there is usually no intestinal turmoil, cramping, or gripping that occur with orindary laxatives and harsh purgatives. Reliable, Gentle yet effective: Senokot tablets and granules, by their gentle peristaltic stimulation of the colon, help induce comfortable evacuation of well-formed stools, usually within 8 to 10 hours. This permits istration at bedtime, and easy evacuation the following morning. Its high degree of effectiveness is reflected in satisfactory evacuation achieved in 95.9% of 7,571 patients reported in 31 clinical studies. High patient acceptance Delicious chocolate-flavored granules; small, easy to swallow tablets. Optimal dosage flexibility to meet the individual needs of your patients. Economical. Rehabilitation potential: Senokot tablets and granules aid in rehabilitation of the constipated patient by facilitating regular elimination. Dosage and istration: Tablets: (preferably at bedtime) Adult: 2 tablets (maximum dose: 4 tablets two times a day)

Children above 60 lbs (27.27kg): one tablet (Maximum dose: 2 tablets two times a day) Granules: Adult: 1 teaspoonful (maximum dose: 2 teaspoonsful twice a day) Children above 60 lbs (27.27kg): one-half teaspoonful (maximum dose: 1 teaspoonful twice a day) Dosage can be adjusted to meet individual requirements. If comfortable bowel movement is not achieved by the second day, increase recommended dose by one tablet (up to maximum dosage) or decrease until the most effective dose is established. In granules, decrease or incrase dose by one-half teaspoonful (up to maximum dosage). Contraindication do not use when abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms of appendicitis are present, acute abdominal diseae, intestinal hemorrhage, or obstruction , or persistent diarrhea. Store at temperature not exceeding 30 degrees Celsius Brand Name: Vastarel MR Generic Name: Trimetazidine Indication: Long treatment of coronary insufficiency, angina pectoris. Drug Classification: Anti-Anginal Drugs Mechanism of Action: acts by directly counteracting all the major metabolic disorders occurring within the ischemic cell. The actions of trimetazidine include limitation of intracellular acidosis, correction of disturbances of transmembrane ion exchanges, and prevention of excessive production of free radicals.decrease myocardial oxygen requirement by decreasing the heart rate, ventricular volume, blood pressure and contractility. In some cases, myocardial oxygen delivery is increased thru reversing coronary arterial spasm. Dosage: 1 tab morning and evening Special Precaution: Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy Risk Category: Adverse Reaction: Rare cases of GI disorders. Contraindications: MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) Form: 35 mg tablets Nursing Responsibility:  use cautiously in patients with heart failure or hypertension and in elderly patients.

Generic Name: sodium chloride Classification:e le ctroly te Pregnancy category:C Indication: prophylaxis of heat prostration or muscle cramps; chloride deficiency due to dieresis or salt restrictions; prevention or treatment of extracellular volume depletion Ordered dose: 1 tab TID 6-12-6 Dosage: 0.5  1 g with 8 oz water up to 10 times/day, total daily dose should not exceed 4.8 g Mode of Action: sodium is the major cation of the bodys extracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the fluid and electrolyte balance. Excess retention of sodium results in overhydration(edema, hypervolemia), which is often treated with diuretics. Abnormally low levels of sodium result indehydration. Normally, the plasma contains 136-145 mEq/L and 98-1-6 mEq chloride/L. the averagedaily requirement of salt is approximately 5g. Drug-Drug Interaction: Contraindication: congestive heart failure, severely impaired renal function, hypernatremia, fluid retention Side Effects: hypernatremia, hypopotassemia, acidosis. Fluid and solute overload leading to dilution of serum electrolyte level, CHF, overhydration, acute pulmonary edema Nursing Responsibilities: a.Monitor electrolytes, ECG, liver and renal function studies b.Note level of consciousness c.Assess the heart and lung sounds d.Observe S&S of hypernatremia, flushed skin, elevated temperature, rough dry tongue, and edema e.Monitor VS and I&O f.Assess urine specific gravity and serum sodium levels Amlodipine 10mg/tab OD po Norvasc

Anti-Anginal/ Anti-hypertensive

Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells; inhibits transmembrane calcium flow, which results in the depression of impulse formation in specialized cardiac pacemaker cells, slowing of the velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse, depression of myocardial contractility, and dilation of coronary arteries and arterioles and peripheral arterioles; these

