Huntap As A Disaster Risk Mitigation Strategies From Radius Area Of Merapi Eruption 5s6zi

“HUNTAP” As A Disaster Risk Mitigation Strategies From Radius Of Merapi Eruption: Case Study of Permanent Housing, Cangkringan, Sleman Yogyakarta 1

Sumaiyah Ohorella

Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta – Civil Engineering Department. Jalan Kaliurang KM 14,5, Yogyakarta-Indonesia [email protected]

Abstract - To emphasize the risk of disaster from Merapi eruption can be achieved by increasing the capacity of that hazard and vulnerability to disasters can be reduced is by relocating residents in the disaster-prone areas. This paper will show how a capacity building process undertaken by the government to relocate people who are still on the slopes of Merapi with temporary shelter consisting of a house of bamboo to the Residential fixed or usually called it “Huntap” acronym of Hunian Tetap or permanent housing especially Cangkringan, Sleman-Yogyakarta and also land damage assessment analyzed. There are 9 Huntap located in Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, where at one Huntap there are several villages were relocated due to the eruption of Mount Merapi. Coorporation between the governmental and REKOMPAK and the other so it can build up the permanent house. Permanent house built for victims of the eruption of Merapi in 2010 in Yogyakarta totaled 2,040 units. While in Magelang, Central Java, there are 476 homes. Settlement for the people who originally lived in disaster-prone areas is also equipped with a 312 point infrastructure built to reduce the risk of disaster. People in Permanent house also trained and learned about mapping evacuation routes and rallying points at any time if a disaster happend it can be minimize. Keywords: Permanent House, Huntap, Huntara, Merapi, Cangkringan, Shelter, Disaster, REKOMPAK

1. Introduction Indonesia is a country that is prone to geological disasters as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Special region of Yogyakarta is very famous for volcanoes that are still active and well known that explosive eruptions and releasing a cloud of hot or often called “wedhus gembel”. But, the fact shows that people on the slopes of Mount Merapi still tough to make a living (breeders, farmers) even still live in the area with the radius of the volcano which is still to be reached in case of an eruption or even a volcanic ash eruption. Slopes south side are in the istrative district of Sleman, Yogyakarta, and the rest are in the region of Central Java province, namely Magelang district on the west side, Boyolali district in the north and east, and Klaten district on the southeast side. At the time of the eruption in 2010, Sleman which is still the danger radius of 20 Km from the peak of Merapi. Yogyakarta divided into 3 Disaster Prone Region or KRB. Disaster Prone Region III is located approximately 5-8 km from the peak of Merapi. KRB III is a

region that is close to the source of the danger that often occurs, such as a hot cloud, lava flows, rock avalanches, rock burst (incandescent) and heavy ashfall. As a result of the high level of vulnerability, then the area is not allowed to be used as permanent housing. Determination had KRB III based on the history of Merapi activity within the last 100 years. Disaster Prone Region II (located about 10 km from the peak of Merapi), comprised of two Courant, namely: a). mass flow in the form of hot clouds, lava flows and lava; b). burst of material in the form of drops and hurl stones (incandescent). In KRB II, people were required to evacuate if applicable increase in volcanic activity in accordance with the advice of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, so the area was declared back safely. Disaster Prone Region I, is the area that potentially knocked lava / flood to be exposed to the possibility of the expansion of hot clouds and lava flows. Lahar is the mass flow in the form of a mixture of water and loose material of various sizes derived from the height of the volcanic eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010 results of about 130 million m3, 30-40% of which go to Gendol river form of hot clouds, into the other major rivers that disgorge the peak of Mount Merapi (Bappenas & BNPB, 2011). Generally, land damage classes in the study area as seen as the gradation which is the higher altitude the higher level of land damage, and the lower elevation the lower level of land damage. It is mainly influenced by the physical conditions,notably the slope and the distance from the caldera. Therefore, based on the spatial pattern, it can be stated that the most determining factor on postdisaster land damage is the slope. The total areas of Each Land Damage show in the following Table 1. Table 1. Total Areas of Each Land Damage Categories

Exactly on October 20th, 2010 has devastating and paralyzing all the activities and lives of the people directly affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi. As many as 2,682 houses damaged and not habitable, 156 houses were damaged and 632 homes with minor damage (DPUP Sleman, 2013). The damage caused by the eruption of Mount Merapi forced the government to relocate (move

the location) residential communities directly affected to a safer place so that in future disasters can be minimized casualties. Relocation of settlements is one type of disaster mitigation activities for disaster risk reduction. Permanent House or “Huntap” is a real form of relocation settlements. Construction of houses must involve into the technical and construction of earthquake-resistant houses requirements.

