One Word Substitution 122t6n

One Word Substitution

English Language and Comprehension 471

Chapter 28

One Word Substitution Introduction Brevity is the soul of wit. Then, you have to be precise and to the point. You just cannot put your ideas across succinctly — without mincing words — unless you are direct and forthright. Too many words (verbosity) and roundabout statements (circumlocution) impede

the smooth flow of thoughts and ofte n cre ate confusion. So, in exhibiting your sentiment by speech, the narrower the com of the word is, the more energetic is the impression. You have, in English, different words for group of people in the different situations of life. For example,

A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE         

at a lecture or concert at a match in the street in a riot in a church, mosque, temple in a rowdy scene watching a TV programme attending a funeral listening to a broadcast programme

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audience spectators crowd mob congregation rabble viewers mourners listeners

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It is, therefore, advisable to study the list of one-word substitution to help add ‘pep’ to your expression.                      

A minister representing a sovereign or a state in a foreign country A person sent on a mission A person who spends his money recklessly A person who can neither read nor write A person who lives at the same time as another A lover of mankind A lover of womankind A lover of oneself A lover of others A lover of food A person who loves his own country A person who regards the whole world as his country A person who believes in the total abolition of war A person who is fond of fighting A man who is womanish in his habits A person who is devoted to the welfare of women One who is all-powerful One who is present everywhere One who knows everything One who believes in fate One who supplicates or entreats earnestly One who has narrow religious views

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ambassador emissary spendthrift illiterate contemporary philanthropist philogynist egoist altruist gourmand patriot cosmopolitan pacifist bellicose effeminate feminist omnipotent omnipresent omniscient fatalist supplicant bigot

472 English Language and Comprehension                               

One who plays for pleasure One who plays for money One who eats too much One who feeds on vegetables One who eats human flesh One who breaks images and idols One who is over-enthusiastic about some religious principles or beliefs One who walks in sleep One who talks in sleep One who makes a scientific study of language One who knows many languages One who enjoys another person’s confidence One who is appointed by parties to settle disputes One who breaks in a house to steal One who sails around stopping and robbing ships at sea One who abstains from alcoholic drink A person who leaves his own country and goes to live in another A person who comes to one country from another to settle To send out of one’s native country One who leads others in any field One who commits the first act of attack One who speaks for others One who wastes money for luxury One who is unable to pay his debt One who abandons his religious faith One who makes an eloquent public speech One who undergoes the penalty of death for persistence in his faith A child whose parents are dead A man whose wife is dead A woman whose husband is dead A person who takes advantage of every change for success, sometimes to other people’s disadvantage A girl or woman who flirts, that is, tries to attract people and make advances in love simply to satisfy her vanity A person who has a long experience of any occupation A person who does clever tricks which appear magical A person who travels into or through a country for the purpose of learning about it A disease that can be spread by touch A disease that is found regularly in a particular place A disease that causes death A child born after the death of its father A child brought up by persons who are not its parents Having a tendency to break the law to do socially unacceptable things A disease caused by bacteria and ed from one person to another A remedy for all kinds of diseases A medicine that induces sleep An office which has no work but high salary A game or battle in which no party gains victory A roundabout way of expression

One Word Substitution : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

amateur professional glutton vegetarian cannibal iconoclast fanatic somnambulist somniloquent linguist polyglot confidant arbitrator burglar pirate teetotaller emigrant immigrant expatriate pioneer aggressor spokesman extravagant insolvent/bankrupt apostate orator martyr orphan widower widow

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opportunist

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coquette veteran conjuror

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explorer contagious endemic fatal posthumous foster-child delinquent infectious panacea narcotic sinecure drawn circumlocution

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               

One Word Substitution                                                


A story in which ideas are symbolized as people A short simple story designed to teach a moral or religious lesson A short story in which animals or objects speak a story that gives wholesome moral lesson A talk between two people An old story about great events and people in ancient times, which may not be true A long speech for a single actor or actress, usually alone on a stage An introduction to a long poem, a play, etc A speech made by one of the actors at the end of a play A string of beads used for prayer The act of speaking aloud one’s thoughts when alone A speech which is delivered without any previous preparation The first venture of a person The life-history of a man written by himself The life-history of a man written by someone else Animals which live both on land and in water Animals which live in flocks Animals which give milk and suckle their young ones An animal which lives on the flesh of others Animals which live in water A style full of words A style in which a writer displays his knowledge Repetition or writing word for word Matter written by hand Words opposite in meaning Words different in meaning but similar in sound Words similar in meaning Anything which is no longer in use Article sold by one country to another Article bought by one country from another A state which is impartial to all religions That which cannot be heard That which cannot be consumed by fire That which cannot be believed That which cannot be blotted That which cannot be denied or questioned That which cannot be cured That which cannot be corrected or reformed That which cannot be explained That which cannot be expressed in words That without which one can’t do That which cannot be extinguished That which cannot be avoided That which never tires out That which cannot be easily reached That which cannot be itted or allowed That which cannot be defended That which cannot be excused That which can be easily set on fire

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allegory parable

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fable dialogue

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legend monologue prologue epilogue rosary soliloquy extempore maiden autobiography biography amphibians gregarious mammals carnivorous aquatic verbose pedantic verbatim manuscript antonym homonym synonym obsolete export import secular inaudible incombustible incredible indelible indisputable incurable incorrigible inexplicable inexpressible indispensable inextinguishable inevitable inexhaustible inaccessible inissible indefensible inexcusable inflammable

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474 English Language and Comprehension                                                  

That which never fails That which can be seen through That which cannot be seen That which cannot be repaired That which cannot be perceived by the senses That which cannot be changed That which is not to the point That which cannot be taken by force or arms Incapable of being read Incapable of being wounded Incapable of being divided Incapable of being dissolved Incapable of being understood Incapable of being imitated Incapable of being practised Fit to be chosen That which cannot be seen through That which happens every two years That which happens every four years That which happens every half year That which occurs time after time That which happens once in three years A man who leads an immoral life A medicine to counteract the effect of poison A medicine which can loosen the bowels The science of speech sound The science of reasoning The science which deals with the derivation of words Related to the sun Related to the moon The practice of marrying only once The practice of having two wives or two husbands at a time The practice of marrying more than one wife at a time The practice of marrying more than one husband at a time Allowance due to a wife on legal separation from her husband Property inherited from one’s father or ancestors Of unknown or unitted authorship An imaginary name assumed by an author for disguise The cessation of warfare before a treaty is signed The act of violating the sanctity of the church The act of speaking disrespectfully about sacred things An office for which no salary is paid The sum paid to a man for his labour Yearly return of a date Compulsory enlistment of military and other services Of one’s own free will All of one mind Occurring at the same time Give tit for tat A figure with many angles and sides

One Word Substitution : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

infallible transparent invisible irreparable imperceptible irrevocable irrelevant impregnable illegible invulnerable indivisible insoluble unintelligible inimitable impracticable eligible opaque biennial quadrennial semiannual perennial triennial libertine antidote laxative phonetics logic etymology solar lunar monogamy bigamy polygamy polyandry alimony patrimony anonymous pseudonym armistice sacrilege blasphemy honorary remuneration anniversary conscription voluntary unanimous simultaneous retaliate polygon

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One Word Substitution                        


Total loss of voice One who walks on foot One who is fond of entertaining guests One who is out to destroy all government, law and order One who is revengeful One who is interested in old things, works of art or books One who deceives by pretending to be someone else The worship of idols or images The original inhabitants of a country Persons who work in the same department of an office A soldier who fights for the sake of money A formal written charge against a person for some crime or offence Forensic examination of a dead body Engaged in war A person who has many love affairs without intending to marry A person who helps a helpless person or stranger One who can use either hand with perfect ease The state of abstention from marriage Land that grows things in abundance Land that does not grow anything A disease that spreads over a large area A house which is visited by ghosts The place where clothes are kept A political leader who tries to appeal to the feelings of people to stir them up A place of rest and recuperation for the sick A place for the burial of dead bodies A place where birds and beasts are kept for public to see A person who introduces the performers, speakers etc A place where books are bound A boastful fellow who behaves recklessly A place where stone, slate, etc is obtained for building, road-making etc A structure erected in remembrance of a person or event A gambling den Closed vehicle for carrying sick or wounded people Force of aircraft used to protect a military or naval operation List of things to be done, business to be discussed by a committee A record of list of one’s ancestors in the order of succession or descent An imaginary place where ideally perfect social and political conditions are supposed to exist Paradise or a place where one gets supreme delight and bliss A small set or committee of top leaders which runs the election for the party Person who pilots or travels in a balloon, airship or other aircraft Person who writes from dictation from somebody Person who believes that nothing can be known about God or of anything except material things

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aphonia pedestrian hospitable anarchist vindictive antiquarian impostor idolatry aborigines colleagues mercenary indictment postmortem belligerent philanderer Samaritan ambidextrous celibacy fertile barren epidemic haunted wardrobe

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demagogue sanatorium cemetery zoo compere bindery swashbuckler quarry monument casino ambulance air-cover agenda genealogy

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Utopia Elysium

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caucus aeronaut amanuensis

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agnostic


476 English Language and Comprehension

Exercise Directions: Out of the four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence 1. One who knows many languages. a) Linguist b) Polyglot c) Translater d) Phonetician 2. One who does not follow the usual rules of social life. a) Bohemian b) Artisan c) Partisan d) Physician 3. Placing a thing beside another. a) Impose b) Repose c) Juxtapose d) Expose 4. To throw or drop unnecessary goods or fuel from a ship, an aircraft, a spacecraft etc. a) Capsize b) Enthral c) Volley d) Jettison 5. Wild and noisy disorder. a) Agitation b) Revolution c) Pandemonium d) Stir 6. Possessing unlimited powers. a) Omniscient b) Omnipotent c) Omnipresent d) Omnicompetent 7. He is a doctor who is a spe cialist in skin diseases. a) Cardiologist b) Physician c) Dermatologist d) Physicist 8. One who retires from society and lives alone. a) Saint b) Giant c) Plaintiff d Recluse 9. The art of making pots, bricks etc, with clay. a) Potting b) Ceramics c) Crockery d) Dynamics 10. Living at the same time. a) Concurrent b) Contemporary c) Coincident d) Concomitant 11. Give and receive mutually a) Present b) Reciprocate c) Compromise d) Approve 12. One who can think about the future with imagination and wisdom a) Dreamer b) Seer c) Idealist d) Visionary 13. A doctor who treats children a) Paediatrician b) Pedagogue c) Pedestrian d) Paedophile 14. One who studies election trends by means of opinion polls a) Entomologist b) Psephologist c) Demagogue d) Eugenist 15. One who believes in offering equal opportunities to women in all spheres a) Male Chauvinist b) Feminist c) Fatalist d) Futurist

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Killing of a child a) Homicide b) Genocide c) Infanticide d) Suicide The art of good eating a) Gastronomy b) Astronomy c) Vegetarianism d) Gourmet One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain a) Stoic b) Stylist c) Cynic d) Psychic Lasting only for a moment a) Momentous b) Momentary c) Trivial d) Petty To seize control of a vehicle in order to force it to go to a new destination, or demand something a) Attack b) Contract c) Hijack d) Detour Simple, fast-spreading plant without flowers or leaves, which can often cause disease. a) Bacteria b) Amoeba c) Virus d) Fungus One who is greedy a) Voracious b) Avaricious c) Carnivorous d) Omnivorous An area of land that is controlled by a ruler a) Colony b) Dominion c) County d) Municipality A place where Jews worship according to their religion a) Cathedral b) Synagogue c) Chapel d) Demagogue One who is indifferent to pleasure and pain a) Ascetic b) Esoteric c) Stoic d) Sceptical The study of religion and religious ideas and beliefs a) Theocracy b) Theosophy c) Theology d) Theism Dissection of a dead body to find out the cause of death a) Biopsy b) Investigation c) Surgery d) Autopsy A person without training or experience in a skill or subject a) Chaplain b) Mason c) Artisan d) Novice One who stays away from school without permission a) Pedant b) Supplicant c) Mendicant d) Truant The act of killing a whole group of people, especially a whole race a) Patricide b) Parricide c) Matricide d) Genocide One who deserts his principles or party. a) Apostle b) Proselytize c) Renegade d) Critic

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One who intervenes between two or more parties to settle differences a) Neutral b) Intermediary c) Judge d) Connoisseur The habit of always iring oneself a) Psychosis b) Neurosis c) Narcissism d) Paranoia To take back, withdraw or renounce a) Repent b) Retrace c) Refuse d) Recant A pen for small animals a) Hutch b) Lair c) Den d) Cage Pen = a small piece of land surrounded by a fence in which farm animals are kept A woman having more than one husband at the same time a) Polyandry b) Polygamy c) Polyphony d) Polyglot Feeding on food made both of plants and flesh a) Carnivorous b) Omnipotent c) Omnivorous d) Optimist One who destroys images or attacks popular beliefs a) Imagist b) Misanthropist c) Iconoclast d) Masochist Violation of something holy and sacred a) Pollution b) Pilferage c) Sacrilege d) Pittance A place where nuns live and work a) Church b) School c) Convent d) Abode One who has obstinate and narrow religious views a) Theosophist b) Bigot c) Philosopher d) Theologian The sound of a funeral bell a) Knell b) Spell c) Ding d) Ding-dong Military waking signal sounded in the morning a) Reveille b) Lullaby c) Anthem d) Soprano Study of insects a) Ecology b) Embryology c) Entomology d) Biology A person in his seventies a) Sexagenarian b) Septuagenarian c) Centurion d) Patriarch Belief that war and violence are unjustified a) Neutralisation b) Pessimism c) Naturalisation d) Pacifism A group of girls a) Bevy b) Convoy c) Troupe d) Coterie Causing or ending in death a) Fatal b) Deadly c) Serious d) Dangerous

English Language and Comprehension 477 49.

