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1. The amount of achieved output per unit of input is called___________________. c. Productivity a. Utilization b. Efficiency d. None of the above
2. Quality ____________ refers to any planned and systematic activity directed towards providing consumers with products (goods and services) of appropriate quality, along with the confidence that products meet consumers’ requirement a. Assurance c. Maintenance b. Control d. Approval 3. Quality initiatives focused initially on reducing defects and errors in products and services through the use of ___________. a. Efficient Planning c. Ideas Revision b. Qualified HR d. Measurement and Statistical Tools 4. Quality is a race without ______. a. Training b. Finish Line
c. Communicating d. Producing
5. Future challenges which influence quality will be__________________. a. Knowledge Focus c. Both a & b b. Bulk Manufacturing d. None of the above 6. Quality can be defined as ___________________. a. Perfection b. Consistency
c. Waste Elimination d. All of the above
7. Excellence is __________ and standard of excellence can vary among individuals. a. Absolute c. Abstract b. Relative d. Sequential 8. A product must be __________ to be considered a quality product by consumers. a. Beautiful c. Cheap b. Expensive d. Compact 9. Quality can be defined as_________________________________________________________. a. Measure of anonymous with superiority or excellence. b. Features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy needs. c. How well the product performs its non-intended function. d. Amount of divergence from usefulness or satisfaction to price.
10. _________ is a total system approach and an integral part of high-level strategy. c. TQ a. QA b. QC d. CDQ 11. Quality of products and services is directly influenced by _____ M’s. a. Nine c. Eight b. Ten d. Five 12. ________ Improvement refers to both incremental changes, which are small and gradual, and breakthrough, or large and rapid, improvements. a. Abrupt c. Relative b. Discontinuous d. Continuous 13. Which of the following is not included in 3C’s of Quality Management a. Co-operation c. Customer b. Communication d. Competition 14. Customer relationship management and Leadership and strategic planning are two basic elements of _____________________. a. Quality Control c. Total Quality d. Infrastructure b. Function Flow
15. Organizations must apply total quality at __________ levels. a. Two c. Four b. Three d. Five 16. ______ helps businesses and organizations to be efficient and improve customer satisfaction. a. ISO 9001 c. ISO 10303 b. ISO 9002 d. None of the above 17. TQM _______ specify what the objectives relating to “quality” or “meeting customer needs” should be. a. Does c. Sometimes b. Doesn’t d. Should 18. Which of the following statement is wrong:a. ISO 9001 is based on the idea of continual improvement. b. ISO 9001 needs to reflect changes in order to remain relevant. c. ISO 9001 is suitable for middle size organizations. d. All of the above
19. ISO 9001:2015 now follows the same overall structure as _______________________. a. Any level structure c. Medium level structure b. Low level structure d. High level structure 20. ISO usually have a _________ year transition period. a. One b. Two
c. Three d. Four
21. ISO _________ contains many of the and definitions used in ISO 9001. a. 9000 c. 9003 b. 9002 d. 9004
22. ISO _________ provides guidance on how to achieve sustained success with your quality management system. a. 9000 c. 9003 b. 9002 d. 9004
23. ISO _________ gives guidance for performing both internal and external audits to ISO 9001. a. 19010 c. 19012 b. 19011 d. 19013
24. ISO Standards are revised after _______ years to keep it current and relevant for the marketplace. a. Three c. Five b. Four d. six 25. Successful management relies on a ___________ perspective which is one of the most important elements of total quality. a. Surrounding c. Output b. Operations d. System 26. The PSQCA is now acting as National _____________________ for Pakistan. c. Equity Point a. Entry Point b. Enquiry Point d. Escape Point 27. PSQCA is a member of ____________. a. ISO b. ICE
c. OILM d. All of above
28. The Deming’s concept focuses on continual improvements in product and service quality by ____________ uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing and service processes. a. Increasing c. Reducing b. Uniform d. None of the above 29. “A System of Profound Knowledge” was introduced by __________________________. a. Kaizen c. Taylor b. Juran d. Deming 30. Deming never gave managers any ______ for achieving quality. a. Solution c. Assumption b. Question d. All of above 31. Quality planning, Quality control and Quality improvement are essential elements of _________. a. Deming Philosophy c. Kaizen Philosophy b. Juran Philosophy d. Taylor Philosophy 32. ______ is all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality. a. TQ c. QC b. QP d. QA 33. ISO 90001 is a _________ standard. a. QA b. QC
c. TQ d. None of the above
34. ______ is a process for maintaining standards. a. QC b. CQC
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
35. Planning + ________ = Quality Assurance a. Execution b. Quality Control
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
36. Quality Circles are _______ groups of employees who work on similar tasks or share an area of responsibility. a. Selected c. Mature b. Qualified d. Voluntary 37. Japanese experience indicated that ________ of the problems in the workshop can be solved through 7 QC Tools a. 93% c. 95% b. 94% d. 96%
