History Of Preschool Education In Philippines 3y4y1p

History of Preschool Education in Philippines SPANISH REGIME Started formally in grade one with Christian Doctrine Predominantly religious utilized certain textbooks as cartilla and pagina de la Infancia ( contains alphabet and prayers) Young Filipinos mostly coming from the “bourgeois’ illustrado class Pre-schooling was unorganized The more educated adults in the community became lawful “ preschool teachers” Usually handled on one to one basis and lasting for no less than 30 minutes per session (Estolaz & Nunez,1974) The regular schooling in the cartilla lasted for 3 to 6 months depending upon the child’s capacity to learn This particular schooling facilitated the entry of the child into grade one although it was not necessarily a requirement In 1924, the opening of kindergarten education at Harris Memorial School Manila ( Harris Memorial College) pioneered preschool education Under directorship of Miss Mary A. Evans INITIAL ATTEMPTS A class was established by Mrs. Brigida Fernando after her training at Columbia University Teachers College Interest in kindergarten movement was picked up by other private schools and grew succeedingly well among the religious schools both Catholic and Protestant Similar interest motivated civic groups to help children In 1935 The NATIONAL FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUB( NFWC) became the forerunner of nursery education The process of getting government recognition didn’t come after 16 years. . In 1940, The Bureau of Private Schools had authorized 129 kindergarten classes getting an enrolment of 6,449. The World War II disrupted the growth of the program to the point of closing almost all schools. The year immediately ensuing liberation had demonstrated a renewed interest in preschool education Out 129 government

recognized kindergarten schools in 1940, a total of 61 schools with 3,172 enrolment started in operation in 1945-1946 POSTWAR INTERESTS Private individuals had shortly ed this bold start The NFWC continued to have its nursery classes one in Sampaloc and in Tondo Manila In 1948, HARRIS MEMORIAL SCHOOL initiated another big step by obtaining a government recognition to confer the degree of JUNIOR TEACHER’S CERTIFICATE to Graduate in kindergarten education This was the first recognized course in kindergarten education offered in the Philippines Other colleges and universities attempt to emphasize kindergarten teaching by giving special training on the area, either part and parcel of B.S in Education or in Home Economics Preschool education in the country has almost remained to be associated with Bureau of Private Schools, specially with the religious groups. 1950’s through the effort of Dr. Miguela M. Solis, then the Superintendent of Teacher education in Bureau of Public Schools, preschool education started in the government regional –training schools Pangasinan Normal School was the first to take advantage BREAKTHROUGH IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS Followed by Zamboanga Normal School In 1964, a year after establishment of National Coordinating Center for the Study and Development of Filipino Children and Youth ( NCCSDFCY) which Dr. Solis was the director, the Children’s Village was opened to it kindergarten children, marking another milestone in the public sector. The growth of Philippine preschool education had been so slow when this is compared to those of the other countries Though slow, the regular yearly increment in kindergarten enrolment in both private and public schools had increased EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: A T CONCERN The major portion of preschool children were

consistently in the private schools with its yearly increase remaining constant Until that there are too many children for every teacher. Sending pre-school aged children to private kindergarten is expensive The need for nursery schools that could cater to the lower income families was then felt A number of national offices and civic organizations have responded to the need to extend appropriate education The NFWC who has started only with two schools has expanded to 251 classes mostly located in the less chance areas like Tondo, Sampaloc, Paco and others In 1956, the Manila Health Department introduced the concept of modern preschool “ play centers” in Manila It was Dr, Demetrio Belmonte the assistant city health officer who had a trip from different countries like Europe and USA and observed the operation of modern and scientific preschool With the assistance of Dr. Evangeline G. Suva, returning grantee on programming preschool play centers and Mrs.Isabel Santos, a social worker of the Ladies’ Association worked hand in hand to put up the first modern fully equipped play centers at the KAPITAN ISIDRO MENDOZA HEALTH CENTER Meanwhile various civic organization have similarly taken bold steps in of the program. Some of them are Young Ladies Association of Charity, The Rural Improvement Clubs, The Philippine Women’s Medical Association In mid 1960’s the Department of Social Welfare had started the inclusion of nursery and kindergarten education in its program. 1970’s to 1980’s – The government’s intensified interest in the welfare of the Filipino child resulted in the g of P.D 603 PD 603- known as CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE CODE in 1974” 1979UNESCO( United nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization) declared as the INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD

1977 to 1987 The Philippines declared DECADE OF THE FILIPINO CHILD This marked the increased of number of preschool children and also the establishments both in private and public schools 1978 to 1989- DECS encouraged the operation of preschools in public elementary schools with MEC Order No. 24 s 1978 and DECS Order No. 107, s.1989 ( Soliven et.al,1997) 1993 to 1994- There were 1,892 DECS- recognizes and ed private schools in the country with 416,894 enrolled preschoolers 1995 to 2000- Three reform programs were initiated in response to the need of rising numbers of preschoolers: EDUCATION FOR ALL CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION ON EDUCATION Implementation of LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE

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1. THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES EDUCATION

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2. CAN ANYONE GIVE ME A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINES EDUCATION ? QUESTION

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3. PRE-HISPANIC The education of PreHispanic Filipinos was fit for the needs of their times. There was no formal schooling. Parents trained their children informally . Mothers educated their female children in housekeeping, weaving, basket-making and other agriculture-related activities. Fathers trained their male children in hunting, carpentry, agriculture, shipbuilding and mining. Skills taught would vary on their industries and locations, i.e., whether highland, lowlands or along seashores. Education was oral, practical and hands-on

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4. ALIBATA Alibata is an ancient writing system that was used in what is now the Philippines. Although it was all but extinguished by Western colonization,variants of it are still used in parts of Mindoro and Palawan, and it is also increasingly used by Filipino youth as a way to express their identity.