effects lead to decreased cardiac work, decreased cardiac oxygen consumption, and in patients with vasospastic (Prinzmetal's) angina, increased delivery of oxygen to cardiac cells Indications: Angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm (Prinzmetal's variant angina) Chronic stable angina, alone or in combination with other agents Essential hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensives Contraindications: Contraindicated with allergy to amlodipine, impaired hepatic or renal function, sick sinus syndrome, heart block (second or third degree), lactation. Use cautiously with CHF, pregnancy. CNS: Dizziness, light-headedness, headache, asthenia, fatigue, lethargy CV: Peripheral edema, arrhythmias Dermatologic: Flushing, rash GI: Nausea, abdominal discomfort Assessment History: Allergy to amlodipine, impaired hepatic or renal function, sick sinus syndrome, heart block, lactation, CHF Physical: Skin lesions, color, edema; P, BP, baseline ECG, peripheral perfusion, auscultation; R, adventitious sounds; liver evaluation, GI normal output; liver and renal function tests, urinalysis Interventions Monitor patient carefully (BP, cardiac rhythm, and output) while adjusting drug to therapeutic dose; use special caution if patient has CHF. Monitor BP very carefully if patient is also on nitrates. Monitor cardiac rhythm regularly during stabilization of dosage and periodically during long-term therapy. ister drug without regard to meals. Teaching points Take with meals if upset stomach occurs. These side effects may occur: Nausea, vomiting (eat small, frequent meals); headache (adjust lighting, noise, and temperature; medication may be ordered). Report irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, swelling of the hands or feet, pronounced dizziness, constipation.

Generic Name: furosemide Trade name: Lasix Classification: Loop Diuretic Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride at proximal and distal tubule and in the loop of Henle. Used in treatment of Pulmonary Edema

in CHF, hepatic disease, nephritic syndrome, ascites, and hypertension. Route: PO (Oral Route) Tablet or solution Intramuscular injections Intravenous Dosage: PO 20-80mg/day. Maximum 600mg/day. Average dosage is 233mg. Side Effects: Headache, Orthostatic Hypotension, loss of hearing, polyuria, pruritus, diarrhea Nursing Implication: closely monitor vital signs. Observe older adults closely during period of brisk diuresis .Sudden alteration in fluid and electrolyte balance may precipitate significant adverse reactions. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. Monitor Intake and output. Report decrease or unusual increase in output. Excessive diuresis can result in dehydration and hypovolemia, circulatory collapse, and hypotension. Weighpatient daily under standard conditions.

Generic Clopidogrel Drug Class: Cardio/ Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets/Thrombolytics/ Antiplatelet Agents Indications: Prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with history of recent myocardial infarction or MI (within 7 days from occurrence), recent ischemic stroke (from 7 days until <6 months) or established peripheral arterial disease, and patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina/non-Q wave MI) including patients who are managed medically with percutaneous coronary intervention (with or without stent) or Coronary Artery By Graft. Prophylaxis as an alternative to aspirin in patients at risk of thromboembolic disorders Contraindication: Hypersensitivity. Presence of any pathological bleeding or coagulation disorders. Precaution: Cases of thrombocytopenic purpura, urgent plasmapheresis is required. Patients with platelet disorders and/or at increased risk of bleeding, severe hepatic or renal impairment. Consider discontinuing clopidogrel 5 days before elective surgery, except in patients with cardiac stents that have not completed their full course of dual antiplatelet therapy. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children <21 years old.

Drug Interaction: Aspirin; NSAIDs (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac); anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, argatroban, enoxaparin, bivalirudin, heparin); drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 isoenzyme (e.g., phenytoin, tamoxifen, tolbutamide, torsemide, fluvastatin); bupropion; statins and cyclosporin (e.g., atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin); macrolide antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin). Side Effect: Gastrointestinal effects: Abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, gastritis, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pancreatitis, stomatitis. Cardiovascular: Chest pain, edema, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, cardiac failure, palpitation, syncope, angioedema, vasculitis. CNS: Headache, dizziness, depression, fatigue, general pain, fever, insomnia, vertigo, anxiety, hemorrhagic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, confusion, hallucination. Derma: Rash (severe, maculopapular), pruritus, eczema, allergic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction, bullous eruption, urticaria, erythema multiforme, lichen planus, Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis. EndocrineMetabolic: Hypercholesterolemia, gout, hyperuricemia, pancreatitis. Immunologic: Serum sickness. Genitourinary: UTI, cystitis, hematuria. Hematologic: Bleeding, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), epistaxis, hematoma, anemia, agranulocytosis, bilirubinemia, granulocytopenia, hypochromic anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, retroperitoneal bleeding, pancytopenia. Hepatic: Liver function test abnormalities, fatty liver, acute liver failure, hepatitis. Neuromuscular and skeletal: Arthralgia, back pain, arthritis, leg cramps, neuralgia, paresthesia, weakness. Respiratory: Dyspnea, rhinitis, bronchitis, cough, upper respiratory infection, bronchospasm, hemoptysis, hemothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, interstitial pneumonitis. Ocular: Cataract, conjunctivitis, ocular hemorrhage. Miscellaneous: Flu-like syndrome, ischemic necrosis, menorrhagia, hypersensitivity, taste disorder. Potassium chloride Kalium durule Drug Class: Electrolytes and minerals