38. ___________________________ are formed where there is a specific problem whose solution is unlikely to reside in a single department and which is large enough to justify the establishment of a team to resolve problem. a. Quality Planning Team c. Quality Control Team b. Quality Assurance Team d. Quality Improvement Team 39. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________. a. Inter-Departmental c. Both a & b b. Intra-Departmental d. None of the above 40. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________. c. Can vary a. Permanent b. Temporary d. None of the above 41. Management and Planning Tools include ___________________________. a. Scatter Diagram c. Arrow Diagram b. Matrix Diagram d. Both b & c 42. Continuous Improvement Tools include ____________________________. a. Control Charts c. Histograms b. Check Sheets d. All of the above 43. Adequate Training is ________________ for Quality Improvement Teams (QIT). a. Necessary c. Depend upon the situation b. Not Necessary d. None of the above 44. “Post-it Clustering” is which of the Management & Planning Tools technique? a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams
45. The tool that displays all the interrelated cause-and-effect relationships and factors involved in a complex problem and describes desired outcomes is______________________________. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams 46. ______________________ is used to break down broad categories into finer and finer levels of detail. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams
47. ______________________ is used to prioritize items and describe them in of weighted criteria. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram d. Prioritization Matrix b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) 48. Forms that can be used to systematically collect data are called ________________________. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
49. ________________________ is a vertical bar chart in which the bars are arranged in the descending order of their height starting from the left and prioritize the problems or issues. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
50. Cause and Effect Diagram is also called ________________________. c. Both a & b a. Ishikawa Diagram d. None of the above b. Fishbone Diagram
51. Tool used for comparison when we have paired numerical data available is _________________. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
52. _________________are used for finding the variation in a process and to know when a process changes. a. Histogram c. Fishbone Diagram b. Control Charts d. None of the above
53. Changes over time are not taken into in _________________. a. Histogram c. Both a & b b. Control Charts d. None of the above
54. Products are _________________. a. Intangible Offerings b. Tangible Offerings
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
55. Services are _________________. a. Intangible Offerings b. Tangible Offerings
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
56. The process of defining all of the company’s product characteristics is called ________________. a. Product Design c. Both a & b b. Process Selection d. None of the above
57. The development of the process necessary to produce the designed product is called ________________. a. Product Design c. Both a & b b. Process Selection d. None of the above
58. Idea development for a product begins with an idea from ________________. a. Customers c. Suppliers b. Competitors d. Any of the above
59. The ease with which the product can be made contributes towards ________________. a. Product Quality c. Customer Satisfaction b. Product Cost d. Overall Manufacturability
60. Last stage of product life cycle is ________________. a. Introduction b. Growth
c. Maturity d. Decline
61. Processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower volumes are ________________. a. Intermittent Process c. Both a & b b. Repetitive process d. None of the above
62. Processes used to produce one or a few standardized products in high volume are ________________. a. Intermittent Process c. Both a & b b. Repetitive process d. None of the above
63. A measure of how well a company used its resources is called ________________. a. Process Velocity c. Utilization b. Productivity d. Efficiency
64. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a methodology used to ensure that customers' requirements are met throughout ____________________. a. the product design process c. Both a & b b. in the design and operation of d. None of the above production systems
65. QFD is both a philosophy and set of ____________ tools that focuses on customer requirements:a. Planning and Communication c. Manufacturing and Marketing b. Design and Manufacturing d. None of the above
66. A major benefit of QFD is ____________________ among all constituencies in the production process:a. Improved Quality c. Improved Technical Characteristics d. Reduced Cost b. Improved Communications and Teamwork 67. The customer requirements, expressed in their own , are appropriately called __________. a. Customer Requirements c. Voice of the Customer b. Customer Demand d. None of the above
68. The ___________ relates customer attributes to technical features to ensure that any engineering decision has a basis in meeting a customer need. a. House of Quality c. Design of Experiments b. Analysis of Variance d. None of the above
