List of Countries & Their Capital Alongwith Language & Currency Prepared by: Engr. Sajid Ali MS Electrical Engineering BS Electrical Engineering

Partially trying to prepare General Knowledge Segment of Various Tests being conducted in Pakistan  Best of Luck to All Participants 

Africa Africa

30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi) Area Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd) Pop. density 30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi) 57 (list of countries) Countries Languages Languages of Africa Time zones UTC-1 to UTC+4 Main articles: Africa and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 1

Further information: Geography of Africa For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million km² (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area.[2] With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, see table), it s for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3] Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago – including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – with the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human) found in Ethiopia being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and encomes numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011 Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

Benin

Porto-Novo (official) Cotonou (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

English Setswana

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Burundi

Bujumbura

Rupie

Cameroon

Yaoundé

CFA franc

Cape Verde

Praia

Cape Verdean escudo

Central African Republic

Bangui

CFA franc

Chad

N'Djamena

CFA franc

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Kirundi French French English Portuguese French Sango French Arabic Page 2

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Comoros

Moroni

Comorian franc

Brazzaville

CFA franc

French

Yamoussoukro (official) Abidjan (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Kinshasa

Congolese franc

French

Congo (CongoBrazzaville) Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Democratic Republic of the Congo (CongoKinshasa) Djibouti

Djibouti

Egypt

Cairo

Equatorial Guinea

Djiboutian franc Egyptian pound

Equatorial Malabo Guinean peseta

Official language Comorian Arabic French

French Arabic Arabic Spanish French Portuguese Tigrinya Arabic English

Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Banjul Gambian dalasi

English

Accra

Ghana cedi

English

Conakry Guinean franc

French

Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau

Bissau

CFA franc

Portuguese

Kenya

Nairobi

Kenyan shilling

Lesotho

Maseru

Lesotho loti

Swahili English English Sesotho

Liberia

Monrovia Liberian dollar

English

Libya

Tripoli

Dinar

Arabic

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Malagasy ariary

Malagasy French

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 3

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language English Chichewa

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Mauritania

Nouakchott

Ouguiya

Arabic

Mauritius

Port Louis

Mauritian rupee

Mauritian Creole French English

Mayotte

Mamoudzou Overseas department of

Euro

French

Morocco

Rabat

Arabic Berber

Mozambique

Maputo

Portuguese

Namibia

Windhoek

Moroccan dirham Mozambican metical Namibian dollar

Niger

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Nigeria

Abuja

Naira

English

Réunion

Saint-Denis Overseas department of

Euro

French

Rwanda

Kigali Rwandan franc

Kinyarwanda English French

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Jamestown (Saint Helena) Saint Helena Georgetown (Ascension Island) pound Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan Pound sterling da Cunha)

English

English

Sao Tome and Principe

São Tomé

Dobra

Portuguese

Senegal

Dakar

CFA franc

French

Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois rupee

Seychellois Creole French English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Leone

English

Mogadishu Somali shilling

Somali Arabic

Somalia

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 4

Flag

Name

Capital

Somaliland

Hargeisa

South Africa

Pretoria (istrative/executive) South African Cape Town (legislative) rand Bloemfontein (judicial)

South Sudan

Juba

Sudan

Khartoum

Swaziland Tanzania

Currency Somaliland shilling

South Sudanese pound Sudanese pound

Official language Somali Arabic Afrikaans English Southern Ndebele Northern Sotho Southern Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa Zulu English

Mbabane (istrative) Lobamba (royal and legislative) Dodoma (official) Dar es Salaam (seat of government)

Tanzanian shilling

Arabic English English Swati Swahili English

Lomé

CFA franc

French

Tunis Tunisian dinar

Arabic

Togo Tunisia

Kampala

Uganda

Lilangeni

Ugandan shilling

Swahili English Luganda

None

Western Sahara

Zambia

Moroccan None Disputed territory between dirham Morocco and the Sahrawi Algerian dinar Mauritanian Arab Democratic Republic ouguiya Zambian Lusaka kwacha

Zimbabwe

Harare

various

See respective claimants

English English Shona Sindebele

Asia Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 5

Asia

44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq mi)[7] Area Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8] Pop. density 87/km2 (225/sq mi) 48 (list of countries) Countries Languages List of languages Time zones UTC+2 to UTC+12 Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia Further information: Geography of Asia For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Asia ( i/ˈeɪʒə/ or /ˈeɪʃə/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's population nearly quadrupled.[9] Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Given its size and diversity, Asia – a toponym dating back to classical antiquity – "is more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties and government systems. Flag

Name

Capital

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Currency

Official language Page 6

Flag

Name

Abkhazia

Capital

Currency

Sukhumi De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Russian ruble Recognized by United Nations as part of Georgia.