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A short poem or spee ch addresse d to the spectators after the conclusion of a drama a) Prologue b) Dialogue c) Epilogue d) Monologue One who loves books a) Scholar b) Bibliographer c) Teacher d) Bibliophile That which would burn easily a) Incendiary b) Incantatory c) Inflammable d) Incandescent Place of gathering for public discussion a) Platform b) Dais c) Stage d) Forum An addition to the end of a letter a) Post-script b) Prelude c) Post-natal d) Postmortem Young cow that has not yet had a calf a) Cowlet b) Colt c) Ewe d) Heifer A mournful song (or poem) for the dead a) Ballad b) Dirge c) Ode d) Lyric The dead skin cast off by a snake a) Bough b) Slough c) Peelings d) Borough Science dealing with bird life a) Zoology b) Ornithology c) Etymology d) Philology One who is from 60 to 69 years old a) Sexton b) Sexologist c) Sexagenarian d) Sextuplet Someone who keeps bees a) Apiarist b) Horticulturist c) Ornithologist d) Pathologist Speaking one's thoughts aloud to oneself a) Apostrophise b) Memorise c) Soliloquize d) Solemnise A person with a long experience of any occupation a) Veteran b) Genius c) Seasoned d) Ambidexterous Words written on a tomb a) Epithet b) Epigraph c) Soliloquy d) Epitaph Stealthily done a) Devious b) Nefarious c) Surreptitious d) Villainous Something no longer in use a) Desolate b) Absolute c) Obsolete d) Primitive One not concerned with right or wrong a) Moral b) Amoral c) Immoral d) Immortal A person who opposes war or use of military force a) Fascist b) Pacifist c) Narcissist d) Fatalist Severely abusive writing in journals a) Imaginary b) Speculative c) Scurrilous d) Sarcastic

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478 English Language and Comprehension 68.

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Call upon God or any other power (like law) etc, for help or protection a) Invocation b) Involution c) Inundation d) Revocation Fear of being enclosed in a small closed space a) Agoraphobia b) Claustrophobia c) Xenophobia d) Paranoia One who has become dependent on something of drugs is a) Adamant b) Edict c) Addict d) Derelict Succession of rulers belonging to one family a) Dynasty b) Lineage c) Ancestry d) Progeny To cut something into two pieces a) Severe b) Sever c) Sewer d) Sow Flat metal or porcelain plate fixed on a wall as an ornament or memorial a) Tabloid b) Poster c) Board d) Plaque Act of deceiving somebody in order to make money a) Fraud b) Robbery c) Pickpocket d) Theft A short poem or spee ch addresse d to the spectators after the conclusion of a drama a) Prologue b) Dialogue c) Epilogue d) Monologue Capable of being understood in either of two or more possible senses, and therefore not definite a) Amphibious b) Ambiguous c) Amorphous d) Confusing A person who is unable to pay his debts a) Solvent b) Banker c) Insolvent d) Lender Anything which is no longer in use a) Obscure b) Obsolete c) Pristine d) Lapsed A person coming to a foreign land to settle there a) Immigrant b) Emigrant c) Tourist d) Settler Something capable of being done a) Probable b) Feasible c) Tenable d) Explicable One who goes to settle in another country a) Immigrant b) Alien c) Citizen d) Emigrant One who hates mankind a) Philanthropist b) Terrorist c) Misanthrope d) Misogynist Belonging to all parts of the world a) Versatile b) Universal c) Cosmopolitan d) Secular One who walks on ropes a) Funambulist b) Upholsterer c) Acrobat d) Aviator The study of the origin and history of words a) Linguistics b) Etymology c) Verbose d) Anthology

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A person who breaks into a house in order to ste al a) Poacher b) Bandit c) Intruder d) Burglar The study of maps a) Cartography b) Geography c) Geology d) Atlas Tough tissues in ts a) Ligaments b) Endoderm c) Muscles d) Fibre The first model of a new device a) Prototype b) Sculpture c) Icon d) Photograph A building where an audience sits a) Aquarium b) Gymnasium c) Auditorium d) Stadium One who collects coins a) Archaeologist b) Numismatist c) Philatelist d) Connoisseur A system of Government in which only one political party is allowed to function a) Oligarchy b) Dictatorship c) Totalitarianism d) Theocracy Customs and habits of a particular group a) Mores b) Traditions c) Rites d) Rituals A body of persons appointed to hear evidence and give their verdict in trials a) Association b) Council c) Bar d) Jury Indifference to pleasure or pain a) Perseverance b) Tolerance c) Stoicism d) Reticence Building in which dead bodies are kept for a time a) Mortuary b) Monastery c) Sanatorium d) Crematorium One who believes that gaining pleasure is the most important thing in life a) Hedonist b) Pessimist c) Misanthrope d) Philistine One who breaks the established traditions and image a) Fatalist b) Fanatic c) Iconoclast d) Philologist Property handed down after the death of a person a) Legacy b) Legend c) Patrimony d) Inheritance General view of a person's character a) Biography b) Profile c) Introduction d) Sketch Wild and noisy disorder a) Agitation b) Revolution c) Pandemonium d) Stir The first public speech delivered by a person a) Maiden speech b) Inaugural speech c) Trial speech d) Marathon speech One who does not follow the usual rules of social life a) Bohemian b) Artisan c) Partisan d) Physician

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One Word Substitution 104. Placing a thing beside another a) Impose b) Repose c) Juxtapose d) Expose 105. Expert in the scientific study of birds. a) Dermatologist b) Zoologist c) Ornithologist d) Astronaut 106. To be biased against a) Partial b) Objective c) Prejudiced d) Predestined 107. Motion of he ad, hands e tc, as a mode of expression indicating attitude a) Gesture b) Grin c) Gestation d) Grimace 108. Bitter and violent attack in words a) Diaspora b) Diacriticism c) Diadem d) Diatribe 109. Treatment by means of exercise and massage a) Chemotherapy b) Hydrotherapy c) Physiotherapy d) Psychotherapy 110. The abandonment of one's country or cause a) Defection b) Disloyalty c) Desertion d) Migration 111. A place where birds are ketp a) Aquarium b) Den c) Aviary d) Sanctuary 112. A method which never fails a) Unflinching b) Irreparable c) Irremediable d) Infallible 113. Something which cannot be believed a) Inevitable b) Ineffable c) Incredible d) Ineluctable 114. Body of a human being or animal embalmed for burial a) Corpse b) Mummy c) Morgue d) Mortuary 115. Of very bad morals, characterised by debasement or degeneration a) Desultory b) Dilapidated c) Depraved d) Dilatory 116. Government by a ruler who has unlimited power a) Despotism b) Autocracy c) Monarchy d) Anarchy 117. An occasion of great importance a) Exemplary b) Momentous c) Herculean d) Grandiose 118. A person who is always hopeful and looks upon the brighter side of things a) Florist b) Artist c) Theist d) Optimist 119. Place of burial a) Cave b) Church c) Synagogue d) Cemetery 120. To have a very high opinion of oneself a) Exaggeration b) Adulation c) Abundance d) Conceited 121. One who believes in giving equal opportunity to women in all fields a) Fanatic b) Misogynist c) Philanderer d) Feminist

English Language and Comprehension 479 122. Inability to sleep a) Hysteria b) Insomnia c) Aphasia d) Amnesia 123. One who is given to pleasures of the flesh a) Terrestrial b) Epicurean c) Celestial d) Pedestrian 124. A tank where fish or water plants are kept a) Aquarium b) Sanatorium c) Nursery d) Aviary 125. A person who never takes alcoholic drinks a) Teetotaller b) Alcoholic c) Addict d) Bagpipes 126. That which lasts for a short time a) Regular b) Transitory c) Rotatory d) Repository 127. Ready to believe anything a) Credible b) Incredible c) Credulous d) Incredulous 128. A four footed animal a) Tetraped b) Quadruped c) Polyped d) Double-paired 129. A person who believes in the total abolition of war a) Socialist b) Communist c) Fascist d) Pacifist 130. Constant efforts to achieve something a) Patience b) Vigour c) Attempt d) Perseverance 131. A government in which all religions are honoured a) Communist b) Socialistic c) Secular d) Capitalist 132. A place where government/public records are kept a) Archive b) Museum c) Shelf d) Cellar 133. Living together of a man and woman without being married to each other a) Marriage b) Equipage c) Lineage d) Concubinage 134. Too much official formality a) Bureaucracy b) Red-tapism c) Nepotism d) Formalism 135. Dry weather with no rainfall a) Draught b) Draft c) Drought d) Desert 136. The worship of idols or images a) Atheism b) Theism c) Idolatry d) Iconoclasm 137. Something that is poisonous or unhealthy a) Trivial b) Toxic c) Torpid d) Tragic 138. A remedy for all diseases a) Amnesia b) Panacea c) Intelligentsia d) Parasol 139. A hater of mankind a) Misanthrope b) Misogynist c) Philanthropist d) Misogamist 140. Irresistible craving for alcoholic drinks a) Megalomania b) Dipsomania c) Kleptomania d) Pyromania

K KUNDAN


480 English Language and Comprehension 141. A government by officials a) Oligarchy b) Aristocracy c) Plutocracy d) Bureaucracy 142. One who walks in sleep a) Somniloquist b) Egoist c) Somnambulist d) Altruist 143. Commencement of adjacent words with the same letter a) Pun b) Alliteration c) Transferred epithet d) Oxymoron 144. A specialist who tests eyesight a) Optician b) Ophthalmologist c) Ichthyologist d) Neurologist 145. A wall built to prevent the sea or a river from flooding an area a) Dam b) Mound c) Dyke d) Embankment 146. Be lie f that God is in e ve rything and that everything is God a) Atheism b) Pantheism c) Scepticism d) Animism 147. A picture of a person or a thing drawn in such a highly exaggerated manner as to cause laughter a) Cartoon b) Cacography c) Cartography d) Caricature 148. The state of being mise rable bere ft of all possessions a) Dependant b) Complacent c) Destitute d) Omnipresent 149. That which cannot be called back a) Irresponsible b) Irrevocable c) Irredeemable d) Incalculable 150. One who journeys from place to place a) Quack b) Cannibal c) Itinerant d) Courier 151. Study of insects is a) Etymology b) Entomology c) Ecology d) Embryology 152. Careful in the spending of money, time etc a) Punctual b) Economical c) Miserly d) Calculative 153. Reproducing or memorizing word for word a) Verbatim b) Verbose c) Verbiage d) Verbalism 154. That which cannot be captured a) Untakable b) Ungrippable c) Impregnable d) Slippery 155. One who breaks the law a) Aggressor b) Politician c) Transgressor d) Pedestrian 156. Study of the problems of legal punishment and prison management a) Penology b) Criminology c) Neurology d) Ragamuffin 157. Paying the back injury with injury a) Repression b) Reprisal c) Subjugation d) Vendetta 158. The firing of a number of guns together as a salute

159.

160.

161.

162.

163.

164.

165.