69. _____________________________ translates technical features of the final product into design requirements for critical components. a. Technical Features Deployment c. Both a & b Matrix d. None of the above b. Customer Requirement Planning Matrix 70. _____________________________translate component features into critical process and product parameters and control points for each. a. Quality Function Deployment c. Both a & b b. Process Plan and Quality Control d. None of the above Charts 71. _____________________________ identify operations to be performed by plant personnel to assure that important process and product parameters are achieved. a. Standing Operating Procedures c. Operating instructions (SOPs) d. None of the above b. Quality Guidelines
72. The focus of ___________________ is translating customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each stage of product development and production. a. Quality Function Deployment c. Technical Features Deployment b. Customer Requirement Planning Matrix Matrix d. None of the above
73. _________________ seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and service processes. c. Six Sigma a. House of Quality b. Analysis of Variance d. None of the above
74. Six Sigma is based on a statistical measure that equates to _______ or fewer errors or defects per million opportunities (dpmo). a. 3.4 c. 4.4 b. 2.4 d. None of the above
75. Defects Per Opportunity (DPO) is the probability of units produced with ________defects by the process. a. 20 c. 10 b. Zero d. None of the above
76. As the sigma quality level increases, the DPMO _____________ and the Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) increases. a. Increases c. Decreases b. Remains Constant d. None of the above
77. ___________________________is the probability that a single unit can through a series of process steps free of defects. a. Rolled Throughput Yield c. First Yield b. Throughput Yield d. None of the above
78. ____________________________is used to perfect product and processes before use or release. a. Design for Manufacturing c. Design for Assembly b. Design for Six Sigma d. None of the above
79. ___________________ refers to a data-driven improvement tool used for Six Sigma projects for improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs. a. DMADV c. DMAIC b. DFSS d. None of the above
80. ________________________is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals. a. Quality Control c. Statistical Quality Control b. Quality Assurance d. None of the above
81. Control charts for ____________are used to monitor characteristics that have discrete values and can be counted. a. Attributes c. Both a & b b. Variables d. None of the above
82. The errors for which one can conclude that there are assignable causes of variation when only normal variation exists are known as _______________. a. Type I Errors c. Alpha Risks (α) b. Type II Errors d. Both a & c
83. _______________ are used to monitor the dispersion or variability of the process. a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
84. _______________ are used to monitor the changes in the mean of a process (central tendencies). a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
85. __________________ are used to measure the proportion of items in a sample that are defective. a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
86. __________________ are used for discrete defects when there can be more than one defect per unit. a. R Charts c. P-Charts d. C-Charts b. X-Bar Charts
87. __________________ coined the term Six-Sigma to describe their higher quality efforts back in 1980’s. a. Motorola c. Honda b. Toyota d. None of the above
88. _____________________ refers to the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items from a lot or batch in order to decide whether to accept or reject the entire batch. a. Descriptive statistics c. Acceptance Sampling b. Statistical Process Control (SPC) d. None of the above
89. _____________________ are best used for in-process production. a. Control Charts c. Both a & b b. Acceptance Sampling d. None of the above
90. _____________________ is best used for inbound and outbound materials. c. Both a & b a. Control Charts b. Acceptance Sampling d. None of the above
2. Quality ____________ refers to any planned and systematic activity directed towards providing consumers with products (goods and services) of appropriate quality, along with the confidence that products meet consumers’ requirement a. Assurance c. Maintenance b. Control d. Approval 3. Quality initiatives focused initially on reducing defects and errors in products and services through the use of ___________. a. Efficient Planning c. Ideas Revision b. Qualified HR d. Measurement and Statistical Tools 4. Quality is a race without ______. a. Training b. Finish Line
c. Communicating d. Producing
5. Future challenges which influence quality will be__________________. a. Knowledge Focus c. Both a & b b. Bulk Manufacturing d. None of the above 6. Quality can be defined as ___________________. a. Perfection b. Consistency
c. Waste Elimination d. All of the above
7. Excellence is __________ and standard of excellence can vary among individuals. a. Absolute c. Abstract b. Relative d. Sequential 8. A product must be __________ to be considered a quality product by consumers. a. Beautiful c. Cheap b. Expensive d. Compact 9. Quality can be defined as_________________________________________________________. a. Measure of anonymous with superiority or excellence. b. Features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy needs. c. How well the product performs its non-intended function. d. Amount of divergence from usefulness or satisfaction to price.
