Genetic Engineering Speech Outline 5b6u3y

Genetic Engineering Speech Outline I.

Intro -Genetic Engineering is the process by which we take an organism and modify its characteristics through its genome. This is a very important process because it is used frequently in industries such as medicine and food.

II.

Review of Simple Genetic Engineering(45 seconds-1minute) A. Bacteria 1. Bacteria are very simple organisms that can be modified easily 2. They are easily modified through transformation, which is when we simply allow bacteria to intake DNA from its environment. We use electricity to make bacteria more porous to force the DNA into the cell. 3. This can also be done through transduction, which is taking a virus and using it to force DNA into the bacteria. 4. To add to my previous speech, we can also use other bacteria to conjugate with a select bacterium. This is when we take a bacteria cell and give it a gene, making it HRF+. It will then transmit the code to other bacteria. 5. Bacteria are very useful in industry and these forms of genetic engineering are used in producing hormones, vitamins, and even food such as yogurt. NIH Research Paper: Haemophilia is a disorder of clotting factors in the blood. This is often cured using DNA recombinant technology by producing new blood components. 6. Bacteria are also very efficient organisms and require selective pressure, a reason to have a code, in order for it to express a gene. We often provide antimicrobial resistance genes with the desired gene and then select for bacteria that are resistant. 7. Transition: This process can be extended to larger organisms as well Complex Genetic Engineering(1.5-2 minutes) A. Crops 1. Crops are the most well-known genetically modified organisms, 2. They are modified through a more complicated process 3. A gene gun takes a heavy metal such as gold or tungsten coated with DNA. 4. The metal is injected into a series of unorganized plant cells. Many of the cells die, but a few survive and have the DNA migrate into their chromosomes. 5. They are then recollected and turned into plant components, eventually leading to the organism. Many hormones are involved in this process as well.

III.

IV.

6. B. Humans and Animals 1. Gene guns are used to inject neurons in particular and are used study when the brain degenerates through diseases such as Parkinson’s or through neurotoxins. They are also used to modify DNA in animals to give them immunity to a particular disease. 2. Gene guns are less prevalent in animals than in plants. 3. Cloning is interesting to most people so I will discuss this next. 4. Nuclear transfer is the process of removing the DNA from an unfertilized egg and replacing it with the DNA from another organism. If the egg divides, it should produce the intended organism. 5. This is holly Dolly the Sheep was cloned. Controversy A.) GMO’s 1.) There is a lot of controversy concerning GMO’s 2.) According to the AMA, there have been no health detriments caused by eating genetically modified food. Research is still being done 3.) GMO’s are also believed to have fewer health benefits