166.

a) Salvo b) Gunsalute c) Reception d) Jingoism Short remaining end of a cigarette a) Filing b) Pinch c) Filament d) Stub A person who makes love without intentions a) Romeo b) Goon c) Consort d) Philanderer One who abstains from alcoholic drinks a) Teetotaller b) Drunkard c) Idiot d) Philosopher Information gathering activity a) Logistics b) Reconnaissance c) Subversion d) Camouflage Hard to understand a) Punctilious b) Obtuse c) Absurd d) Abstruse Subtle difference in colour, meaning, etc a) Nuance b) Variant c) Indifference d) Change-over A place of refuge and safety a) Sanatorium b) Asylum c) Nursery d) Resort Incapable of being corrected a) Inconsolable b) Incredible c) Brilliant d) Incorrigible Skilful at handling things a) Handicraft b) Clever c) Dexterous d) Fastidious A hater of women a) Misogamist b) Misogynist c) Philanderer d) Misanthrope One who collects coins a) Meteorologist b) Metallurgist c) Alchemist d) Numismatist That which is out of place a) Anachronistic b) Obsolete c) Incongruous d) Archaic Equal in rank, merit or quality a) Contemporary b) Colleague c) Chum d) Peer Science of heredity a) Hereditary b) Genetics c) Genesis d) Inheritance Arrangement in order of occurrence a) Timely b) Chronological c) Chronic d) Temporal Occurring at night a) Nightly b) Dark c) Neurotic d) Nocturnal Determine the nature of the disease a) Investigate b) Determine c) Diagnose d) Detect To feel or express disapproval of something or someone a) Declare b) Deprive c) Depreciate d) Deprecate

K KUNDAN 167.

168.

169.

170.

171.

172.

173.

174.

175.

176.

One Word Substitution 177. Handwriting that cannot be read a) Ineligible b) Decipher c) Ugly d) Illegible 178. Animals that can live on land and in water a) Anthropoid b) Aquatic c) Amphibian d) Aquarium 179. Easily duped or fooled a) Insensible b) Perceptible c) Gullible d) Indefensible 180. Fear of water a) Claustrophobia b) Hydrophobia c) Insomnia d) Obsession 181. Concluding part of a literary work a) Epilogue b) Bibliography c) Soliloquy d) Episode 182. One who is beyond reform a) Optimistic b) Incorrigible c) Indefatigable d) Notorious 183. Science of diseases a) Philology b) Pathology c) Psychology d) Virology 184. One who secretly listens to the talk of others a) Spy b) Detective c) Emissary d) Eavesdropper 185. One who be lie ve s in no gove rnme nt and therefore incites disorder in a State a) Monarchist b) Anarchist c) Autocrat d) Naxalite 186. A mild or indirect expression substituted for an offensive or harsh one a) Euphemism b) Truism c) Favouritism d) Altruism 187. The murder of parent or a near relative a) Patricide b) Parricide c) Matricide d) Homicide 188. Animals who live in herds a) Sociable b) Gregarious c) Carnivorous d) Social 189. A broad road bordered with trees a) Boudoir b) Boulevard c) Avenue d) Facade 190. Violation of something holy or sacred a) Profanity b) Sedition c) Sacrilege d) Slander 191. A sly look that is lustful a) Leer b) Lore c) Lark d) Littoral 192. A jocular person who is full of amusing anecdotes a) Wiles b) Yokel c) Wag d) Aeon 193. Deep in thought a) Meditation b) Pensive c) Pesky d) Purloin 194. Without risk of punishment a) Impudent b) Impunity c) Inexorable d) Imperturbable 195. Excessive preoccupation with one’s health a) Hypochondria b) Malaise c) Disaffected d) Malinger

English Language and Comprehension 481 196. Ceremonial sounding of trumpets a) Fanfare b) Symphony c) Orchestra d) Band 197. One who is fond of superior foods and drinks a) Fastidious b) Drunkard c) Glutton d) Epicure 198. Something that is believable a) Credible b) Credulous c) Gullible d) Genuine 199. Swelling from abnormal growth in some part of the body a) Graft b) Ulcer c) Hemorrhage d) Tumour 200. A person who lends money at a very high rate of interest a) Investor b) Usurper c) Usurer d) Lender 201. Opinion contrary to accepted doctrine a) Blasphemy b) Perjury c) Iconoclasm d) Heresy 202. One who does not care for art or literature a) Bureaucart b) Illiterate c) Philanderer d) Philistine 203. A person or a thing which is unrivalled a) Nonpareil b) Nincompoop c) Niggardly d) Non sequitur 204. One who is beyond correction or reform a) Insurmountable b) Inimitable c) Incorrigible d) Invincible 205. A group of stars forming a pattern in the sky a) Galaxy b) Constellation c) Orbit d) Stellar 206. Work for which one does not take salary or payment a) Remunerated b) Charge-sheet c) Complementary d) Honorary 207. No longer in use a) Absolute b) Obsolete c) Contemporary d) Remote 208. Careful and thorough enquiry a) Investigation b) Interview c) Examination d) Exploration 209. The violent storm made it difficult for them to reach the shore a) Weather b) Rains c) Breeze d) Tempest 210. A pe rson who dishone stly pre te nds to be somebody else a) Imperialist b) Impressionist c) Implorer d) Impostor 211. A situation that stops an activity from progressing a) By b) Breach c) Bottleneck d) Blockhead 212. A body of persons appointed to hear evidence and give their verdict in trials a) Association b) Council c) Bar d) Jury

K KUNDAN


482 English Language and Comprehension 213. A movement of part of the body to express an idea or feeling a) Jibe b) Gesture c) Pose d) Mimicry 214. Failing to discharge one's duty a) Debacle b) Dereliction c) Determination d) Deterrent 215. A person who is physically dependent on a substance a) Criminal b) Martyr c) Gladiator d) Addict 216. A child born after the death of its father is called a) An orphan b) A deprived child c) A waif d) A posthumous child 217. A legal agreement by which a person borrows money from a bank usually to buy a house a) Document b) Mortgage c) Lease d) Invoice 218. Able to use the left hand and right hand equally well a) Ambivert b) Ambidextrous c) Ambivalent d) Ambitious 219. One who hates women a) Philanthropist b) Ascetic c) Misogamist d) Misogynist 220. A system of naming things a) Horticulture b) Miniature c) Genocide d) Nomenclature 221. A raised ageway in a building a) Walkway b) Walkout c) Walkabout d) Walkover 222. A cure for all diseases a) Laxative b) Panacea c) Antidote d) Purgative 223. A person who loves mankind a) Misanthrope b) Anthropologist c) Philanthropist d) Mercenary 224. To confirm with the help of evidence a) Corroborate b) Implicate c) Designate d) Extricate 225. The action of looking within or into one's own mind a) Observation b) Examination c) Introspection d) Introvert 226. One who has narrow and prejudiced religious views a) Religious b) Fanatic c) Bigot d) God-fearing 227. Capable of being interpreted in two ways a) Confusing b) Unclear c) Ambiguous d) Ambivert 228. To be dogmatic in one's opinions a) Plaintive b) Opinionated c) Undoubtable d) Secular 229. Intense and unreasoned fear or dislike a) Horror b) Phobia c) Fright d) Scare 230. Excessively enthusiastic unreasonably about something

231.

232.

233.

234.

235.

236.

237.

238.

a) Spirited b) Interested c) Fanatical d) Despotic An agreement between two countries or groups to stop fighting a) Compromise b) Ceasefire c) Outpost d) Protocol Full of criticism and mockery a) Discrimination b) Ridicule. c) Satire d) Contempt A remedy for all diseases a) Narcotic b) Antiseptic c) Tonic d) Panacea The killing of whole group of people a) Genocide b) Germicide c) Patricide d) Suicide The plants and vegetation of a region a) Fauna b) Flora c) Landscape d) Environment That which is without opposition a) Unaware b) Verdict c) Unanimous d) Spontaneous Strong dislike between two persons a) Aversion b) Antipathy c) Apathy d) Despair Place where wine is made a) Bakery b) Cloakroom c) Tannery d) Brewery A paper written by hand a) Handicraft b) Handiwork c) Manuscript d) Thesis The art of preserving skin of animals, birds and fish a) Taxonomy b) Taxidermy c) Topology d) Seismology Related to moon a) Solar b) Moony c) Lunar d) Honeymoon To run away with a lover a) Deceive b) Cheat c) Escape d) Elope An underhand device resorted to in order to justify misconduct a) Subterfuge b) Manoeuvre c) Stratagem d) Complicity Impossible to describe a) Miraculous b) Ineffable c) Stupendous d) Appalling One who criticizes popular beliefs which he thinks are mistaken or unwise a) Philistine b) Iconoclast c) Impostor d) Cannibal Detaining and confining someone a) Interruption b) Interrogation c) Interment d) Internment Science of the races of mankind a) Genealogy b) Epistemology c) Ethnology d) Sociology One who hides away on a ship to obtain a free age

K KUNDAN 239.

240.

241.

242.

243.

244.

245.

246.

247.

248.

One Word Substitution a) Compositor b) Stoker c) Stowaway d) Shipwright 249. Clues available at a scene a) Circumstantial b) Derivative c) Inferential d) Suggestive 250. An unexpected piece of good fortune a) Windfall b) Philanthropy c) Benevolence d) Turnstile 251. An emolument over and above fixed income or salary a) Honorarium b) Sinecure c) Perquisite d) Prerogative 252. The animals of a particular region a) Flora b) Museum c) Zoo d) Fauna 253. One who is unable to pay debts a) Debtor b) Indebted c) Borrower d) Insolvent 254. A roundabout way of speaking a) Loose-tongued b) Loquacious c) Circumlocution d) Talkative 255. An order requiring a person to attend a court a) Courtship b) Agreement c) Subpoena d) Command 256. An imaginary name assumed by an author for disguise a) Facsimile b) Surname c) Alias d) Pseudonym 257. Murder of brother a) Homicide b) Infanticide c) Patricide d) Fratricide 258. An extreme fear of being in a small confined place a) Hydrophobia b) Paraphernalia c) Claustrophobia d) Progeria 259. An inscription on a tomb a) Epitaph b) Crypt c) Obituary d) Legacy 260. Allowance due to a wife from her husband on separation a) Patrimony b) Antimony c) Parsimony d) Alimony 261. Practice of employing spies in war a) Esplanade b) Espionage c) Espadrille d) Estrangement 262. A fixed territory in which authority can be exercised a) Jurisdiction b) Judiciary c) Jurisprudence d) Juristic 263. Instrument to measure atmospheric pressure a) Metronome b) Com c) Pedometer d) Barometer 264. One who tends to take a hopeful view of life a) Magnate b) Creator c) Pacifist d) Optimist 265. Belonging to all parts of the world a) Common b) Universal c) Worldly d) International 266. To be known for bad acts


267.

268.

269.

270.

271.

272.

273.

274.

275.

a) Famous b) Notorious c) Criminal d) Terrorist Words of similar meaning a) Homonyms b) Pseudonyms c) Antonyms d) Synonyms An official call to appear in a court of law a) Summon b) Notice c) Memorandum d) Petition To cut a part of a person's body a) Amputate b) Mutilate c) Ambuscade d) Mitigate One who is filled with excessive and mistaken enthusiasm about his religion a) Fatalist b) Lunatic c) Fanatic d) Stoic A list of items to be transacted at a meeting a) Menu b) Agenda c) Minutes d) Records List of issues to be discussed at a meeting a) Schedule b) Agenda c) Time-table d) Plan One who cannot speak a) Deaf b) Dumb c) Visionless d) Lame The highest point a) Zenith b) Height c) Zeal d) Ridge A speech delivered without previous preparation a) Soliloquy b) Extempore c) Rhetoric d) Expression One who pretends to be what he is not a) Crocodile b) Flatterer c) Hhypocrite d) Counterfeiter Study of heavenly bodies a) Astrology b) Astronomy c) Atargazing d) Astrophysics To give one's authority to another a) Assign b) Delegate c) Represent d) Designate One who intervenes between two or more parties to settle differences a) Neutral b) Intermediary c) Judge d) Connoisseur The absence of law and order a) Rebellion b) Mutiny c) Revolt d) Anarchy A voice that cannot be heard a) Unheard b) Faint c) Audible d) Inaudible High sea waves caused by underwater earthquake a) Tsunami b) Tornado c) Hurricane d) Cyclone A disease which is spread by direct a) Contagious b) Infectious c) Epidemic d) Endemic The study of ancient civilizations a) History b) Anthropology c) Ethnology d) Archaeology

K KUNDAN 276.

277.

278.

279.

280.

281.

282.

283.

284.


