Mind Mapping Template l3w1z

Chapter 2 The Structure of an atom

Atom , Molecule, Ion Structure of an atom

Standard representation

Isotope

Electronic structure

Chapter 3 Chemical Formulae and Equations Mol Number of Particles

Mass of substance

Volume of gas

Chemical formulae Cations Mg2+ … …

Anions Cl… … Ionic compound

Chemical equation Combustion of magnesium Reaction between Hydrogen gas and copper (II) oxide Combustion of ethanol Displacement of metal Displacement of halogen

Periodic Table of Elements

Proton number

Atomic size

Melting point and Boiling Point

Group 1 Group 17 Period 3

Transition metal

Special characteristics 1.

Example

2. 3. 4.

Properties of metal oxide in Period 3

Chemical bond Atoms are bonded together to

Reactivity

……………………………………………………………………. Ionic bond metal

Non metal

Example

Non metal

Covalent bond Non metal

Example

Compare and contrast the properties of Ionic compound Covalent compound

Electrochemistry Electrolysis Electrical  chemical

3 factors : At cathode

At anode

Molten Lead (II) Bromide

Application Extraction of metal

Copper (II) sulphate solution, carbon electrode Copper (II) sulphate solution, copper electrode

Purification of metal / electroplating

0.001 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid 0.5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid

Voltaic cell Chemical cell  electrical cell Copper - silver

Copper - magnesium

At negative terminal:

At negative terminal :

At positive terminal :

At positive terminal :

Construct the ECS Arrange the three metals in increasing order of electropositivity Explain.

Acids and Bases Acid

Alkali

Strong acid -PH

Strong Alkali-pH

Weak acid- pH

Weak alkali- pH

Chemical Properties Acid

Alkali

Concentration and Molarity

Neutralization

Titration Method

Salts Synthesizing salts Soluble

Soluble

Insoluble salt

Na+ / K+ / NH4+

Other salt

Qualitative Analysis of Salt Cation

Anions

Na+ ,Fe2+ ,Ca2+ ,Fe3+ ,Mg2+ ,Pb2+ , Al3+ ,Cu2+ ,Zn2+ ,NH4+

CO32- , SO42-, NO3-, Cl-

Effect of Heat on carbonate salt

Effect of heat on nitrate salt

Manufactured Substances In Industry Sulphuric Acid Manufacture of sulphuric acid

Uses of sulphuric acid

Environmental problem

Ammonia Manufacture of Ammonia

Uses of ammonia

Production of fertilizer ( ammonium sulphate

Alloys Type of alloy and its uses

Aim of alloying

Type of glass

Main component

Characteristics

Function

Soda lime,glass Lead crystal glass Borosilicate glass Fused silicate glass

Rate of reaction : -

Average rate of reaction =

Instantaneous Rate of reaction at T2 =

Explain the effects of 4 factors by using Collision Theory

Presence of catalyst

Higher Temperature of reactants

Smaller Size of reactants

Higher Concentration of reactants

4 factors affecting rate of reaction (A) Size of reactants / Total surface area of reactants

(B) Temperature of reactants

(C) Concentration of reactants

(D) Presence of catalyst

Carbon compound

Homologous Series Alkane Alkene Alcohol Carboxylic acid

General Formula

Functional Group

Member with 2C

Chemical Properties

Ester

Ethane

I

I

Ethene Hydration V

II

Ethanol

H2O (steam), 3000C, 60atm, phosphoric acid

III

IV

Ethyl ethanoate

Ethanoic acid Write the equations involved I II III IV V

Difference between alkane and alkene ALKANE CnH2n+2

ALKENE CnH2n

Saturated hydrocarbon

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Example : hexane, _______

Example : hexene, _______

Reaction with bromine water, Br2 ( uv rays)

Reaction with bromine water, Br2 Brown 

Eq :

Eq : Reaction with acidified potassium

manganate(VII) solution No visible change

Purple ________ Eq :

burns with a yellow sooty flame

burns with a yellow _____sooty flame

Eq:

because __________________________________ _______________ Eq :

Redox reaction Redox reaction Oxidation

Reduction Transfer of oxygen Transfer of hydrogen Oxidation number Transfer of electron

Example of redox reaction (A) change of iron (II) ions to iron (III) ions and vice versa

Observation : Half equation : 1) 2)

Ionic equation :

Change of iron (III) ions to iron (II) ions

Observation : Half equation : 1) 2)

Ionic equation :

(B) Displacement of metal from its salt solution

Observation : Half equation : 1) 2)

Ionic equation :

(C) Displacement of halogen from its halide solution

Observation : Half equation : 1) 2)

(D) Transfer of electrons at a distance

Ionic equation :

Observation : Half equation : 1) 2)

Ionic equation :

OXIDIZIN G AGENTS

OBSERVATION

REDUCIN G AGENTS

KmnO4

MnO4 - + 8 H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O

Cl

OBSERVATION

-

Colourless  pale yellow

Purple  colourless K2Cr2O7

Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e 2Cr3+ + 2H2O

Br

-

Colourless  orange

Orange  green Cl

I

2

-

Pale yellow  colourless Br

Colourless  yellow Fe

2

Orange  colourless

3+

Yellow  pale green

Thermochemistry Usually chemical reaction involved bond breaking ( __requires energy____) and bond formation (___releases energy_____) . Application of exothermic and endothermic reaction. Cold pack

Help to reduce high temperature and swelling

Hot pack

Help to warm up something, lessen pain.

Endothermic reaction



Is a chemical reaction that ____________________ from the surrounding, causing the temperature of surrounding to ____________ .



Total energy contained in the products is ______________ than of the reactant.



Example: Dissolving (water) ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate,

 NH4+ + NO3-

ammonium sulphate. Dissolving of hydrated salt Copper sulphate (5) Sodium carbonate Thermal decomposition of salts Nitrates salt and carbonate salt( copper/Ca)

Exothermic reaction Definition

 CaO +  NO2+

+

Heat of displacement

The heat change when one mole of a ____________ is _______________ from its _________________ by __________________

Heat of precipitation

The heat change when one mole of a ________________ is formed from _________________ in _________________________

Heat of neutralization

The heat change when one mole of ____________ is formed from the reaction ______________ and _____________.

Heat of combustion

The heat change when one mole of a ____________ is ___________________ under standard conditions.

Chemical for Consumers Soap and Detergent Saponification

Cleansing action of soap

Effectiveness of soap and detergent in hard water

Food Additives

Examples

Function

Side effects on health

Medicines

Examples

Function

Side effects on health