Official language Georgian Abkhaz Russian Pashto Dari (Persian) English Greek

Afghanistan

Kabul

Afghani

Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

Armenia

Yerevan

Dram

Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe]

Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Bhutan

Thimphu

Bhutanese ngultrum Dzongkha

British Indian Ocean Territory

Diego Garcia US dollar Overseas territory of the United UK pound Kingdom

English

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei dollar

Bahasa Melayu

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

Khmer

China

Beijing

Renminbi (yuan)

Standard Chinese

Australian dollar

English

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Flying Fish Cove External territory of Australia West Island External territory of Australia

Cyprus [Europe]

Nicosia

Christmas Island

English Euro

East Timor (TimorDili Leste)

US Dollar

Georgia [Europe]

Tbilisi

Lari

Hong Kong

Special istrative region of Hong Kong dollar China

India

New Delhi

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Rupee

Greek Turkish Portuguese Tetum Georgian English Cantonese Hindi English Page 7

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

Indonesian

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Persian

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Israel

Jerusalem

New shekel

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian dinar

Arabic

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Kazakh Russian

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kurdish

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar

Arabic

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Kyrgyz Russian

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Lao

Lebanon

Beirut

Lebanese pound

Arabic

Kurdish Arabic Hebrew Arabic

Special istrative region of Macanese pataca China Kuala Lumpur (official) Ringgit Putrajaya (seat of government)

Portuguese Cantonese

Maldives

Malé

Maldivian rufiyaa

Maldivian

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Tögrög

Mongolian

Kyat

Burmese

Macau Malaysia

Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw

Stepanakert De facto sovereign state lacking Nagorno-Karabakh general international recognition Armenian dram Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Azerbaijan Nepal

Kathmandu

Northern Cyprus

Nicosia Turkish lira De facto sovereign state lacking

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Nepalese rupee

Malaysian

Armenian

Nepali Turkish Page 8

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

general international recognition Recognized by United Nation as de jure part of Cyprus North Korea

Pyongyang

North Korean won

Korean

Oman

Muscat

Rial

Arabic

Pakistan

Islamabad

Pakistani Rupee

English Urdu

Palestine

East Jerusalem (claimed capital) Ramallah (West Bank seat of government) Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of government) Israeli shekel Territory occupied by Israel State of Palestine (flag displayed) proclaimed on territory

Philippines

Manila

Philippine Peso

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Filipino English Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic

Arabic

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore dollar

English Chinese Malay Tamil

South Korea

Seoul

South Korean won

Korean

South Ossetia

Tskhinvali De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Russian ruble Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Georgia

Ossetic Georgian Russian

Sri Lanka

Colombo

Sri Lankan rupee

Sinhala Tamil

Syria

Damascus

Syrian pound

Arabic

Taiwan

Taipei De facto sovereign state lacking Standard general international recognition New Taiwan dollar Chinese Recognized by United Nations as part of China.

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 9

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Tajikistan

Dushanbe

Somoni

Tajik

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

Turkmen new manat Turkmen

United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi

UAE dirham

Arabic

Uzbekistan

Tashkent

Uzbekistan som (O'zbekiston so'mi)

Uzbek

Vietnam

Hanoi

đồng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Tagalog

Europe Europe

10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n] Area Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd) Pop. density 72.5/km2 50 (list of countries) Countries Languages List of languages Time zones UTC to UTC+6 Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 10

See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia Further information: Geography of Europe For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Europe ( i/ˈjʊərəp/ EWR-əp or /ˈjɜrəp/ YUR-əp[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements. Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 40% of the continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.[15] Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%.[17] Both World Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Åland Islands

Mariehamn Autonomous region of Finland (recognized Euro by international treaty)

Swedish

Albania

Tirana

Lek

Albanian

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Austria

Vienna

Euro

German

Belarus

Minsk

Belarusian ruble

Belarusian Russian

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

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Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language Dutch French German Bosnian Croatian Serbian

Belgium

Brussels

Euro

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo

Convertible mark

Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech Republic

Prague

Czech koruna

Czech

Denmark

Copenhagen

Danish krone[a] Danish

Estonia

Tallinn

Euro

Estonian

Faroe Islands

Tórshavn Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm

Faroese króna

Faroese Danish

Finland

Helsinki

Euro

Finnish Swedish



Paris

Euro CFP franc

French



Berlin

Euro

German

Gibraltar

Gibraltar Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

Gibraltar pound

English

Greece

Athens

Euro

Greek

Guernsey

Saint Peter Port British Crown dependency

Pound sterling

English French

Hungary

Budapest

Forint

Hungarian

Iceland

Reykjavík

Icelandic króna Icelandic

Ireland

Dublin

Euro

Isle of Man

Douglas British Crown dependency

Irish English Pound sterling Manx

Italy

Rome

Euro

English

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Italian

Page 12

Flag

Name Jersey

Kosovo

Capital

Official language English Pound sterling French Currency

Saint Helier British Crown dependency Pristina De facto sovereign state recognized by over 80 UN member states Euro A United Nations mandate in Serbian territory was put in place starting in 1999.