484 English Language and Comprehension 285. An animal story with a moral a) Fable b) Tale c) Anecdote d) Parable 286. A thing likely to be easily broken a) Vulnerable b) Flexible c) Brittle d) Delicate 287. Body of singers a) Coir b) Quorum c) Quire d) Choir 288. To secretly store more than what is allowed a) Hoard b) Store c) Hide d) Aboard 289. Very dramatic a) Histrionic b) Hippocratic c) Hirsute d) Hoary 290. A figure of speech by which a thing is spoken of as being that which it only resembles a) Metaphor b) Simile c) Personification d) Alliteration 291. The process by which a person or an organization reduces the amount of money it spends a) Budgeting b) Retrenchment c) Saving d) Closure 292. An established principle of practical wisdom a) Marxism b) Maxim c) Neologism d) Platonism 293. A small room in a big house, hotel, ship etc where glasses, dishes, spoons, food etc are kept a) Portico b) Pantry c) Mezzanine d) Kitchen 294. A foreigner who settles in a country a) Immigrant b) Emigrant c) Alien d) Visitor 295. Doing something according to one's own free will a) Wilfully b) Obligingly c) Voluntarily d) Compulsorily 296. Place that provides refuge a) Shelter b) House c) Country d) Asylum 297. A person who gambles or bets a) Punter b) Backer c) Customer d) Client 298. Art of writing for newspapers and magazines a) Literature b) Journalism c) Biography d) Artistry 299. An abandoned child of unknown parents who is found by somebody a) Foundling b) Sibling c) Urchin d) Orphan 300. Parts of a country behind the coast or a river bank a) Swamps b) Marshes c) Hinterland d) Isthmuses 301. A written statement about someone's character, usually provided by an employer a) Testimonial b) Memorandum c) Certificate d) Licence 302. One who does not make mistakes

303.

304.

305.

306.

307.

308.

309.

310.

a) Pessimist b) Optimist c) Infallible d) Hypocrite Murder of a man a) Regicide b) Fratricide c) Homicide d) Genocide Use of force or threats to get someone to agree to something a) Coercion b) Conviction c) Confession d) Cajolement Animal that feeds on plants a) Carnivorous b) Herbivorous c) Insectivorous d) Omnivorous A number of stars grouped together a) Orbit b) Constellation c) Solar system d) Comet Lasting only for a very short while a) Transparent b) Temporal c) Temporary d) Temperate An involuntary action under a stimulus is described as a a) Complex b) Reflex c) Reflection d) Response A continuous process of change is known as a) Transformation b) Metamorphosis c) Flux d) Dynamism The use of many words where only a few are necessary a) Circumlocution b) Circumspection c) Circumscription d) Circumvention Circular building or hall with a dome a) Edifice b) Palace c) Rotunda d) Spire One who is a citizen not of a country but of the world a) Bohemian b) Cosmopolitan c) Philanthropist d) Internationalist Person who insists on adherence to formal rules or literary meaning a) Scholar b) Pedant c) Pedagogue d) Literalist Calmness and indifference to suffering a) Stoicism b) Despair c) Agony d) Materialism The practice of having more than one husband a) Polyandry b) Polygamy c) Bigamy d) Debauchery Seeing something which is not actually present a) Imagination b) Presumption c) Hallucination d) Supposition With much liveliness and a sense of purpose a) Lousily b) Jocularly c) Zealously d) Jauntily Code of diplomatic etiquette and precedence a) Statesmanship b) Diplomacy c) Hierarchy d) Protocol To renounce a high position of authority or control a) Abduct b) Abandon c) Abort d) Abdicate

K KUNDAN 311.

312.

313.

314.

315.

316.

317.

318.

319.



320. Not to be moved by entreaty a) Rigorous b) Negligent c) Inexorable d) Despotic 321. An object or portion serving as a sample a) Specification b) Spectre c) Spectacle d) Specimen 322. The practice of submitting a proposal to popular vote a) Election b) Reference c) Popularity d) Referendum 323. An inscription on a tomb a) Espionage b) Epilogue c) Epitaph d) Elegy 324. Feeling inside you which tells you what is right and what is wrong a) Cleverness b) Conscience c) Consciousness d) Fear 325. Release of a prisoner from jail on certain and conditions a) Parole b) Parley c) Pardon d) Acquittal 326. Loss of memory a) Ambrosia b) Amnesia c) Insomnia d) Forgetting 327. To struggle helplessly a) Flounder b) Founder c) Fumble d) Finger 328. A person who writes decoratively a) Calligrapher b) Collier c) Choreographer d) Cartographer 329. Pertaining to cattle a) Canine b) Feline c) Bovine d) Verminous 330. To look at someone in an angry or threatening way

331.

332.

333.

334.

335.

336.

337.

338.

339.

a) Glower b) Gnaw c) Gnash d) Grind A post with little work but high salary a) Director b) Trustee c) Sinecure d) Ombudsman Something that causes death a) Dangerous b) Fatal c) Brutal d) Horrible A person who has no money to pay off his debts a) Insolvent b) Poor c) Destitute d) Pauper Words uttered impiously about God a) Amoral b) Philosophy c) Logic d) Blasphemy The study of insects a) Anthropology b) Zoology c) Etymology d) Entomology One who compiles a dictionary a) Geographer b) Lexicographer c) Lapidist d) Linguist A test in which cells from diseased organs are removed and tested a) Biopsy b) Autopsy c) Operation d) Amputation Speed of an object in one direction a) Pace b) Tempo c) Velodrome d) Velocity The place where public, government or historical records are kept a) Coffer b) Pantry c) Archives d) Scullery Theft of another person’s writings or ideas and ing them off as one’s own a) Plagiarism b) Burglary c) Piracy d) Pilferage

K KUNDAN 340.

Answers and explanations 1. b;

2. a;

3. c;

Linguist

= a per son who knows sev er al foreign languages well; a person who studies languages Polyglot = knowing, using or writt en in more t han one language; multilingual Phonetician = a per son who studies speech sounds and how they ar e produced Artisan = a person who does skilled work, making things with their hands Partisan = a person who strongly s a particular leader, group or idea Bohemian = a person, often somebody who is involved with the arts, who lives in v ery inf or mal way wit hout f ollowing accepted rules of behaviour Impose = to force somebody/something to have t o deal with somet hing t hat is

difficult or unpleasant = to be or be kept in a particular place; a state of rest, sleep or feeling calm Juxtapose = to put people or things together, especially in order to show a contrast or a new relationship between them Capsize = if a boat capsizes or something capsizes it, it turns over in the water Enthral = if something enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc that you give it all your attention Volley = to hit or kick the ball before it reaches the ground Jettison = to throw something out of a moving plane or ship to make it lighter Pandemonium = a situation in which there is a lot of noise, act iv it y and conf usion especially because people ar e feeling angry Repose

4. d;

5. c;


486 English Language and Comprehension Stir

6. b;

7. c;

8. d;

9. b;

10. b;

= to move or make somebody mov e, in or der t o do something Omniscient = knowing everything Omnipotent = having total power; able to do anything Omnipresent = present everywhere Physicist = a scientist who studies physics Physician = a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery Saint = a person that the Christian Church recognizes as being very holy, because of the way they have lived or died Giant = a very large strong person who is often cruel and stupid Plaintif f = a per son who makes a f ormal complaint against somebody in court Recluse = a person who lives alone and likes to avoid other people Ceramics = the ar t of making and decorating ceramic. Ceramic = a pot or other object made of clay that has been made permanenetly hard by heat Concurrent = existing or happening at the same time Contemporary = belonging to the same time Concomitant = happening at the same time as something else, especially because one thing is related to or causes the other Reciprocate = t o behav e or feel t owar ds somebody in the same way as they behave or feel towards you Seer = a person who claims that they can see what is going to happen in the future Paediatrician = a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children Pedagogue = a person who likes to teach people t hings, especially because they think they know more than other people Pedestrian = a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle Pedophile = a per son who is sexually attracted to children Entomologist = a person who studies insects scientifically Psephologist = a per son who st udies how people vote in elections Demagogue = a political leader who seeks suppor t by appealing t o popular desir es and pr ejudices r at her than through rational arguments Eugemist = a per son who st udies the methods t o improv e t he ment al and physical characteristics of the human r ace by choosing who may become parents Male-chauvinist = a man who believ es men ar e more impor t ant , int elligent , et c than women

Feminist

16. c;

17. c;

18. a;

= a person who s the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men Fatalist = a person who believes that events are decided by fate and that you cannot control them Homicide = t he crime of killing somebody deliberately Genocide = the murder of a whole race or group of people Gastronomy = the art and practice of cooking and eating good food Gourmet = a person who knows a lot about good food and wines and who enjoys choosing, eating and drinking them Stoic = a person who is able to suffer pain or trouble without complaining or showing what they are feeling Cynic = a person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons; a person who does not believe that something good will happen or that something is important Indifferent = having or showing no interest in somebody/something; not very good Momentous = v ery impor tant or ser ious, especially because there may be important result Momentary = lasting for a very short time Trivial = not important or serious; not wroth considering Petty = small and unimportant Detour = a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place

K KUNDAN

11. b;

12. d; 13. a;

14. b;

15. b;

19. b;

20. c;

21. a 22. b; Voracious

= eating or wanting large amount of food; wanting a lot of new information and knowledge Avaricious = having extreme desire for wealth Carnivore = an animal that eats meat Omnivorous = eat ing all t ypes of f ood, especially both plants and meat 23. b; Dominion = authority to rule; control; an area controlled by one ruler 24. b; Cathedral = the main church of a district, under the care of a Bishop (=a priest of high rank) Chapel = a small building or room used for Christian worship in a school, prison, large private house, etc Synagogue = a building where Jews meet for religious worship and teaching Demagogue = a political leader who tries to win by using arguments based on emotions rather than reason 25. c; Ascetic = not allowing your self physical pleasur e, especially f or religious reasons; related to a simple and strict way of living Esoteric = to be understood or enjoyed by only a few people with a special

One Word Substitution knowledge or interest = a person who is able to suffer pain or trouble without complaining or showing what they are feeling Sceptical = hav ing doubt s t hat a claim or statement is true or that something will happen Theocracy = gover nment of a count r y by religious leaders; a country that is governed by religious leaders Theosophy = a religious system of thought that tries to know God by means of meditation, player, etc Theology = the study of religion and beliefs; a set of religious beliefs Theism = belief in the existence of God or gods Dissect = to cut up a dead person, animal or plant in order to study it Biopsy = the removal and examination of tissue from the body of somebody who is ill/ sick, in order to find out more about their disease Autopsy = an official examination of dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death Chaplain = a priest or other Christian minister who is responsible for the religious needs of people in a prison, hospital, etc or in the armed forces Ma so n = a person who builds using stone or works with stone Artisan = a per son who does skilled wor k, making things with their hands Novice = a person who is new and has little experience in a skill, job or situation Pedant = a person who is too concerned with small det ails or r ules especially when learning or teaching Supplicant = a person who asks for something in a humble way, especially from God or a powerful person Mendicant = (especially of of religious groups) living by asking people for money and food Truant = a child who st ays away fr om school without permission Patricide = the crime of killing your father, a person who is guilty of this crime. Parricide = the cr ime of killing your f at her, mother or a close relative; a person who is guilty of this crime Matricide = the crime of killing your mother; a person who is guilty of this crime Genocide = the murder of a whole race or group of people; a person who is guilty of this crime Apostle = a person who strongly believes in a policy or an idea and tries to make other people believe in it Proselytize = To try to persuade other people to accept your belief s, especially about religion and politics Renegade = a person who leaves one political, religious, etc group to another


Stoic

26. c;

27. d;

28. d;

32. b;

33. c;

34. d;

that has very different views; a per son who opposes and lives outside a group or society that they used to belong to Intermediary = a person or an organisation that helps other people or organisations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them; to go between Connoisseur = an expert on matters involving the judgement of beauty, quality or skill in art, food or music Psychosis = a ser ious mental illness that affects the whole personality Neurosis = a ment al illness in which a person suffers strong feelings of fear and worry; any strong fear or worry Narcissism = the habit of iring yourself too much, especially your appearance Paranoia = a ment al illness in which a person may wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, that they are somebody very important, etc; fear or suspicion of other people when there is no evidence or reason for this Repent = to feel or show that you are sorry for something bad or wrong that you have done Retrace = to go back along exactly the same path or route that you have come along; to make the same trip that somebody else has made in the past Recant = to say, often publicly, that you no longer hav e t he same belief or opinion that you had before Renounce = to state officially that you are no longer going to keep title, position, etc; to state publicly that you no longer have a particular belief or that you will no longer behav e in a particular way Hutch = a cage, usually of wood and wire, mesh for small animals. Lair = den, wild animal’s resting place. Den = a lair of predatory animals, lion’s den. Cage = framework with wires or bars in which small birds or animals may be kept. Polyandry = the custom of having more than one husband at the same time Polygamy = the custom of having more than one wife at the same time Pol ypho ny = the combination of several different patt er ns of musical notes sung together to form a single piece of music Polyglot = knowing, using or written in more than one language Omnipotent = having total power; able to do anything Optimist = a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful

K KUNDAN

29. d;

30. d;

31. c;

35. a;

36. a;

37. c;


488 English Language and Comprehension 38. c; Misanthrope

39. c;

40. c;

41. b;