10. _________ is a total system approach and an integral part of high-level strategy. c. TQ a. QA b. QC d. CDQ 11. Quality of products and services is directly influenced by _____ M’s. a. Nine c. Eight b. Ten d. Five 12. ________ Improvement refers to both incremental changes, which are small and gradual, and breakthrough, or large and rapid, improvements. a. Abrupt c. Relative b. Discontinuous d. Continuous 13. Which of the following is not included in 3C’s of Quality Management a. Co-operation c. Customer b. Communication d. Competition 14. Customer relationship management and Leadership and strategic planning are two basic elements of _____________________. a. Quality Control c. Total Quality d. Infrastructure b. Function Flow
15. Organizations must apply total quality at __________ levels. a. Two c. Four b. Three d. Five 16. ______ helps businesses and organizations to be efficient and improve customer satisfaction. a. ISO 9001 c. ISO 10303 b. ISO 9002 d. None of the above 17. TQM _______ specify what the objectives relating to “quality” or “meeting customer needs” should be. a. Does c. Sometimes b. Doesn’t d. Should 18. Which of the following statement is wrong:a. ISO 9001 is based on the idea of continual improvement. b. ISO 9001 needs to reflect changes in order to remain relevant. c. ISO 9001 is suitable for middle size organizations. d. All of the above
19. ISO 9001:2015 now follows the same overall structure as _______________________. a. Any level structure c. Medium level structure b. Low level structure d. High level structure 20. ISO usually have a _________ year transition period. a. One b. Two
c. Three d. Four
21. ISO _________ contains many of the and definitions used in ISO 9001. a. 9000 c. 9003 b. 9002 d. 9004
22. ISO _________ provides guidance on how to achieve sustained success with your quality management system. a. 9000 c. 9003 b. 9002 d. 9004
23. ISO _________ gives guidance for performing both internal and external audits to ISO 9001. a. 19010 c. 19012 b. 19011 d. 19013
24. ISO Standards are revised after _______ years to keep it current and relevant for the marketplace. a. Three c. Five b. Four d. six 25. Successful management relies on a ___________ perspective which is one of the most important elements of total quality. a. Surrounding c. Output b. Operations d. System 26. The PSQCA is now acting as National _____________________ for Pakistan. c. Equity Point a. Entry Point b. Enquiry Point d. Escape Point 27. PSQCA is a member of ____________. a. ISO b. ICE
c. OILM d. All of above
28. The Deming’s concept focuses on continual improvements in product and service quality by ____________ uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing and service processes. a. Increasing c. Reducing b. Uniform d. None of the above 29. “A System of Profound Knowledge” was introduced by __________________________. a. Kaizen c. Taylor b. Juran d. Deming 30. Deming never gave managers any ______ for achieving quality. a. Solution c. Assumption b. Question d. All of above 31. Quality planning, Quality control and Quality improvement are essential elements of _________. a. Deming Philosophy c. Kaizen Philosophy b. Juran Philosophy d. Taylor Philosophy 32. ______ is all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality. a. TQ c. QC b. QP d. QA 33. ISO 90001 is a _________ standard. a. QA b. QC
c. TQ d. None of the above
34. ______ is a process for maintaining standards. a. QC b. CQC
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
35. Planning + ________ = Quality Assurance a. Execution b. Quality Control
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
36. Quality Circles are _______ groups of employees who work on similar tasks or share an area of responsibility. a. Selected c. Mature b. Qualified d. Voluntary 37. Japanese experience indicated that ________ of the problems in the workshop can be solved through 7 QC Tools a. 93% c. 95% b. 94% d. 96%
38. ___________________________ are formed where there is a specific problem whose solution is unlikely to reside in a single department and which is large enough to justify the establishment of a team to resolve problem. a. Quality Planning Team c. Quality Control Team b. Quality Assurance Team d. Quality Improvement Team 39. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________. a. Inter-Departmental c. Both a & b b. Intra-Departmental d. None of the above 40. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________. c. Can vary a. Permanent b. Temporary d. None of the above 41. Management and Planning Tools include ___________________________. a. Scatter Diagram c. Arrow Diagram b. Matrix Diagram d. Both b & c 42. Continuous Improvement Tools include ____________________________. a. Control Charts c. Histograms b. Check Sheets d. All of the above 43. Adequate Training is ________________ for Quality Improvement Teams (QIT). a. Necessary c. Depend upon the situation b. Not Necessary d. None of the above 44. “Post-it Clustering” is which of the Management & Planning Tools technique? a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams
45. The tool that displays all the interrelated cause-and-effect relationships and factors involved in a complex problem and describes desired outcomes is______________________________. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams 46. ______________________ is used to break down broad categories into finer and finer levels of detail. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) d. Matrix Diagrams
47. ______________________ is used to prioritize items and describe them in of weighted criteria. a. Affinity Diagram c. Tree Diagram d. Prioritization Matrix b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID) 48. Forms that can be used to systematically collect data are called ________________________. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
49. ________________________ is a vertical bar chart in which the bars are arranged in the descending order of their height starting from the left and prioritize the problems or issues. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
50. Cause and Effect Diagram is also called ________________________. c. Both a & b a. Ishikawa Diagram d. None of the above b. Fishbone Diagram
51. Tool used for comparison when we have paired numerical data available is _________________. a. Check Sheets c. Cause and Effect Diagrams b. Pareto Diagrams d. Scatter Diagrams
52. _________________are used for finding the variation in a process and to know when a process changes. a. Histogram c. Fishbone Diagram b. Control Charts d. None of the above
53. Changes over time are not taken into in _________________. a. Histogram c. Both a & b b. Control Charts d. None of the above
54. Products are _________________. a. Intangible Offerings b. Tangible Offerings
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
55. Services are _________________. a. Intangible Offerings b. Tangible Offerings
c. Both a & b d. None of the above
56. The process of defining all of the company’s product characteristics is called ________________. a. Product Design c. Both a & b b. Process Selection d. None of the above
57. The development of the process necessary to produce the designed product is called ________________. a. Product Design c. Both a & b b. Process Selection d. None of the above
58. Idea development for a product begins with an idea from ________________. a. Customers c. Suppliers b. Competitors d. Any of the above
59. The ease with which the product can be made contributes towards ________________. a. Product Quality c. Customer Satisfaction b. Product Cost d. Overall Manufacturability
60. Last stage of product life cycle is ________________. a. Introduction b. Growth
c. Maturity d. Decline
61. Processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower volumes are ________________. a. Intermittent Process c. Both a & b b. Repetitive process d. None of the above
62. Processes used to produce one or a few standardized products in high volume are ________________. a. Intermittent Process c. Both a & b b. Repetitive process d. None of the above
63. A measure of how well a company used its resources is called ________________. a. Process Velocity c. Utilization b. Productivity d. Efficiency
64. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a methodology used to ensure that customers' requirements are met throughout ____________________. a. the product design process c. Both a & b b. in the design and operation of d. None of the above production systems
65. QFD is both a philosophy and set of ____________ tools that focuses on customer requirements:a. Planning and Communication c. Manufacturing and Marketing b. Design and Manufacturing d. None of the above
66. A major benefit of QFD is ____________________ among all constituencies in the production process:a. Improved Quality c. Improved Technical Characteristics d. Reduced Cost b. Improved Communications and Teamwork 67. The customer requirements, expressed in their own , are appropriately called __________. a. Customer Requirements c. Voice of the Customer b. Customer Demand d. None of the above