Albanian Serbian

Latvia

Ryga

Euro

Latvian

Liechtenstein

Vaduz

Swiss franc

German

Lithuania

Vilnius

Lithuanian litas Lithuanian

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Euro

Luxembourgish French German

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonian denar

Macedonian

Malta

Valletta

Euro

Maltese English

Moldova

Chişinău

Moldovan leu

Moldovan

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

French

Montenegro

Podgorica

Euro

Montenegrin

Amsterdam

Euro US dollar NA guilder Aruban florin

Dutch

Norway

Oslo

Norwegian krone

Norwegian Bokmål Nynorsk

Poland

Warsaw

Złoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

Romania

Bucharest

Romanian leu

Romanian

Russia

Moscow

Russian ruble

Russian 27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Euro

Italian

Netherlands

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 13

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbian dinar

Serbian

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Slovene

Euro

Spanish Catalan Galician Basque

Spain

Madrid

Svalbard

Longyearbyen Norwegian Special territory of Norway (recognized by krone international treaty)

Sweden

Stockholm

Norwegian

Swedish krona Swedish

Switzerland

Bern

Swiss franc

German French Italian Romansh

Transnistria

Tiraspol De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Moldova

Transnistrian ruble

Russian Moldovan Ukrainian

Ukraine

Kiev

Ukrainian hryvnia

Ukrainian

United Kingdom

London

Pound sterling English

Vatican City

Vatican City

Euro

Italian

North America North America

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 14

Area

24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)

Population

528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

Pop. density

22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Countries

23 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-10 to UTC

Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas Further information: Geography of North America

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states. North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 15

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Anguilla

The Valley Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Antigua and Barbuda

St. John's

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Aruba

Oranjestad Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Aruban florin

Papiamento Dutch

Bahamas

Nassau

Bahamian Dollar

English

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Bermuda

Hamilton Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

Bermudian Dollar

English

Bonaire

Kralendijk United States Dollar Special municipality of the Netherlands

Dutch

British Virgin Islands

Road Town Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

United States Dollar

English

Canada

Ottawa

Canadian Dollar

French English

Cayman Islands

George Town Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

Cayman Islands Dollar English

Clipperton Island

uninhabited Overseas territory of

Euro

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

French

Page 16

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Costa Rica

San José

Costa Rican colon

Spanish

Cuba

Havana

Cuban peso

Spanish

Curaçao

Willemstad Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Netherlands Antillean Papiamento guilder Dutch

Dominica

Roseau

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Dominican Republic

Santo Domingo

Dominican peso

Spanish

El Salvador

San Salvador

United States Dollar

Spanish

Greenland

Nuuk Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm

Danish Krone

Greenlandic

Grenada

St. George's

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre Overseas department of

Euro

French

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Guatemalan quetzal

Spanish

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Haitian gourde

French

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Honduran lempira

Spanish

Jamaica

Kingston

Jamaican Dollar

English

Martinique

Fort-de- Overseas department of

Euro

French

Mexico

Mexico City

Mexican peso

Spanish

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 17

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Montserrat

Plymouth (official) Brades (seat of government) Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Navassa Island

Insular area of the United States of America

United States Dollar

English

Nicaragua

Managua

Nicaraguan cordoba

Spanish

Panama

Panama City

United States Dollar Panamanian balboa

Spanish

Puerto Rico

San Juan Insular area of the United States of America

United States Dollar

English Spanish

Saba

The Bottom United States Dollar Special municipality of the Netherlands

Saint Barthélemy

Gustavia Overseas collectivity of

Euro

French

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Basseterre

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Saint Lucia

Castries

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Saint Martin

Marigot Overseas collectivity of

Euro

French

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint-Pierre Overseas collectivity of

Euro

French

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Kingstown

East Caribbean Dollar

English

Sint Eustatius

Oranjestad United States Dollar Special municipality of the Netherlands

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 18

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Sint Maarten

Philipsburg Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Netherlands Antillean guilder

Trinidad and Tobago

Port of Spain

Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

English

Turks and Caicos Islands

Cockburn Town Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

United States Dollar

English

United States

Washington, D.C.