= a person who hates and avoids other people Iconoclast = a person who criticizes popular beliefs or established customs and ideas Masochism = the enjoyment of something that most people would find unpleasant or painful; t he pr act ice of gett ing sexual pleasure from being physically hurt Sacred = very important and treated with great respect Sacrilege = an act of treating a holy thing or place without respect Pilf er = to steal things of little value or in small quantities, especially from the place where you work Pittance = a very small amount of money that somebody receives, for example as a wage, and that is hardly enough to live on Convent = a building in which nuns (= of a female religious community) live together Abode = the place where somebody lives Obstinate = refusing to change your opinions, way of behaving etc, when other people try to persuade you to Theosophy = a religious system of thought that tries to know God by means of meditation, preyer, etc Theologian = a person who studies theology Theology = the study of religion and beliefs Bigot = a person who has ver y str ong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions about race, religion or politics and who will not listen to or accept t he opinions of anyone who disagrees Funeral = a ceremony, usually a religious one, for burying or cremating (=burning) a dead person Kn el l = an event that means that the end or destruction of something will come soon; knell Ding-dong = used to represent the sound made by a bell Ding =used to represent the sound made by a bell Reveille = a tune that is played to awake soldiers in the morning Lu lla by = a soft gentle song sung to make a child go to sleep Soprano = a singing voice with the highest range for a woman or boy Embryology = t he scient if ic st udy of t he development of embryos Entomology = the scientific study of insects Sexagenarian = a person between 60 and 69 years old Septuagenarian = a person between 70 and 79 years old Centurion = (in ancient Rome) an army officer who commanded 100 soldiers

Patriarch 46. d;

47. a;

48. a; 49. c;

50. d;

= the male head of a family or community Pessimism = a feeling that bad t hings will happen and that something will not be successful Pacifism = the belief that war and violence are always wrong Bevy = a large group of people or things of the same kind Convoy = a group of vehicles or ships travelling together especially when soldiers or other vehicles travel with them for protection Coterie = a small group of people who have the same interests and do things together but do not like to include others Fatal = causing or ending in death Deadly = causing or likely to cause death Prologue = a speech etc at the beginning of a play, book or f ilm/movie that introduces it Monologue = a long speech in a play, film/movie etc spoken by one actor, especially when alone Epilogue = a speech, etc at the end of a play, book or film/movie that comments on or acts as a conclusion to what has happened Bibliographer = a person who studies history of books and their production Bi blio phi le = a person who loves or collects books Incendiary = designed to cause fire; causing strong feelings or violence Incantatory = adjective of the word ‘incantation’. Incantation = a series of words said as a magic spell or charm Inflammable = that can burn easily Incandescent = giving out light when heated Dais = a stage, especially at one end of a room, on which people stand t o make speeches to an audience Forum = a place wher e people can exchange opinions and ideas on a particular issue Post-natal = connected with the period after the birth of a child Prelude = a short piece of music, especially an introduction to a longer piece; an action or event that happens before another more important one and forms an introduction to it Cow let = there is no such word in dictionary Colt = a young made horse up to the age of four or five Ewe = a female sheep Heifer = a young female cow, especially one that has not yet had a calf Mou r n f u l = very sad Ballad = a song or poem that tells a story; a slow popular song about love Dirge = a song in the past at a funeral or for a dead person; any song or piece of music that is too slow and sad

K KUNDAN 42. a;

43. a;

44. c;

45. b;

51. c;

52. d;

53. a;

54. d;

55. b;

One Word Substitution Ode 56. b;

57. b;

58. c;

59. a;

= a poem that speaks to a person or thing or celebrates a special event Bough = a large branch of a tree Slough = to lose a layer of dead skin Borough = a town or part of a city that has its own local government Peelings = the skin of fruit or vegetables that has been removed Ornithology = the scientific study of birds Etymology = t he st udy of t he or igin and hist or y of wor ds and t heir meanings; the origin and history of a particular word Philology = t he scient if ic st udy of t he development of language or of a particular language Sexton = a person whose job is to take car e of a church and it s surroundings, ring the church bell etc Sexologist = a per son who st udies the human sexual behaviour Sexagenarian = a person between 60 and 69 years old Sextuplet = one of six children born at the same time to the same mother Apiary = a place where bees are kept Ornithologist = a person who studies birds Horticulture = t he study or pr actice of gr owing f lower s, f ruit and vegetables Apostrophise = to address what you are saying, or a poem, a speech in a play, etc to a particular person Solemnise = to per for m a r eligious ceremony, especially a marriage Soliloquy = a speech in a play in which a character, who is alone on the stage, speaks his or her thoughts Veteran = a per son who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity Ambidextrous = able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well Tomb = a large grave, especially one built of stone above or below the ground Epithet = an adjective or phrase that is used to descr ibe somebody/somet hing’s character or most important quality, especially in order to give praise or criticism Epitaph = words that are written or said about a dead person, especially words on a gravestone Epigraph = a line of writing, short phrase, etc on a building or statue, or as an introduction to part of a book Devious = behav ing in a dishonest or indirect way, or tricking people, in order to get something Nefarious = criminal; immoral Surreptitious = done secretly or quickly, in the hope that other people will not notice

English Language and Comprehension 489 64. c; Desolate = very lonely and unhappy; empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened Obsolete = no longer used because something new has been invented 65. b; Amoral = not following any moral rules and not caring about right and wrong Immortal = that lives or lasts for ever 66. b; Fascist = a person who s fascism (=an extreme right-wing political syst em or at titude which is in f av ours of st rong centr al government and which does not allow any opposition) Pacifist = a person who believes in pacifism (=the belief that war and violence are always wrong) Narcissism = the habit of iring yourself too much, especially your appearance Fatalism = the belief that events are decided by fate and that you cannot control them; the fact of accepting that you cannot prevent something from happening 67. c; Speculative = based on guessing or on opinions that have been f or med without knowing all the facts Scurrilous = v er y rude and insult ing, and int ended to damage somebody’s reputation 68. a; Invocation = the act of asking for help, from a god or from a person in authority Inundate = to cover an area of land with a large amount of water Revocation = the act of cancelling a law, etc 69. b; Agoraphobia = a fear of being in public places where there are many other people Claustrophobia = an extreme fear of being in a small confined place Xenophobia = a strong feeling of dislike or f ear of people f r om other countries Paranoia = f ear or suspicion of other people when t here is no evidence or reason for this 70. c; Edict = an official order or statement given by somebody in authority Adamant = determined, not to change your mind or to be persuaded about something Addict = a person who is unable to stop taking harmful drugs Derelict = (especially of land or buildings) not used or car ed f or and in bad condition; a person without a home, a job or property 71. a; Ancestry = the family or the race of people that you come from Lineage = the series of families that somebody comes from originally Dynasty = rule of the same family by succession 72. b; Severe = extremely bad or serious Sever = to cut something into two pieces Sewer = an underground pipe that is used to carr y sewage away fr om houses, factories, etc

K KUNDAN

60. c;

61. a;

62. d;

63. c;


490 English Language and Comprehension Sow 73. d;

74. a;

75. c;

76. b;

77. c;

= to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground Tabloid = a newspaper with small pages Plaque = a flat piece of stone, metal, etc usually with a name and dates on, attached to a wall in memory of a person or an event Pickpocket = a person who steals money, etc f rom ot her people’s pockets, especially in crowded places Prologue = a speech, etc at the beginning of a play, book, or film/movie that introduces it Epilogue = a speech, etc at the end of a play, book or film/movie that comments on or acts as a conclusion to what has happened Monologue = a long speech in a play, film/movie etc, spoken by one actor, especially when alone Amphibious = able to live both on land and in water Ambiguous = that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings Amorphous = having no definite shape, form or structure Solvent = having enough money to pay your debts; not in debt Insolvent = not having enough money to pay what you owe Obscure = not well known; unknown; difficult to understand Obsolete = no longer used because something new has been invented; out of date Pristine = f r esh and clean, as if new; not developed or changed in any way Immigrant = a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own Emigrant = a person who leaves their country to live in another Settler = a person who goes to live in a new country or region Feasible = that is possible and likely to be achieved Tenable = easy to defend against attack or criticism Ex plicable = that can be explained or understood Alien = from another country or society; foreign Philanthropist = a rich person who helps the poor and t hose in need, especially by giving money Misanthrope = a per son who hat es and avoids other people Misogynist = a man who hates women Versatile = able to do many dif f erent things Cosmopolitan = containing people of different t ypes or f rom dif f erent countries, and influenced by their culture Upholsterer = a person whose job is to upholster furniture Upholster = to cover a chair , etc with soft material and cloth

Acrobat

85. b;

86. d;

87. a; 88. a;

89. a;

= an ent er t ainer who per f or ms difficult acts such as balancing on high r opes, especially at a circus Aviator = a person who flies an aircraft Etymology = the study of the origin and history of words and their meanings Verbose = using or containing more words than are needed Anthology = a collection of poems, stories, etc that have been written by different people and published together in a book Poacher = a person who illegally hunts birds, animals or fish on somebody’s else’s property Bandit = a member of an armed group of thieves who attack travellers Burglar = a per son who ent er s a building illegally in order to steal Intruder = a person who enters a building or an area illegally Cartography = the art or process of drawing or making maps Ligament = a strong band of tissue in the body that connects bones and s organs and keeps them in position Prototype = the first design of something from which other forms are copied or developed Auditorium = the part of a theatre, concert hall, etc in which the audience sits; a large building or room in which public meetings, concerts, etc are held Numismatist = a person who collects or studies coins or medals Philatelist = a person who collects or studies stamps Connoisseur = an expert on matters involving the judgement of beauty, quality or skill in art, food or music

K KUNDAN

78. b;

79. a;

80. b;

81. d; 82. c;

83. c;

84. c;

90. c;

91. c;

92. a; Oligarchy

Totalitarian

Theocracy 93. b; Mores

=

Rite

=

Ritual

=

94. d; Verdict

=

= a form of government in which only a small group of people hold all the power = (of a countr y or syst em of government) in which there is only one political party that has complete power and control over the people = gover nment of a count r y by religious leaders the customs and behaviour that are considered typical of a particular social group or community a ceremony performed by a particular group of people, often for religious purposes a series of actions that are always perf or med in t he same way, especially as par t of a r eligious ceremony a decision that is made by a jury in cour t , st at ing if somebody is

One Word Substitution considered guilty of a crime or not = a group of of the public who listen to the facts of a case in a cour t and decide whether or not somebody is guilty of a crime 95. c; Perseverance = the quality of continuing to try t o achiev e a part icular aim despite difficulties Stoicism = the fact of not complaining or showing what you are feeling when you are suffering Reticent = unwilling to tell people about things 96. a; Mortuary = a room or building, for example part of a hospital, in which dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated Monastery = a building in which monks (= of a male religious community) live together Sanatorium = a place like a hospital where patients who hav e a lasting illness or who are getting better after an illness are treated Crematorium = a building in which the bodies of dead people are burned 97. a; Hedonist = one who lives f or pleasur eseeking Pessimist = a person who always expects the worst to happen Misanthrope = one who hates mankind Philistine = a per son who has no under standing f or art s; uncivilized person 98. c; Fatalist = a person who believes strongly in fate Fanatic = diehard believer and er of some r eligion, cause or political ideology Philologist = a person having in-depth study of a language 99. d; Legacy = property that which is given to a person by one's will * Legacy may be acquired even during the lifetime of the previous owner . Patrimony = propert y inherit ed f r om one's father or ancestors 100. b; Biography = writing of a person's life Prof ile = very short biography of a person 101. c; Pandemonium = a situation in which there is a lot of noise, act iv it y and conf usion, especially because people ar e f eeling angr y or frightened 102. a; Maiden speech = the first speech made by an MP in the parliaments of some countries 103. a; Bohemian = a person, often somebody who is involved with the arts, who lives in a very informal way without f ollowing accepted rules of behaviour Artisan = a person who does skilled work, making things with their hands Partisan = showing too much for one


Jury

104. c; Repose Juxtapose

= =

105. c; Dermatologist 106. c; Prejudiced =

Predestined = 107. a; Gesture

=

Grin Gestation

= =

Grimace

=

108. d; Diaspora

=

Diacritic

=

person, group or idea, especially without considering it carefully to be or be kept in a particular place to put people or things together, especially in or der t o show a contrast or a new r elat ionship between them = specialist of skin diseases having an unreasonable dislike of or pr efer ence f or somebody/ something, especially based on their race, religion, sex, etc already decided or planned by God or by fate a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning a wide smile the process by which an idea or a plan develops an ugly expr ession made by twisting your face, used to show pain, disgust et c or to make somebody laugh the movement of people from any nation or group away from their own country a mark such as an accent, placed over, under or through a letter in some languages, to show that the letter should be pronounced in a different way from the same letter without a mark a crown, worn especially as a sign of royal power a long and angry speech or piece of writing attacking and criticizing somebody/something

