Linux Cheat Sheet Commands - PDF & ...

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Linux Commands Cheat Sheet in Black & White Keep this Linux command cheat sheet on your desk printed, I am sure you will learn them quickly and will be a Linux expert very soon. We have added had both pdf and image (png) format of the cheat sheet. Command are categorized into different sections according to its usage. We have designed the command in white color with black background as we often use on Linux shell. We have added bit color for attraction. We have grouped Linux commands in the below sections for better understanding.

Linux command cheat sheet System Hardware s File Commands Process Related File Permission Network Compression / Archives Install Packages Install Source Search

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File Transfer Directory Traverse

(https://linoxide.com/guide/linux-cheat-sheet.png) your linux commands 1 of 12

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cheat sheet in pdf (https://images.linoxide.com/linux-cheat-sheet.pdf) format which is updated in 2019. Please keep us posted if you have any suggestions or if you find any command that we missed out. If you are looking to print Linux commands cheat sheet in A4 size paper (https://images.linoxide.com/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-A4.pdf) its available for .

1) System uname

Displays Linux system information

uname -r

Displays kernel release information

uptime

Displays how long the system has been running including load average

hostname

Shows the system hostname

hostname -i

Displays the IP address of the system

last reboot

Shows system reboot history

date

Displays current system date and time

timedatectl

Query and change the System clock

cal

Displays the current calendar month and day

w

Displays currently logged in s in the system

whoami

Displays who you are logged in as

finger name

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Displays information about the

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2) Hardware dmesg

Displays bootup messages

cat

Displays more information about U e.g model, model name, cores,

/proc/uinfo cat /proc/meminfo

vendor id Displays more information about hardware memory e.g. Total and Free memory

lshw

Displays information about system's hardware configuration

lsblk

Displays block devices related information

free -m

Displays free and used memory in the system (-m flag indicates memory in MB)

lspci -tv

Displays PCI devices in a tree-like diagram

lsusb -tv

Displays USB devices in a tree-like diagram

dmidecode

Displays hardware information from the BIOS

hdparm -i /dev/xda hdparm -tT /dev/xda <:code> badblocks -s /dev/xda

Displays information about disk data

Conducts a read speed test on device xda

Tests for unreadable blocks on disk

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id

Displays the details of the active e.g. uid, gid, and groups

last

Shows the last s in the system

who

Shows who is logged in to the system

groupadd ""

Adds the group ''

add "Sam"

Adds Sam

del "Sam"

Deletes Sam

mod

Used for changing / modifying information

4) File Commands ls -al

Lists files - both regular & hidden files and their permissions as well.

pwd

Displays the current directory file path

mkdir 'directory_name' rm file_name

Removes a file

rm -f filename

Forcefully removes a file

rm -r directory_name rm -rf directory_name

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Creates a new directory

Removes a directory recursively

 Removes a directory forcefully and recursively

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file1 file2

Copies the contents of file1 to file2

-r dir1 dir2

Recursively Copies dir1 to dir2. dir2 is created if it does not exist

mv file1 file2

Renames file1 to file2

ln -s /path/to /file_name

Creates a symbolic link to file_name

link_name touch file_name

Creates a new file

cat > file_name

Places standard input into a file

more file_name

Outputs the contents of a file

head file_name

Displays the first 10 lines of a file

tail file_name

Displays the last 10 lines of a file

gpg -c file_name

Encrypts a file

gpg file_name.gpg

Decrypts a file

wc

Prints the number of bytes, words and lines in a file

xargs

Executes commands from standard input

5) Process Related

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ps

Display currently active processes

ps aux | grep 'telnet'

Searches for the id of the process 'telnet'

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pmap

Displays memory map of processes

top

Displays all running processes

kill pid

Terminates process with a given pid

killall proc

Kills / Terminates all processes named proc

pkill process-name

Sends a signal to a process with its name

bg

Resumes suspended jobs in the background

fg

Brings suspended jobs to the foreground

fg n

job n to the foreground

lsof

Lists files that are open by processes

renice 19 PID

makes a process run with very low priority

pgrep firefox

find Firefox process ID

pstree

visualizing processes in tree model

6) File Permission chmod octal filename

Change file permissions of the file to octal

 Example

chmod 777 /data/test.c

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Set rwx permissions to owner, group and everyone (everyone else who has access to the server)

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chmod 755 /data/test.c chmod 766 /data/test.c chown owner -file


Set rwx to the owner and r_x to group and everyone

Sets rwx for owner, rw for group and everyone

Change ownership of the file

chown owner:owner-group

Change owner and group owner of the file

file_name chown owner:owner-group

Change owner and group owner of the directory

directory

7) Network ip addr show

Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces

ip address add 192.168.0.1/24 dev

Assigns IP address 192.168.0.1 to interface eth0

eth0 ifconfig ping

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host

Displays IP addresses of all network interfaces ping command sends an ICMP echo request to establish a connection to server / PC

whois domain

Retrieves more information about a domain name

dig domain

Retrieves DNS information about the domain

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dig -x host

Performs reverse lookup on a domain

host google.com

Performs an IP lookup for the domain name

hostname -i

Displays local IP address

wget file_name

s a file from an online source

netstat -pnltu

Displays all active listening ports

8) Compression/Archives tar -cf home.tar home<:code> tar -xf files.tar

tar -zcvf home.tar.gz source-folder gzip file

Creates archive file called 'home.tar' from file 'home'

Extract archive file 'files.tar'

Creates gzipped tar archive file from the source folder

Compression a file with .gz extension

9) Install Packages rpm -i pkg_name.rpm

rpm -e pkg_name

dnf install pkg_name

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Install an rpm package

 Removes an rpm package

Install package using dnf utility

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10) Install Source (Compilation) Checks your system for the required software needed to build the

./configure

program. It will build the Makefile containing the instructions required to effectively build the project It reads the Makefile to compile the program with the required

make

operations. The process may take some time, depending on your system and the size of the program

make install

The command installs the binaries in the default/modified paths after the compilation

11) Search grep 'pattern' files

grep -r pattern dir

locate file

find /home/ -name "index"

Search for a given pattern in files

Search recursively for a pattern in a given directory

Find all instances of the file

Find file names that begin with 'index' in /home folder

find /home -size +10000k

Find files greater than 10000k in the home folder

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ssh @host

ssh -p port_number @host ssh host telnet host


Securely connect to host as

Securely connect to host using a specified port

Securely connect to the system via SSH default port 22 Connect to host via telnet default port 23

13) File Transfer s file1.txt server2/tmp

rsync -a /home/apps /backup/

Securely copy file1.txt to server2 in /tmp directory

Synchronize contents in /home/apps directory with /backup directory

14) Disk Usage df

-h

Displays free space on mounted systems

df

-i

Displays free inodes on filesystems

fdisk du

-sh

-l

findmnt

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Shows disk partitions, sizes, and types Displays disk usage in the current directory in a

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human-readable format Displays target mount point for all filesystems

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mount device-path mountpoint


Mount a device

15) Directory Traverse cd ..

Move up one level in the directory tree structure

cd

Change directory to $HOME directory

cd /test

Change directory to /test directory

Read Also: 38 Basic Linux Commands to Learn with Examples (https://linoxide.com/linux-command /essential-linux-basic-commands/) A Brief Outline of 106 Linux Commands with Examples (https://linoxide.com/linux-howto/linux-commands-brief-outline-examples/)

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