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5. • While controlled by colonial rule for several years, once the Philippines gained their independence they took over control of

the educational system and began to move it in their own direction. • Children in the Philippines are educated in the primary and secondary school systems for about thirteen to fourteen years, depending on when they start, after which they complete the College Entrance Examinations, that allow them to qualify for one of the many institutions of higher learning. • There are both private and public schools in the Philippines, and on the whole the education provided by the private schools is much more comprehensive than that provided by the public school system. • In fact, the Philippines was home to the first modern public schooling system in Asia. It is also home to the oldest universities, colleges, and vocational schools. • Education has been a priority in the Philippines for decades, and this is evidenced in the fact that many of the advancements in education in Asia have been pioneered in the Philippines. 

6. During the Pre-Spanish period, education was still decentralized. Children were provided more vocational training but lesser academics, which were headed by their parents or by their tribal tutors. They used a unique system of writing known as the baybayin. Pre-Spanish Period BAYBAYIN The term Baybay literally means "to spell“ in Tagalog. It also known as the alibata, were in it is the ancient writing system that was used before by the Filipinos.

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7. The pre-Spanish system of education underwent major changes during the Spanish colonization The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries TRIBAL TUTORSTRIBAL TUTORS Education was informal and unstructured . Children were provided with vocational training and less academics by parents and houses of tribal tutors SPANISH MISSIONARIESSPANISH MISSIONARIES education was “religioncentered” education for the elite only Spanish is compulsory Boys and girls school are separated Inadequate, suppressed and controlled

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8. SPANISH When the Spanish first arrived in the Philippines, education of the indigenous people was mainly viewed as the duty of religious organizations. Parish friars put forth great effort to teach the indigenous people to read believing that literacy was the key to better lifestyles. EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME

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9. EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME The Friars establish parochial schools linked with Churches to teach catechism to the natives. Education was manage, supervised, and controlled By the friars. Spanish education played a major role in that transformation. The oldest universities, colleges, vocational schools and the first modern public education system in Asia were created during the colonial period The focus of education during the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines was mainly religious education. The Catholic doctrine schools that were set up initially became parochial schools which taught reading and writing along with catechism

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10. The Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. • The Augustinians opened a school in Cebu in 1565. •The Franciscans, in 1577, immediately took to the task of teaching improving literacy, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques.• Jesuits followed in 1581 •The Dominicans in 1587, which they started a school in their first mission at Bataan.

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11. In 1863, an educational decree mandated the establishment of free primary schools in each town, one for boys and one for girls, with the precise number of schools depending on the size of the population. There were 3 grades: entrada, acenso, and termino. The curriculum required the study of Christian doctrine, values and history as well as reading and writing in Spanish, mathematics, agriculture, etiquette, singing, world geography, and Spanish history. Girls were also taught sewing. The decree also provided for a normal school run by the Jesuits to educate male teachers in Manila. Normal schools for women teachers were

not established until 1875, in Nueva Caceres. Despite the Decree of 1863, basic education in the Philippines remained inadequate for the rest of the Spanish period. Often, there were not enough schools built. Teachers tended to use corporal punishment. 

12. After the Spanish colonial government was overthrown, the schools established during the Spanish era were closed down for a time by Emilio Aguinaldo’s government. The Malolos Constitution made elementary education compulsory and provided for free schooling. The Universidad Literaria de Filipinas, which provided courses in law, medicine, surgery, pharmacy, and notarianship, was established by Aguinaldo on 19 October 1898. He also set up the Military Academy of Malolos and decreed that all diplomas awarded by UST after 1898 be considered null and void. The curricula of schools were not much different from those under Spanish domination. While Tagalogwas established as the national language by the Constitution of Biak-naBato, reading, writing and literary studies in Spanish were still given emphasis.

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13. QUESTION WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO GO BACK AND RECALL AND THE PAST EDUCATION OF THE PHILIPPINES ? It give us not only a glimpse of the past but also what we could learn from it. History of Education will help you to understand how the past events shaped the present education systems, theories and related phenomenon in the area of teacher education in particular and education in general. Secondly, it will enable you to appreciate the importance of education to mankind since time immemorial across the generations.

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14. WHAT COULD BE THE BENEFITS THAT US FUTURE TEACHER THAT MAY HAVE AFTER STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES ? QUESTION

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15. 1. The study of history of education helps teachers in training to appreciate the various aspects of their past educational

process so as to link them to the present; 2. It enables teachers in training to know what type of education we had and the purpose it served in the past; 3. It gives teachers in training the opportunity of knowing our past mistakes in our education with the view to making necessary amends; 4. History of education gives teachers in training the opportunity of studying other people’s educational ideas and programmes with the aim of developing ours; 5. It also gives teachers in training a solid foundation to plan for our present and future educational development; 6. History of education guides teachers in training to proffer some positive solution to our present day educational

problems 7. It helps teachers in training to understand some major trends and developments in our educational system; 8. It helps teachers in training to formulate and implement better philosophies of education; 9. History of education is a good academic exercise to improve teachers in training knowledge; 10.It widens the scope and knowledge of the teacher and makes him more comfortable and competent in his class 

16. PREPARED BY: LOREIN MAY F. PABILONA BTTE-ADT IV-D