K KUNDAN Diadem

=

Diatribe

=

109. c 110. c; Abandonment

111. c;

112. d;

113. c;

114. b;

= the act of leaving a person, t hing or place wit h no intention of returning Defect = t o leave a political part y, country etc to another that is considered to be an enemy Desert = to go away from a place and leave it empty Aviary = a large cage or building for keeping birds in, for example in a zoo Den = the hidden home of some types of wild animal Unf linching = r emaining st r ong and determined, even in a difficult or dangerous situation Inf allible = nev er wr ong; nev er making mistakes Inevitable = that you cannot avoid or prevent Ineffable = too great or beautiful to describe in words Ineluctable = t hat you cannot av oid; unavoidable Embalm = t o pr event a dead body fr om decaying by treating it with special substances to preserve it


492 English Language and Comprehension Corpse Morgue

115. c;

116. a;

= a dead body, especially of a human = a place where dead bodies that have been found are kept until they can be identified Mortuary = a room or building, for example part of a hospital in which dead bodies are kept before they are buried or cremated Debase = to make somebody/something less valuable or repect; to devalue Desultory = going from one thing to another, without a def init e plan and without enthusiasm Dilapidated = (of furniture an buildings) old and in very bad condition Depraved = morally bad; wicked; evil Dilatory = not acting quickly enough; causing delay Despotism = the rule of a despot (= a ruler with great power, especially one who used it in a cruel way) Autocracy = a syst em of gov er nment of a country in which one person has complete power Monarchy = a system of government by a king or a queen Anarchy = a sit uat ion in a countr y, an organisation etc in which there is no gov ernment , or der or control. Exemplary = pr oviding a good example f or people to copy Momentous = v ery impor tant or ser ious, especially because there may be important results Herculean = needing a lot of st r engt h determination or effort Grandiose = seeming very impressive but too large, complicated expensive, etc to be practical or possible Florist = a person who owns or works in a shop/store that sells flower s and plants Theist = a per son who believ es in the existence of God or gods Synagogue = a building where Jews meet for religious worship and teaching Cemetery = an area of land used for burying dead people, especially one that is not beside a church Adulation = iration and praise, especially when this is greater than is necessary Conceited = having too much pride in yourself and what you do Fanatic = a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something Misogynist = a man who hates women Philanderer = a man who has sexual r elat ionships wit h many different women Feminist = a per son who suppor t s t he beliefs that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men

122. b; Hysteria

123. b;

124. a;

125. a;

= a state of extreme excitement fear or anger in which a person, or a group of people, loses control of their emotions and starts to cry, laugh, etc Insomnia = the condition of being unable to sleep Aphasia = the loss of the ability to understand or produce speech, because of brain damage Amnesia = a medical condit ion in which somebody partly or completely loses their memory Terrestrial = connected with the planet earth Epicurean = devoted to pleasure and enjoying yourself Celestial = of the sky or of heaven Pedestrian = a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle Aquarium = a large glass container in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept Sanatorium = a place like a hospital where pat ient s who hav e a last ing illness or who are getting better after an illness are treated Aviary = a lar ge cage or building or keeping birds in, for example in a zoo Teetotaller = a person who does not drink alcohol Bagpipes = a musical inst rument played especially in Scotland Transitory = continuing for only a short time Repository = a place wher e something is stored in large quantities Credulous = too ready to believe things and therefore easy to trick Quadruped = any creature with four feet Polyp = a small and v er y simple sea creature with a body shaped like a tube

K KUNDAN

117. b;

118. d;

119. d;

120. d;

121. d;

126. b;

127. c;

128. b;

129. d 130. d; Vigour Perseverance

= energy, force or enthusiasm = the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties

131. c 132. a; Cellar = an underground room often used for storing things 133. d; Lineage = t he series of f amilies that somebody comes from originally Concubine = a woman who lives with a man, often in addition to his wife or wives, but who is less important than they are 134. b; Nepotism = giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power , especially by giving them jobs 135. c; Draught = a flow of cool air in a room or other confined space 136. c; Atheism = the belief that God does not exist Theism = the belief that God exists Idolatry = the practice of worshipping statues as Gods

One Word Substitution Iconoclasm 137. b;

138. b;

139. a;

= destruction of religious statues or objects Trivial = of very little importance; not worth considering Toxic = containing poison Torpid = with no energy or enthusiasm; not active Tragic = making you feel very sad Amnesia = a medical condition in which someone completely or partly loses one’s memory. Panacea = something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation; something that can cure any disease Intelligentsia = the people in a countr y or society who are well educated and are interested in culture, politics or literature Parasol = a type of light umbrella that women in the past carried to protect themselves from the sun; presently the same thing is being used in its big form on the beaches or out side cafes to protect people from hot sun Misanthrope = a per son who hat es and avoids other people Misogynist = a man who hates women Philanthropist = a rich person who helps the poor and t hose in need, especially by giving money Misogamist = one who hates marriages Megalomania = a mental illness or condition in which somebody has an exaggerated belief in his own importance or power Dipsomania = dipso + mania alcohol craving to the extent of madness; a person who has a strong desire for alcoholic drink that he cannot control Kleptomania = a mental illness in which somebody has a strong desire to steal things Pyromania = a mental illness that causes a strong desire to set fire to things Oligarchy = a form of government in which only a small group of people hold all the power Aristocracy = people born in the highest social class, who have special titles Plutocracy = gover nment by the reachest people of a country Egoist = a person who thinks that he or she is better than other people and who thinks and talks too much about himself or herself Somnambulist = sleepwalker Altruist = a person who cares about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own

English Language and Comprehension 493 143. b; P u n

144. b;

145. d;

= the clever or humorous use of a word that has more than one meaning, or of words that have different meanings but sound the same Alliteration = the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together, as in sing a song of sixpence Epithet = an adjective or phrase that is used t o descr ibe somebody/ something’s character or most important quality, especially in order to give praise or criticism Oxymoron = a phrase t hat combines two words that seem to be opposite of each other, for example, a deafening silence. Optician = a person whose job is to examine people’s eyes and t o r ecommend and sell glasses Ophthalmologist = a doctor who studies and treats the disease of the eye Dyke = a long thick wall that is built to stop water flooding on to a low area of land, especially from the sea Mo u n d = a large pile of earth or stones; a small hill Embankment = a wall of stone or earth made to keep water back or carry a r oad or r ailway over low ground Atheism = the belief that the god does not exist Pantheism = the belief that God is present in all natural things; belief in many or all gods. Scepticism = an attitude of doubting that claims or statements are true or that something will happen Animism = the belief that plants, objects and natural things such as weather have a living soul Cacography = a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds Cartography = the art or process of drawing or making maps Caricature = a funny drawing or picture of somebody that exaggerates some of their features Bereft of something = completely lacking something; having lost something Complacent = too satisfied with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not feel that any change is necessary Dependant = a person, especially a child who depends on another person for a home, food, money etc Destitute = without money, food and other things necessary for life

K KUNDAN

140. b;

141. d;

142. c;

146. b;

147. a;

148. c;


494 English Language and Comprehension Omnipresent = present everywhere 149. c; Irrevocable = that cannot be changed; final 150. c; Quack = a person who dishonestly claims t o have medical knowledge or skills Cannibal = a person who eats human flesh Itinerant = tr av elling f rom place t o place, especially to find work 151. b; Etymology = t he st udy of t he or igin and hist or y of wor ds and t heir meanings Entomology = the scientific study of insects 152. b; Mi ser ly = a person who is always unhappy and complaining 153. a; Verbatim = exactly as spoken or written Verbose = using or containing more words that are needed Verbiage = the use of too many words, or of mor e dif f icult words than ar e needed, to express an idea 154. b; Impregnable = strong and impossible to defeat or change; invincible 155. c; Transgress = to go beyond the limit of what is morally or legally acceptale 156. a; Penology = t he scient if ic st udy of t he punishment of criminals and the operation of prisons Ragamuffin = a person usually a child, who is wearing old clothes that are torn and dirty 157. b; Repression = the act of using force to control a group of people and restrict their freedom Reprisal = a violent or aggr essiv e act towar ds somebody because of something bad that they have done towards you Subjugate = to defeat somebody/something; to gain control over somebody/ something Vendetta = a long and violent disagreement between two families or groups, in which people are murdered in return for previous murders 158. a; Salvo = the act of firing several guns or dropping several bombs etc at the same time Jingoism = a st r ong belief t hat your own country is best, especially when this is expressed in of war with another country 159. d; F il l in g = the act of putting documents, letters, etc into a file Pinch = the amount of something that you can hold between your finger and thumb Stub = a short piece of a cigarette, pencil, etc that is left when the rest of it has been used 160. d; Goon = a cr iminal who is paid t o frighten or injure people Consort = the husband or wife of a ruler Philanderer = a man who has sexual r elat ionships wit h many different woman To make love (somebody) = to have sex

161. a; Abstain Teetotaller

162. b;

163. d;

= to stay away from something = a per son who does not drink alcohol Drunkard = a per son who gets drunk very often Logistics = the practical organi-sation that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment is involved. Reconnaissance = the activity of getting information about an area for military purposes, using soldiers, planes etc. Subversive = trying or likely to destroy or damage a government or political system by attracting it secretly or indirectly. Camouflage = a way of hiding soldiers and military equipment, using point, leaves or nets, so that they look like part of their surroundings. Punctilious = very careful to behave correctly or to perform your duties exactly as you should. Obtuse = slow or unwilling to understand something. Absurd = completely ridiculous Abstruse = difficult to understand Subtle = not very noticeable or obvious. Nuance = a ver y slight dif f erence in meaning, sound, colour or somebody’s feelings that is not usually very obvious Indifference = a lack of interest, feeling or reaction towards somebody/ something Change-over = a change from one system, or method of working to another Sanatorium = place like a hospit al wher e patients who hav e a lasting illness or who are getting better an illness are treated Asylum = protection that a government gives to people who have left t heir own countr y, usually because they were in danger for political reasons Refuge = shelt er or pr otect ion fr om danger, trouble etc Inconsolable = very sad and unable to accept help or comfort. Incredible = impossible or very difficult to believe. Incorrigible = having bad habits which cannot be changed or improved. Dexterous = skilful with your hands; skilfully done. Fastidious = being careful that every detail of something is correct

K KUNDAN 164. a;

165. b;

166. d;

167. c;

168. b 169. d; Alchemist

= a person who studied alchemy (= a mysterious power or magic that can change things)



Numismatist 170. c; Anachronism

171.

172. 173.

174.

175. 176. 177.

178.

= the study of coins and medals. = a person, a custom or an idea that seems old-fashioned and does not belong to the present. Incongruous = strange, and not suitable in a particular situation. Archaic = old and no longer used; very old-fashioned. d; Chum = a friend Peer = a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you. b b; Chronic = lasting for a long time; having had a disease for a long time Temporal = connected with or limited by time d; Neurotic = not behaving in a reasonable, calm way, because you ar e wor r ied about something Nocturnal = active at night c d; Deprecate = t o f eel and expr ess st rong disapproval of something d; Decipher = to succeed in finding the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand. Illegible = difficult or impossible to read. c; Anthropoid = looking like a human. Aquatic = growing or living in, on or near water. Aquarium = a large glass container in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept c; Du pe = to trick or cheat somebody Gu ll ib le = too willing to believe or accept what other people tell you and therefore easily tricked. b; Claustrophobia = an extreme fear of being in a small confined place Hydrophobia = extr eme f ear of water , which happens with rabbies infection in humans. Insomnia = t he condit ion of being unable to sleep. Obsession = t he stat e in which a person’s mind is completely filled with thoughts of one particular thing or person in a way that is not normal. a; Epilogue = a speech, etc at the end of a play, book or film/movie that comments on or act as a conclusion t o what has happened. Bibliography = a list of books or articles about a particular subject or by a particular author. Soliloquy = a speech in a play in which a character, who is alone on the stage, speaks his or her thoughts; monologue. b; Optimistic = expecting good t hings t o happen or something to be successful. Incorrigible = having bad habits which

183. b;

184. d;

185. b;

186. a;

cannot be changed or improved. Indefatigable = never giving up or getting tired of doing something. Notorious = well known for being bad. Philology = t he scient if ic st udy of t he development of language or of a particular language. Virology = the scientific study of viruses and the diseases caused by them. Emissary = a per son who is sent t o deliver an official message, especially from one country to another, or to perform a special task. Eavesdropper = a person who listens secretly t o what other people ar e saying. Incite = to encourage somebody to do something violent , illegal or unpleasant especially by making them angry or excited. Monarchist = a person who believes that a country should be ruled by a king or queen. Anarchist = a person who believes that laws and gover nment s ar e not necessary. Autocrat = a ruler who has complete power. Euphemism = an indirect word or phrase that people oft en use t o refer to somet hing embar r assing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is Truism = a statement that is clearly true and does not t her efor e add anyt hing int er est ing or important to a discussion. Altruism = the fact of caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own. Patricide = the crime of killing your father; a person who is guilty of this. Parricide = the crime of killing your father, mother or a close relative; a person who is guilty of this crime. Matricide = the crime of killing your mother; a person who is guilty of this crime. Homicide = t he crime of killing somebody deliberately. Gregarious = (of animals) living in groups. Boudoir = a woman’s small private room or bedroom Boulevard = a wide city street, often with trees on either side. Facade = the front of a building. Profanity = behaviour that shows a lack of respect for god or holy things. Sedition = the use of words or actions that are intended to encourage people to oppose a government. Sacrilege = an act of treating a holy thing or

K KUNDAN

179.