2. The Description Of “Huntap” Relocation of disaster victims Merapi in 2010 conducted in the province of Yogyakarta and Central Java which are directly affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi. At first the victims still live at temporary shelter, a house made of bamboo. Approximately 1 year residing in shelters or barracks provided. Then for three years, from 2011 through 2013, the government made a plan and managed to build permanent house or residential fixed (huntap) for the victims who lost their house. In addition, some sectors complete with infrastructure that was damaged by the disaster have also been improved. Construction of permanent housing is a rehabilitation and reconstruction program undertaken by the government in dealing with the eruption of Mount Merapi, which is facilitated by the REKOMPAK (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Society and Community-Based Settlement). Offering help through the program in the form of grants REKOMPAK Environment (BDL) and Home Assistance Fund. People who were living in temporary shelters began moving to “huntap” in early 2013. There are approximately 9 occupancy remained scattered in locations which are safer than the previous location of their homes that are in the area of Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The permanent house in umbulharjo (Huntap Karangkendal, and Plosokerep), Kepuharjo (Huntap Batur and Pagerjurang), Wukirsari (Huntap Gondang 2, 3 and Dongkelsari Gondang), Argomulyo (Huntap Kuwang and Randusari). Permanent house quite different from the residence before the eruption, the distance between one house and another very close and many of them loses their job. The occupancy often hold meetings or socializing in the event of evacuation in case of disasters of Merapi eruption. Determination evacuation path until a rallying point which is located in the village hall is one of the actions of the local community in of the evacuation process. Even the results of interviews with one of the residents Huntap Kuwang occupant, already set how the evacuation process includes mobilization as well as the number of people who will be transported to a safer place. Figure 1 below shows a layout/site map one of the permanent house at Huntap Kuwang and the rallying point.

Figure 1 Site Map and Interviewees of Huntap Kuwang’s Resident (Source; Personal Documentation) People lose their job from their previous place. Offering help by FAO also included into this permanent house development. For example, having communal cages as their new livelihood, even sand miner or some of them back to their old place and continue their job from the beginning but with one condition that they still live at Huntap and do not come back anymore to the old place.

3. The Methodology Mitigation

of

Construction “Huntap”

As Risk

Build, Back, Better! Rehabilitation and reconstruction of post-eruption of Merapi was prepared in line with the preparation of the Action Plan for Disaster Management Merapi eruption being compiled by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) and Bappenas. 1. First of all we make a data about the target villages that will be included into the rehabilitation and reconstruction process. 2. After that, stimulus grant for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of houses: a. Rp.30 million per house; b. The community was given flexibility in determining house types, with the provision that the minimum building area was 36 m2; c. The land area for each house is 100 m2, with an additional 50 m2 per house for public and social facilities; d. The building construction has to meet the criteria for stipulated earthquake resistant structures, and during implementation guidance is provided through REKOMPAK (CSRRP) assistance. 3. Community Socialization Activity 4. Beneficiary Candidate Data Validation Process

5. Community Self-Mapping Activity 6. Field Supervision Mission as part of the monitoring activity 7. Technical Coordination meeting between CSRRP/REKOMPAK team, communities and local government in framework of Program Management To ensure the quality of its activities, REKOMPAK prepared several operational guidelines and provided various trainings and technical assistance in accordance with the activity stages as well as conducted controlling through a proper strategy in order for all activities to be focussed and measurable such as trainning for community settlement planning, trainning for community infrastructure implementation, training for housing reconstruction (post Merapi eruptions).

4. Conclusion Disaster mitigation is a step that is very necessary as a starting point of a major disaster management. Rehabilitation of affected areas is indeed easy, but cannot minimize the disaster victims of Merapi. So that, relocating to permanent housing is the best option. With the construction of permanent housing is not expected to take heavy casualties in case of disaster back. The writer knew that, the rest people who still exist in their old place or still around of slopes of Mount Merapi thought about their livelihood for survive, but they have to think back about their safety first from risk of disaster. We only live once.

5. Reference 1. Abdurachman, E.K., J.-L. Bourdier, B. Voight (2000) Nuées ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia, Journal.of Volcanologi.and Geothermal. Research., special issue Merapi volcano, 100:1-4, 345-361, 2000. 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Merapi 3. http://rekompakciptakarya.org//files/Factsheet/Factsheet%20Heri tage%20Rehabilitation%20Reconstruction%20REKOMPAK.pdf 4. http://www.idoub.com/doc/192210196/Renaksi-RR-Erupsi-Merapi-DraftFinal-040411-Lowres#idoub 5. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=&sub= File&act=view&typ=html&id=64764&ftyp=potongan&potongan=diplom a-2013-303283-chapter1.pdf