Hazardous Waste Management 5b2c71

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT CHE 252

Definition 

HW include solid, sludge, liquids/ containerized gas or combination that may cause pollution damage to health and even death. This definition not include that which discharge directly into air/water.

UNEP (Dec 1985) HW means solid, sludge, liquids & containerized gas other than radioactive & infectious waste- by reasons of their chemical activities/ toxic explosive, corrosive or other characteristics cause danger to health/ environment whether along when coming into with waste. 

Classifications 

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The basis to determine if the waste is hazardous occur two ways :A) Lab test B) on the list of specific hazard waste

Lab testing 1) Corrosivity (highly alkaline/ acidic) 2) Ignitability (easily ignited & posing fire) 3) Reactivity (potentially harmful, sudden reaction ie: explosion) 4) Toxicity (capable release substance to water in significant conc)

20 top hazardous substances

Engineering classification system for hazardous waste Category Characteristic

Examples

Inorganic aqueous waste

Liquid waste composed primarily of water but containing acid/ alkali/concentrated solutions of organics hazardous substance

•Spent sulfuric acid from galvanizing. •Spent caustic bath from metal finishing •Rinse water from electroplating

Organic aqueous waste

Liquid waste composed primarily of water but containing ixtures or dilute concentration of organic hazard (pesticides)

•Rinse water from pesticides containers. •Washing chemical reactors/formulation tanks

Organics liquids

Liquid waste containing mixtures/concentrated solution

halogenated •Spent solvents from metal degreasing/dry cleaning •Distillation residues from chemical intermediates

Oils

Petroleum derive oil

•Used lubricating oil from internal combustion engines •Use hydraulic and turbine oils from heavy equipments

Engineering classification system for hazardous waste Category Characteristic

Examples

Inorganic sludge/sol id

Sludge, dust, solid and other non-liquid waste containing inorganic hazardous substance

treatment •Waste sludge from mercury cell process of chlorine production •Emission control dust from steel manufacture and smelters. sand from •Waste coking operation

Organic sludge/sol id

Tar, sludge, solid and other non liquid waste containing organic hazardous substance

•Sludge from painting operations •Tar residue from production of dyestuff intermediates •Spent filter cake from production of pharmaceuticals contaminated •Soil with spilled solvents

Exposure route

Effects of HW

HW and their effects Substan ce

S

N

T

M

C

effects

Lead

Kidney, Brains damage to children

Arsenic

Red+white blood cells decrease

Mercury

Kidney

Ciu m

Kidney

Chromiu m

ORIGIN/SOURCE OF HW     

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Deliberate add to soil, water/ air by human Evaporation/wind erosion from waste dump into the atmosphere Leaching from waste dumps into ground water stream of water. Leakage from underground tank/pipeline Evaluation & subsequent deposition by accidents fire/explosion Release from improper operated waste treatment storage.

Physical-chemical properties 

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Vapor pressure  exerted by the vapor on liquid at equilibrium. Varies with T and measure in ATM. Solubility solute will dissolve into another solvent. Depends on T and chemical. Diffusion coefficient movement of a contaminant under influence of concentration gradient. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF)amount of a chemical that is likely to accumulate in aquatic organism. Sorption component moves from one phase to another boundary.

Physical-chemical properties  

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VOC (volatile organics compounds) easily to vaporise. Contaminant release can occur in liquids, solid or gas phase. Liquids release- contaminated runoff, direct aqueous discharges to surface water, leachate to ground water. Air emissions- stack emission including gaseous and particulates and volatile emission from lagoons. Solid- suspended solid in water.

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL            

Neutralization Oxidation Reduction Reverse osmosis Ion Exchange Carbon adsorption Acid removal Phenol destruction Evaporative stripping Land farming Incineration Recycle

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL 

Hazardous waste can be :