180.

181.

182.

187. a;

188. b; 189. b;

190. c;


496 English Language and Comprehension place without respect. = a false spoken statement intended to damage the good opinion people have of somebody; the legal offence of making this kind of statement. Sly = suggesting that you know something secret that other people do not know. Lu stf ul = f eeling of showing st rong sexual desire. Leer = an unpleasant look or smile t hat shows somebody is interested in a person in an evil or sexual way. Lore = knowledge and information related to a particular subject, especially when this is not written down. Lark = a thing that you do for fun or as a joke. Littoral = the part of a country that is near the coast. Jocular = humorous; enjoying making people laugh. Anecdote = a short , interesting or amusing story about a real person or event. Wiles = clever tricks that somebody uses in order to get what they want or to make somebody behav e in a particular way. Yokel = if you call a person yokel, you are saying that they do not have much education or underst anding of modern life, because t hey come from the countryside. Wag = a person who enjoys making jokes. Aeon = extr emely long per iod of t ime, thousands of years. Pensive = thinking deeply about something especially because you are sad or worr ied. Pesky = annoying Pu rlo in = steal something or use it without permission. Impudent = rude; not showing respect for other people. Impunity = if a person does something bad with impunity, they do not get punished for what they have done. Inexorable = t hat cannot be st opped or changed; relentless Imperturbable = not easily upset or worried by a difficult situation; calm. Hypochondria = a state in which somebody wor ries all t he time about their health and believes that they are ill/sick when there is nothing wrong with them. Malaise = a general feeling of being ill/ sick, unhappy or not satisfied, without signs of any particular problem. Disaffected = no longer satisfied wit h your situation, organi-sation, belief etc and therefore not loyal to it. Malinger = t o pr et end t o be ill/sick especially in or der to av oid Slander

191. a;

192. c;

work. = a brass musical instrument made of a curved metal tube that you blow into, with three valves for changing the note. Fanfare = a short loud piece of music that is played to celebr ate somebody/ something important arriving. Symphony = a long complicated piece of music for a large orchestra, in three or four main parts. d; Fastidious = being careful that every detail of something is correct. Drunkard = a per son who get s dr unk v er y often. Glutton = a person who enjoys doing difficult or unpleasant tasks. Epicure = who enjoys food and drink of high quality and knows a lot about it. a; Credulous = too ready to believe things and therefore easy to trick. Gu ll ib le = too willing to believe or accept what ot her people t ell you and therefore easily tricked. d; Graft = a piece of skin, bone, etc removed from a living body and placed in another part of t he body which has been damaged. c; Usurper = a per son who takes somebody’s posit ion and/or power wit hout having the right to do this. Usurer = a person who lends money to people at unfairly high rates of interest. d; Blasphemy = behav iour or language that insult s or shows a lack of respect for God or religions. Perjury = the crime of telling a lie in court. Iconoclasm = cr it icizing popular belief s or established customs and ideas. Heresy = a belief or an opinion that is against t he principles of particular religion. d; Philanderer = a man who has sexual r elat ionships wit h many different women. Philistine = a person who does not like or understand art, literature, music etc. a; Nonpareil = a per son or t hing t hat is bett er t han ot her s in a particular area. Ninco mpoop = a stupid person. Niggardly = unwilling to be generous with money, time, etc. Non sequitur = a statement that does not seem to follow what has just been said in any natural or logical way. c; Insurmountable = that cannot be dealt with successfully. Inimitable = too good or individual for anyone else to copy with the same effect. Incorrigible = having bad habits which cannot be changed or

196. a; Trumpet

197.

198.

199.

200.

K KUNDAN

193. b;

194. b;

195. a;

201.

202.

203.

204.

One Word Substitution improved. = too strong to be defeated or challenged. Stellar = connected with the stars. Remunerate = to pay somebody for work that they have done. Obsolete = no longer used because something new has been invented. Ex ploration = an examination of some-thing in order to find out about it. Invincible 205. b; 206. d; 207. b; 208. a;

209. d 210. d; Implore

Impressionist

211. c; Breach

Bottleneck

=

=

= t o ask somebody t o do something in the anxious way because you want or need it very much = a per son who enter t ains people by copying the way a f amous per son speaks or behaves. a br eak in a relationship between people or countries; a failure to do something that must be done by law. anything that delays development or pr ogr ess, par t icular ly in business or industry. a very stupid person.

Blockhead = 212. d 213. b; Jibe = an unkind or insulting remark about somebody. Gesture = a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning. 214. b; Debacle = an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment. Dereliction = the fact of deliberately not doing what you should do, especially when it is part of your job. Deterrent = a thing that makes somebody less likely to do something. 215. d; Martyr = a person who suffers very much or is killed because of t heir religious or political beliefs. Gladiator = a man trained to fight other men or animals in order to entertain the public. 216. d; W a i f = a small thin person, usually a child, who looks as if they do not have enough to eat. Posthumous = happening, done, published, etc after a person has died. 217. b; Invoice = a list of goods that have been sold, work what has been done et c showing what you must pay. 218. b; Ambivalent = showing or hav ing bot h good and bad feelings about somebody/some-thing. Ambidextrous = able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well 219. d; Philanthropist = a r ich person who helps the poor and those in need,

English Language and Comprehension 497 especially by giving money. = not allowing your self physical pleasures, especially f or r eligious reasons; related to a simple and strict way or living. Misogynist = a man who hates women 220. d; Horticulture = t he study or pr actice of growing flowers, fruit and vegetables. Miniature = very small; much smaller than usual. Genocide = the murder of a whole race or group of people. Nomenclature = a system of naming things, especially in a branch of science. 221. a; Wa lk wa y = a age or path for walking along, often outside and raised above the ground. Walkout = the act of suddenly leaving a meet ing as a pr ot est against something. Walkabout = an occasion when an important person walks among ordinary people to meet and talk to them. Walkover = an easy vict or y in a game or competition. 222. d; Laxative = a medicine, food or drink that makes somebody empty t heir bowels easily. Panacea = something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation. Antidote = a substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease. Purgative = a substance, especially a medicine, that causes your bowels to empty. Ascetic

K KUNDAN 223. c; Mercenary

= a soldier who will fight for any count ry or gr oup that of f er s payment. 224. a; Corroborate = t o pr ovide ev idence or informat ion that suppor ts a statement, theory etc. Implicate = t o show or suggest that somet hing is the cause of something bad. Designate = to choose or name somebody for to a particular job or position. Extricate = to escape or enable somebody to escape from a difficult situation. 225. c; Introspection = the careful examination of your own thoughts, feelings and reasons for behaving in a particular way. Introvert = a quiet person who is more inter est ed in t heir own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people. 226. c; Prejudiced = having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for somebody/ something, especially based on


498 English Language and Comprehension their race, religion, sex etc. = a person who has very strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions about race, religion or politics and who will not listen to or accept t he opinions of anyone who disagrees. Fanatic = a person who holds extreme or dangerous opinions. 227. d; Ambiguous = not clearly stated or defined; that can be understand in more than one way; having different meanings. 228. b; Dogmatic = being certain that your beliefs are r ight and t hat ot her s should accept them, without paying attention to evidence or other opinions. Plaintive = sounding sad, especially in a weak complaining way. Opinionated = having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change. 229. b 230. c; Despot = a ruler with great power, especially one who uses it in a cruel way. 231. b; Outpost = a small town or group of buildings in a lonely part of country. Protocol = the first or original version of an agreement , especially a t r eat y between countries 232. c 233. d 234. a; Germicide = a substance which dest roys bacteria etc. 235. b; Fauna = all the animals living in an area or in a particular period of history. Flora = the plants of a particular area, type of environment or period of time. 236. c; Unanimous = if a decision or an opinion is unanimous, it is agreed or shared by everyone in a group. Spontaneous = happening naturally, without being made to happen. 237. b; Aversion = a str ong f eeling of not liking somebody/something Antipathy = a strong feeling of dislike. Apathy = the feelings of not being interested in or enthusiastic about anything. Despair = the feeling of having lost all hope. 238. d; Cloakroom = a room in a public building where people can leave coats, bags, etc for a time. Tannery = a place where animal skins are tanned and made into leather. Brewery = a factory where beer is made; a company that makes beer. 239. c; Handiwork = a wor k t hat you do, or something that you have made, especially using your artistic skill; a thing done by a part icular per son or gr oup, especially something bad. 240. b; Taxonomy = t he scientif ic pr ocess of classifying things (= arranging

Taxidermy

Bigot

241. c 242. d; Elope

them into group) = the art of stuffing dead animals, bir ds and fish with a special material so that they look like living ones and can be displayed. = to run away with somebody in order to marry them secretly

243. b; To resort to

244. b;

= to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of achiev ing somet hing, of ten because t her e is no ot her possible solution. Subterfuge = a secret, usually dishonest, way of behaving. Manoeuvre = a movement performed with care and skill. Stratagem = a trick or plan that you use to gain an advantage or to trick an opponent. Complicity = t he act of taking part wit h another person in a crime Miraculous = like a mir acle; completely unexpected and very lucky. Ineffable = too great or beautiful to describe in words. Stupendous = extremely large or impressive, especially greater or better than you expect. Appalli ng = shocking; extremely bad Philistine = a person who does not like or under stand ar t , lit er at ur e, music, etc, Iconoclast = a person who criticizes popular beliefs or established customs and ideas Imposter = a per son who pretends to be somebody else in order to trick people. Cannibal = a person who eats human flesh. Internment = a student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday/vacation. Interment = the act of burying a dead person. Genealogy = the study of family history, including the study of who the ancestors of a particular person were Epistemology = the part of philosophy that deals with knowledge. Ethnology = t he scientif ic st udy and comparison of human races. Compositor = a person who arranges text on a page before printing. Stoker = a person whose job is to add coal or ot her fuel t o a f ire, et c, especially on a ship or st r eam train. Stowaway = a person who hides in a ship or plane before it leaves, in order to travel without paying or being

K KUNDAN 245. b;

246. d;

247. c;

248. c;



seen. 249. a 250. a W in d f al l

259. a;

251.

260. d;

= an amount of money that somebody/something wins or receives unexpectedly. Philanthropy = the practice of helping the poor and those in need, especially by giving money. Benevolent = kind, helpful and generous. Turnstile = a gate at t he entrance t o a public building, stadium etc that turns in a circle when pushed, allowing one person to go through at a time. c; Emolument = money paid to somebody for work they have done especially to somebody who earns a lot of money. Honorarium = a payment made for somebody’s professional services. Sinecure = a job that you are paid for even through it involves little or no work. Perquisite = something to which somebody has a special right because of their social position. Prerogative = a right or advantage belonging to a particular person or group because of their importance or social position. d d; Insolvent = not having enough money to pay what you owe; bankrupt c; Roundabout = not done or said using the shortest, simplest or most direct way possible. Loquacious = talking a lot Circumlocution = using more words that are necessary instead of speaking or writing in a clear, direct way. c; Courtship = the time when two people have a romantic relationship before they get married; the process or act of at tr acting a business partner, etc. Subpoena = a written order to attend court as a witness to give evidence. d; Facsimile = an exact copy of something. Pseudonym = a name used by somebody, especially a writer, instead of their real name. Alias = used when a person, especially a criminal or an actor, is known by two names. d; Homicide = the crime of killing somebody deliberately. Infanticide = a person who is guilty of killing a body. Patricide = a person who kills his father. Fratricide = a person who kills his brother or sister. c; Paraphernalia = a large number of objects or personal possessions especi-

261. b;

ally the equipment that you need for a particular activity. Epitaph = wor ds that ar e wr itten or said about a dead person, especially words on a gravestone Crypt = a room under the floor of a Church, used especially in the past as a place for burying people. Obituary = an article about somebody’s life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after t hey have died. Legacy = money or property that is given to you by somebody when they die. Patrimony = propert y that is giv en t o somebody when t heir father dies. Antimony = a chemical element. Parsimony = t he f act of being ext r emely unwilling to spend money. Alimony = the money that a court orders somebody to pay regularly to their former wife or husband when the marriage is ended. Esplanade = a level area of open ground in a town for people to walk along, often by the sea or a river. Espionage = the activity of secretly getting important political or military informat ion about anot her count ry or of f inding out another company’s secrets by using spies Espadrille = a light shoe made of strong cloth with a sole made of rope Estrangement = the state of being estranged Estranged = no longer living wit h your husband or wife Jurisprudence = the scientific study of law Metronome = a device that makes a regular sound like a clock and is used by musicians to help them keep the correct rhythm when playing a piece of music Pedometer = an instrument for measuring how far you have walked Pacifist = a person who believes in pacifism and who refuses to fight in a war Pacifism = the belief that war and violence are always wrong 266. b Homonym = a word that is spelt like another word (or pronounced like it) but which has a different meaning for example, ‘can’ meaning ‘be able’ and ‘can’ meaning ‘put something in a container’. Pseudonym = a name used by somebody, especially a writer, instead of their real name Summon = to order somebody to appear in court Memorandum = a record of a legal agreement which has not yet been

K KUNDAN

252. 253. 254.