indication Hypokalemia Mode of action Provides a direct replacement of potassium in the body CONTRAINDICATION Renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, untreated Addison’s disease, constriction of the esophagus and or obstructive changes in the alimentary tract. ADVERSE EFFECT Diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, discomfort or gas vomiting NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES • Watch out for levels of potassium electrolyte level to prevent hyperkalemia. • Observe 10 rights of giving medication. • Watch out for possible adverse reaction of the patient. Esomeprazole Brand Name: Nexium Antacids, Antireflux Agents & Antiulcerants MOA Nexium(esomeprazole) is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell. By acting specifically on the proton pump, Nexium blocks the final step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity. This effect is dose-related up to a daily dose of 20–40 mg and leads to inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Indication Treatment of GERD as an alternative to oral therapy in patients when oral therapy is not appropriate. Short - term maintenace of hemostasis & prevention of rebleeding in patients following therapeutic endoscopy for acute bleeding of gastric or duodenal ulcers. Side effect Headache, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting. Injection site reaction. Contraindication Hypersensitivity to substituted benzimidazoles. Children. Nurcing management  Instruct patient to take drug exactly as prescribed.  Tell the patient to take drug at least 1 hour before a meal.  Advise patient that antacids can be used while taking drugs unless otherwise directed by prescriber.

Ceftriaxone third-generation cephalosporins MOA Bind to the bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death. Indications: Treatment of respiratory tract infectio Skin and skin structure infections; Bone and t infections; Urinary and gynecologic infections including gonorrhea or respiratory tract infections; Intra-abdominal infections; Septicemia Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins; Serious hypersensitivity to penicillins; Hypersensitivity to L-arginine (Ceptaz formulation only); Carnitine deficiency or inborn errors of metabolism (cefditoren only). CNS: SEIZURES (high doses). GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pseudolithiasis (ceftriaxone). Derm: rashes, urticaria. Hemat: bleeding, blood dyscrasias, hemolytic anemia. Local: pain at IM site, phlebitisat IV site. Misc: allergic reactions including ANAPHYLAXIS and SERUM SICKNESS, superinfection. PATIENT/FAMILY TEACHING Instruct patient to take medication at evenly spaced times and to finish the medication completely, even if feeling better. Missed doses should be taken as soon as possible unless almost time for next dose; do not double doses. Advise patient that sharing of this medication may be dangerous. Advise patient to report signs of superinfection (furry overgrowth on the tongue, vaginal itching or discharge, loose or foul-smelling stools) and allergy. Caution patients that concurrent use of alcohol with cefoperazone may cause a disulfiram-like reaction (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension, palpitations, dyspnea, tachycardia, sweating, flushing). Alcohol and alcohol-containing medications should be avoided during and for several days after therapy. Instruct patient to notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop, especially if stool contains blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient not to treat diarrhea without consulting health care professional.

Avelox I.V. (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) Company: Bayer Approval Status: Approved November 2001 Treatment for: Susceptible strains of sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin structure infections Side Effects Most adverse reactions to Avelox in clinical trials were mild to moderate. Treatment was discontinued due to drug-related adverse reactions in 5.7% of patients treated sequentially (intravenous followed by oral) in the trials in which the patient population had community acquired pneumonia. The trials in which patients were treated with the tablet form of Avelox alone, saw 3.6% discontinuation due to adverse effects. In clinical trials, the most common adverse effects were the following: • Nausea (7%) • Diarrhea (6%) • Dizziness (3%) Mechanism of Action Moxifloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gramnegative microorganisms. The bactericidal action of moxifloxacin results from inhibition of the topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. It appears that the C8methoxy moiety contributes to enhanced activity and lower selection of resistant mutants of Gram-positive bacteria compared to the C8-H moiety. The presence of the bulky bicycloamine substituent at the C-7 position prevents active efflux, associated with the NorA or pmrA genes seen in certain Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism of action for quinolones, including moxifloxacin, is different from that of macrolides, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, or tetracyclines; therfore, microorganisms resistant to these classes of drugs may be susceptible to moxifloxacin and other quinolones. There is no known cross-resistance between mosifloxacin and other classes of anitmicrobials. (From Avelox package insert)

This medication may rarely cause tendon damage (e.g., tendinitis, tendon rupture) during or after treatment. Your risk for tendon problems is greater if you are over 60 years of age, if you are taking corticosteroids (such as prednisone), or if you have had a kidney, heart or lung transplant. Stop exercising, rest, and seek immediate medical attention if you develop t/muscle/tendon pain or swelling. Moxifloxacin should not be used in patients with myasthenia gravis. It may cause the condition to become worse. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop muscle weakness or trouble breathing. GenericName Rebamipide Brand Name: Mucosta DrugClassification: Antacids, Anti reflux Agents & Antiulcerants Rebamipide is a mucosal protective agent and is postulated to increase gastric blood flow ,prostaglandin biosynthesis and decrease free oxygen radicals. Dosage: Oral Peptic ulcer,Gastritis Adult: 100mg tid, in themorning, evening and before bed. Acute gastritis & acute exacerbation of chronic gastritis. Gastric ulcer.a ctation. Rash, pruritus, constipation, diarrhea, nausea. CNS: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucination, peripheral-neuropathy, brain stem dysfunction. CV: hypotension, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest GI: nausea, diarrhea, constipation HEMA: anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytopenia, aplastic anemia HEPATIC: hepatitis Other: altered tasye, pain at I.M injection site, hypersensitivity • Monitor for resolution of GI symptom • Assess CBC in liver function tests • Assess constipation Monitor electrolytes levels as appropriate

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