United States Dollar

none

United States Virgin Islands

Charlotte Amalie Insular area of the United States of America

United States Dollar

English

South America South America

17,840,000 km2 Area (6,890,000 sq mi)

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 19

Population

387,489,196 (2011, 5th)

Pop. density

21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)

Countries

12 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas Further information: Geography of South America

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20][21] It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve sovereign states - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela the French Guiana, which is an overseas region of , and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean Sea – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana – are also known as Caribbean South America. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). The word America was coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans. Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Peso

Spanish

Bolivia

Sucre (official) La Paz (seat of government)

Boliviano

Spanish Quechua

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Page 20

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language Aymara

Brazil

Brasília

Real

Portuguese

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogotá

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

United States dollar

Spanish

Falkland Islands

Stanley Falkland Islands pound English Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

French Guiana

Cayenne Overseas department of

Euro

French

Guyana

Georgetown

Guyanese dollar

English

Paraguay

Asunción

Guaraní

Spanish Guaraní

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolívar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania Oceania

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Geopolitical Oceania

8,560,000 km2 Area (3,310,000 sq mi) Population

38,304,000 (2013, 5th)

Pop. density

4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)

Countries

14 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands Further information: Geography of Oceania

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Australia (UK /ˌoʊʃɪˈɑːnɪə/ or /ˌoʊsɪˈɑːnɪə/;[22] US /ˌoʊʃiːˈæniːə/)[23] is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,[26][27][28][29] or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31] Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

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Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Pago Pago American Samoa Insular area of the United States of America

United States dollar

Ashmore and Cartier Islands — External territory of Australia

—

Australia

Canberra

Australian dollar

Baker Island

—

Insular area of the United States of America

Cook Islands

Avarua Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand

New Zealand dollar Cook Islands dollar

Coral Sea Islands —

External territory of Australia

Fiji

Suva

Fijian dollar

French Polynesia

Papeete Overseas collectivity of

CFP Franc

Guam

Hagåtña

Insular area of the United States of America

Howland Island

—

Insular area of the United States of America

Jarvis Island

—

Insular area of the United States of America

Johnston Atoll

—

Insular area of the United States of America

Kingman Reef

—

Insular area of the United States of

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Official language English Samoan

None[c]

English Cook Islands Māori

French

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Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

America Kiribati

South Tarawa

Marshall Islands Majuro Micronesia

Palikir

Midway Atoll

—

Nauru

Yaren (seat of government)

New Caledonia

Nouméa Sui generis collectivity (special collectivity) of

Insular area of the United States of America

CFP Franc

French

Maori New Zealand Sign English

New Zealand

Wellington

New Zealand Dollar

Niue

Alofi

Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand

Norfolk Island

Kingston

Self-governing territory of Australia

Northern Saipan Mariana Islands Palau

Ngerulmud

Palmyra Atoll

—

Papua New Guinea

Port Moresby

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Insular area of the United States of America

Insular area of the United States of America

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Flag

Name

Capital

Pitcairn Islands

Adamstown

Samoa

Apia

Currency

Official language

Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

Solomon Islands Honiara

Tokelau

Nukunonu (main settlement, although each atoll has its own istrative Dependent territory of New Zealand centre)

Tonga

Nukuʻalofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Vanuatu

Port Vila

Vanuatu vatu

Wake Island

— Insular area of the United States of America

United States dollar

Wallis and Futuna

Mata-Utu Overseas collectivity of

CFP Franc

Bislama French English

French

Antarctica Antarctica

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

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Area

14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]

Main article: Antarctica Further information: Geography of Antarctica

Antarctica ( i/æntˈɑrtɨkə/ or /ænˈtɑrktɨkə/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89 °C (−129 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra. Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, s scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.

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Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:         

Argentina: Argentine Antarctica Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial) Chile: Antártica : Adélie Land New Zealand: Ross Dependency Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory (Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region: Flag

Name

Capital

Official Language

Currency

Bouvet Island Dependent territory of Norway

—

—

—

French Southern Territories

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands) Port-aux-Français (Kerguelen Islands) Martin-de-Viviès (Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands) Overseas territory of

Euro

French

—

—

Pound sterling

English

Heard Island and McDonald Islands — External territory of Australia South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

King Edward Point Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

© Pls ignore the errors as this document has been prepared from different sources like Wikipedia, Google etc. specially the spelling mistakes.

Engr Sajid Ali Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

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