255.

256.

257.

258.

262. a; 263. d;

264. d;

265. b 267. d;

268. a;

500 English Language and Comprehension formally prepared and signed = a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something Amputate = to cut off somebody’s arm, leg, finger or toe in a medical operation Mutilate = to damage somebody’s body very severely, especially by cutting or tearing off part of it Mitigate = to make something less harmful, serious, etc Fatalist = a person who believes that events are decided by f ate and that you cannot control them Lunatic = a person who does crazy things that are often dangerous Fanatic = a per son who is ext r emely enthusiastic about something Stoic = a person who is able to suffer pain or trouble without complaining or showing what they are feelin 272. b 273. b Zenith = the highest point that the sun or moon reaches in the sky, directly above you Zeal = great energy or enthusiasm connected with something that you feel strongly about Soliloquy = a speech in a play in which a character, who is alone on the stage, speaks his or her thoughts Extempore = spoken or done wit hout any previous thought or preparation Rhetoric = speech or wr iting t hat is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincer e; t he skill of using language in speech or writing in a special way that influences or entertains people Hypocrite = a person who pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have Counterfeiter = a per son who counter f eit s money or goods Counterfeit = t o make an exact copy of something in order to trick people into thinking that it is the real thing Petition

269. a;

270. c;

271. b 274. a

275. b;

One Word Substitution 281. d 282. a 283. a; Contagious = a contagious disease spreads by people touching each other Infectious = an infectious disease can be ed easily from one person to another, especially through the air they breathe Epidemic = a lar ge number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community Endemic = regularly found in a particular place or among a particular group of people and difficult to get rid of 284. d; Anthropology = the study of the human race, especially of it s or igins, dev elopment , cust oms and beliefs Ethnology = t he scientif ic st udy and comparison of human races Archaeology = the study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the ground 285. a; Fable = a traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially one with animals as characters Tele = a st ory creat ed using t he imagination, especially one that is full of action and adventure Anecdote = a short , interesting or amusing story about a real person or event Parable = a short story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson, especially one of those told by Jesus as recorded in Bible 286. c; Vulnerable = weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally Brittle = hard but easily broken Delicate = easily damaged or broken 287. d; Coir = rough material made from the shells of coconuts, used for making ropes, for covering floors Quorum = the smallest number of people who must be at a meeting before it can begin or decisions can be made Quire = four sheets of paper folded to make eight leaves Choir = a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances 288. a 289. a; Histrionic = histrionic behav iour is ver y emot ional and is intended t o attract attention in a way that does not seem sincere The Hippocratic oath = the promise that doctors make to keep to t he principles of t he medical profession Hirsute = having a lot of hair on the face or body Hoary = very old and well known and therefore no longer interesting

K KUNDAN 276. c;

277. b

278. b

279. b; Connoisseur

= an exper t on mat t er s involving the judgement of beauty, quality or skill in art, food or music 280. d; Rebellion = opposition to authority; an attempt by some of the people in a country to change their government, using violence Mu t i n y = t he act of r ef using t o obey the orders of somebody in authority, especially by soldiers or sailors Anarchy = a sit uat ion in a countr y, an organisation, etc in which there is no government, order or control



290. c; Metaphor

= a word or phrase used to describe somebody/something else, in a way that is dif ferent f rom its normal use in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and t o make t he description more powerful Simile = a word or phrase that compares somet hing to somet hing else using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’, for example, a face like a mask or as white as snow. Personify = to be an example of a quality or characteristic, or to have a lot of it Alliteration = the use of the same lett er or sound at the beginning of words that are close together, as in sing a song of sixpence. 291. a; Retrench = to spend less money; to reduce costs 292. b; Max im

Neologism Platonism

293. b; Portico

= a well-known phr ase t hat expr esses somet hing t hat is usually true or that people think is a rule for sensible behaviour = a new word or expression or a new meaning of a word = the idea of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato and those who followed him = a roof t hat is suppor t ed by columns, especially one that forms the entrance to a large building = a floor that is built between two floors of a building and is smaller than the other floors = a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own = a person who leaves their country to live in together = from another country or society = done deliberately, although the person doing it knows that it is wrong; not car ing about what other people want; determined to do what you want

301. a;

302. c;

303. c; 304. a;

sof t and wet because t her e is nowher e for t he wat er t o f low away to Hinterland = the areas of a country that are away from the coast, from the banks of a large river or from the main cities Isthmus = a narrow strip of land, with water on each side, that s two larger pieces of land Testimonial = a formal written statement, often by a former employer, about somebody’s abilit ies, qualities and character Memorandum = a record of a legal agreement which has not yet been formally prepared and signed Inf allible = nev er wr ong; nev er making mistakes Hypocrite = a person who pr et ends t o have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have Regicide = a person who is guilty of killing a king or queen Coercion = the action of making somebody do something that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force Conviction = a strong opinion or belief Confession = a statement that a person makes, itting that they are guilty of a crime Cajole = to make somebody do something by talking to them and being very nice to them 306. b 307. c 308. b Metamorphosis = a pr ocess in which somebody/someth ing changes complet ely into something different Flux = continuous movement and change; a flow; an act of f lowing Circumlocution = using more words than are necessar y, inst ead of speaking or writing in a clear direct way Circumspect = t hinking v er y car ef ully about something befor e doing it, because there may be risks involved Circumscribe = to limit somebody somet hing’s f reedom, rights, power, etc Circumvent = to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule Edifice = a large impressive building Spire = a tall pointed structure on the top of a building, especially a church Rotunda = a round building or hall, especially one with a curved roof (= a dome) Bohemian = a person, often somebody who is involved with the arts, who lives in a very inf or mal way wit hout following accepted rules of

K KUNDAN Mezzanine

294. a; Immigrant

Emigrant

Alien 295. c; W i l f u l

296. d 297. a; Punter Backer

Orphan 300. c; Sw am p

Mar sh

310. a;

= a person who gambles on the result of a horse race = a per son or company t hat giv es suppor t t o somebody/somet hing, especially financial

298. b 299. a; Foundling

Sibling Urchin

305. b 309. c;

= a baby who has been left by its parent s and who is found and taken care of by somebody else = a brother or sister = a young child who is poor and dirty, often one who has no home = a child whose parents are dead = an area of ground that is very wet or cover ed with wat er and in which plant s, t r ees, et c ar e gr owing = an area of low land that is always

311. c;

312. b;


502 English Language and Comprehension Cosmopolitan

Philanthropist

Internationalist

313. b; Adherence to something

314. a;

315. a;

behaviour = a per son who has exper ience of many different parts of the world = a rich person who helps the poor and those in need, especially by giving money = a person who believes that count ries should wor k together in a friendly way

= t o behav e accor ding t o a part icular law, r ule, set of instructions, etc; to follow a particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing something Pedant = a person who is too concerned with small det ails or rules especially when learning or teaching Pedagogue = a teacher; a person who likes t o t each people t hings, especially because they think they know more than other people Stoicism = t he f act of not complet ing or showing what you ar e feeling when you are suffering Despair = the feeling of having lost all hope Polyandry = the custom of having more than one husband at the same time Polygamy = the custom of having more than one wife at the same time Bigamy = the crime of marrying somebody when you are still legally married to somebody else Debauchery = immor al behav iour inv olving sex, alcohol or drugs Hallucination = the fact of seeming to see or hear somebody/somet hing t hat is not r eally t her e, especially because of illness or drugs Lousy = very bad; awful; terrible Jocularly = humorous; enjoying making people laugh Zealous = showing great energy and ent husiasm f or somet hing, especially because you feel strongly about it Etiquette = the formal rules of correct or polite behav iour in societ y or among member of a particular profession Precedence = t he condit ion of being mor e important than somebody else and theref ore coming or being dealt with first Protocol = a system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between governments Renounce = to state officially that you are no longer going to keep a t itle, position, etc Abdicate = to give up the position of being king or queen; to f ail or r ef use t o perform a duty

320. d; Entreaty

321.

322. 323.

324.

325.

= a ser ious and often emot ional request Inexorable = t hat cannot be st opped or changed; relentless Despot = with great power, especially one who used it in a cruel way d; Spectre = something unpleasant that people ar e afraid might happen in t he future d c; Espionage = the activity of secr etly get ting import ant political or military inf or mat ion about another country or of finding out another company’s secrets by using spies Epitaph = words that are written or said about a dead person especially words on a gravestone Epilogue = a speech, etc at the end of a play, book, or film/mov ie t hat comment s on or acts as a conclusion to what has happened Elegy = a poem or song that expresses sadness, especially for somebody who has died b; Conscience = the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong a; Parole = per mission t hat is given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their sentence on condition that they behave well Parley = a discussion between enemies or people who disagree, in order to try and find a way of solving a problem Acquittal = an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime b; Ambrosia = the food of the gods; something that is very pleasant to it Amnesia = a medical condit ion in which somebody partly or completely loses their memory Insomnia = the condition of being unable to sleep a; Flounder = to struggle to know what to say or do or how to cont inue wit h something Fumble = to use your hands in an awkward way when you are doing something or looking for something a; Calligraphy = beautiful handwriting that you do with a special pen or brush Collier = a ship that car ries coal; coal miner c; Canine = connected with dogs; one of the four pointed teeth in the front of a human’s or animal’s mouth Feline = connected with an animal of the cat family Bovine = connected with cows Verminous = covered with vermin Vermin = wild animals or birds that destroy plants or food, or attack farm animals and birds

K KUNDAN

316. c;

317. d;

318. d;

319. d;

326.

327.

328.

329.



330. c; Gl ow er

331.

332. 333.

= t o look in an angr y aggressive way Gnaw = to keep biting something or chewing it har d, so t hat it gradually disappears Gnash your teeth = t o f eel v ery angr y and upset about something, especially because you cannot get what you want Grind = to br eak or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surf aces or using a special machine c; Trustee = a member of a group of people t hat cont r ols t he f inancial aff airs of a char it y or other organisation Sinecure = A job that you are paid for even though it involves little or no wor k Ombudsman = an of f icial whose job is t o examine and r epor t on complaints made by ordinary people about companies, the government or public authorities b a; Insolvent = not having enough money to pay what you owe Destitute = without money, food and the other things necessary for life Pauper = a very poor person d; Impious = showing a lack of respect for God and religion

Blasphemy

335. d;

336. b; 337. a;

338. d;

339. c;

340. a;

= behav iour or language that insults or shows a lack or respect for God or religion Etymology = t he st udy of t he or igin and hist or y of wor ds and t heir meanings Entomology = the scientific study of insects Lapidary = (especially of writt en language) elegant and exact; concise Biopsy = the removal and examination of tissue from the body of somebody who is ill/sick, in order to find out more about their disease Autopsy = an official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death Amputate = to cut off somebody’s arm, finger or toe in a medical operation Velodrome = a track or building used for cycle racing Tempo = the speed of any movement or activity Coffer = a way of referring to the money that a government, an organisation, etc has available to spend Scullery = a small room next to the kitchen in an old house, originally used for washing dishes Plagiarism = the art of plagiarizing something Plagiarize = to copy another person’s ideas, words or work and pretend that they are your own Pilf er = to steal things of little value or in small quantities, especially from the place where you work

K KUNDAN

334.

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