68. The ___________ relates customer attributes to technical features to ensure that any engineering decision has a basis in meeting a customer need. a. House of Quality c. Design of Experiments b. Analysis of Variance d. None of the above
69. _____________________________ translates technical features of the final product into design requirements for critical components. a. Technical Features Deployment c. Both a & b Matrix d. None of the above b. Customer Requirement Planning Matrix 70. _____________________________translate component features into critical process and product parameters and control points for each. a. Quality Function Deployment c. Both a & b b. Process Plan and Quality Control d. None of the above Charts 71. _____________________________ identify operations to be performed by plant personnel to assure that important process and product parameters are achieved. a. Standing Operating Procedures c. Operating instructions (SOPs) d. None of the above b. Quality Guidelines
72. The focus of ___________________ is translating customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each stage of product development and production. a. Quality Function Deployment c. Technical Features Deployment b. Customer Requirement Planning Matrix Matrix d. None of the above
73. _________________ seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and service processes. c. Six Sigma a. House of Quality b. Analysis of Variance d. None of the above
74. Six Sigma is based on a statistical measure that equates to _______ or fewer errors or defects per million opportunities (dpmo). a. 3.4 c. 4.4 b. 2.4 d. None of the above
75. Defects Per Opportunity (DPO) is the probability of units produced with ________defects by the process. a. 20 c. 10 b. Zero d. None of the above
76. As the sigma quality level increases, the DPMO _____________ and the Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) increases. a. Increases c. Decreases b. Remains Constant d. None of the above
77. ___________________________is the probability that a single unit can through a series of process steps free of defects. a. Rolled Throughput Yield c. First Yield b. Throughput Yield d. None of the above
78. ____________________________is used to perfect product and processes before use or release. a. Design for Manufacturing c. Design for Assembly b. Design for Six Sigma d. None of the above
79. ___________________ refers to a data-driven improvement tool used for Six Sigma projects for improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs. a. DMADV c. DMAIC b. DFSS d. None of the above
80. ________________________is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by quality professionals. a. Quality Control c. Statistical Quality Control b. Quality Assurance d. None of the above
81. Control charts for ____________are used to monitor characteristics that have discrete values and can be counted. a. Attributes c. Both a & b b. Variables d. None of the above
82. The errors for which one can conclude that there are assignable causes of variation when only normal variation exists are known as _______________. a. Type I Errors c. Alpha Risks (α) b. Type II Errors d. Both a & c
83. _______________ are used to monitor the dispersion or variability of the process. a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
84. _______________ are used to monitor the changes in the mean of a process (central tendencies). a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
85. __________________ are used to measure the proportion of items in a sample that are defective. a. R Charts c. P-Charts b. X-Bar Charts d. C-Charts
86. __________________ are used for discrete defects when there can be more than one defect per unit. a. R Charts c. P-Charts d. C-Charts b. X-Bar Charts
87. __________________ coined the term Six-Sigma to describe their higher quality efforts back in 1980’s. a. Motorola c. Honda b. Toyota d. None of the above
88. _____________________ refers to the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items from a lot or batch in order to decide whether to accept or reject the entire batch. a. Descriptive statistics c. Acceptance Sampling b. Statistical Process Control (SPC) d. None of the above
89. _____________________ are best used for in-process production. a. Control Charts c. Both a & b b. Acceptance Sampling d. None of the above
90. _____________________ is best used for inbound and outbound materials. c. Both a & b a. Control Charts b. Acceptance Sampling d. None of the above
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