Papi Kostick 6u6t2v

PA Preference Inventory MAX KOSTICK Elmira N Sumintardja

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KONSTRUKSI • DR Max Kostick, Professor of Industrial Psychology at State College, Boston USA , 1960 • Licensing controlled by P.A. Consulting Group • Main objectives : – – – – –

An effective /discussion device Work related Short Easy to ister, score and plot the profile For the use of counselors, personnel managers, interviewers- not only psychologists PAPI/ENS-O6

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KONSTRUKSI • Self-report inventory • Force choice 90 pairs simple descriptive items • 10 needs(Edwards,1959 ; Schultz, 1960) ; 10 roles (Thurstone’ s dimension of temperament, 1953), 9 times present • Describe attitudes and values at work, polarizing personal characteristics on 10 needs, 10 roles  20 factors • Result  chart profile : 7 areas PAPI/ENS-O6

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KONSEP • Henry Murray (1938) – personologists : uniqueness of the person  emphacised the person (bukan “trait - norm” based seperti 16PF) • Gordon : personality comprising of needs, attitudes, motives and values and dispositions. Individual in context  effect of environmental forces on behavior. Personality type instrument should allow a person uniqueness and individuality  Schultz ‘s Firo-B • Factors interact on profile and raw scores are plotted, not normative data PAPI/ENS-O6

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KONSEP ENVIRONMENT ROLES

PAPI

ATTITUDES & VALUES FIRO-B NEEDS MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR PERSONALITY OPQ , 16 PF PAPI/ENS-O6

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APLIKASI • Selection : person’s style and motivation to work  candidate suitable for a post • Training and counseling : – To enable individual to examine him/herself – To determine whether the person would like to try and change the relative emphasis placed upon the different needs and roles

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Factor influencing interpretation of profile 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Age Sex Stage in career Position in company structure Company “culture” Unusual personal/emotional situation health PAPI/ENS-O6

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SEVEN AREAS 1.

WORK DIRECTION •

1.

Is the person a hard worker, ambitious, a self starter

WORK STYLE •

1.

Does the person prefer to work on details? Is long-range planning liked? Is being wellorganized an emphasis?

ACTIVITY •

1.

Are judgments made rapidly? Is work carried out at a fast pace without being forced? Does the person feel vigorous ?

LEADERSHIP •

1.

Does the person like to play the role of a leader? Is there a preference for the control of the responsibility for others ? Are decisions felt to come easily ?

FOLLOWERSHIP •

1.

Does the person feel the need to authority and to observe rules and regulations? How does the person choose between accepting rules and preferring to be autonomous?

SOCIAL NATURE •

1.

Does the person like others? Is affection needed? Is there a preference for being at the center of attention? Is working with groups liked?

TEMPERAMENT •

Are feeling expressed easily ? Are problems avoided rather than resolved?

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Locating needs and roles WORK DIRECTION • Need to finish a task • Role of hard intense worker • Need to achieve LEADERSHIP • Leadership role • Need to control others • Ease in decision making (role) WORK STYLE • Theoretical type (role) • Interest in working with details (role) • Organized type (role) FOLLOWERSHIP • Need to authority • Need for rules and supervision PAPI/ENS-O6

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Locating needs and roles ACTIVITY • Pace (role) • Vigorous type (role) SOCIAL NATURE • Need to be noticed • Social extension (role) • Need to belong to groups • Need for closeness and affection TEMPERAMENT • Need to change • Emotional restraint (role) • Need to be forceful PAPI/ENS-O6

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Interpretasi • WORK : L+P(S) F+W A+g+N I +R(A) +T R+D+C+V+T

• PEOPLE X, S, B, O

• NATURE Z, E, K

• SUMMARY : – STRENGTH – DIFFICULTIES

these can only be seen in of specified jobs

– OVERALL PAPI/ENS-O6

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Opposite traits • • • • • • • •

GO AR LD PC IZ TE XF BN PAPI/ENS-O6

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L role, P need L = leadership, P = power 8 or 9 strong dominant leader confident in leadership 6 – 7 natural leader, enough desire to be in control and confident to take control 5 Not actively seeking leadership but will not avoid the responsibility 4 Less tendency, desire to seek out leadership. Will see themselves as achieving results 2 – 3 not wanting to lead or control others 0 – 1 no interest in leadership or performing the role of a leader PAPI/ENS-O6

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F need to be ive faithfulness 8 or 9 tends to seek personal identity with an individual in authority 7 increasing loyalty to an individual in authority 4 - 6Company loyalty 0-3 Loyalty more to ones own interest

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W need for rules and supervision Wules 8 and 9 desire for everything to be spelt out. Lack of inisiative 6 and 7 requiring the task to be defined. Will operate with less confidence 4 and 5 Requiring the problem to be signposted a little. The parameters defined. 0 – 3 Will work from the objectives, only needs the framework. PAPI/ENS-O6

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A need to achieve - Ambition 8 and 9 very ambitious 5, 6 and 7 They know what they want to achieve and are striving 0 ,1,2,3 and4 Not counsciously striving for success

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G role of hard intense worker Graft 8 and 9 hard work as a concept, high emphasis on hard work 5, 6 and 7works hard but objective 3 and 4 work as hard as the task demands putting the effort into areas of benefit 0,1, and 2 little if any importance placed on hard work as a concept PAPI/ENS-O6

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N need to finish a task = teNacious 8 and 9 extreme commitment to one job at a time 6 and 7 preference for handling one job at a time but can change priorities with a little difficulty 3,4 and 5 sufficient commitment to see through a task but will happily delegate 0,1, and 2 strong preference for handling many different jobs, enjoys variety PAPI/ENS-O6

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D interest in working with details detail 7, 8 and 9 high requirement for handling details – enjoys detailed work 4,5 and 6 personal interest in detail 2 and 3 concern for accuracy and completeness 0 and1 no personal concern for detail, will tend to delegate it to others PAPI/ENS-O6

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C organised type - Control 7, 8 and 9 systematic and methodical ; preferring a structured approach 5 and 6 concerned for organisation with some flexibility 3 and 4 flexibility of approach more apparent though still concerned for organisation 0, 1 and 2 concerned for flexibility rather than structure – allowing the situation to control the approach rather than pre-planning PAPI/ENS-O6

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I = ease in decision making Incisive 8 and 9 very confident in decision making 6 and 7 naturally confident decision maker – flows logically 4 and 5 prudent(careful, cautious, practical) 2 and 3 hesitant 0 and 1 tends to avoid making decision, or sees role as advisory PAPI/ENS-O6

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R reflective type - Reflective 8 and 9 places high value on thought, looking for new options 6 and 7 preference for thinking a problem through 4 and 5 balance past experience and new thought 0 and 3 a doer, gets on with the job, relies on past experience PAPI/ENS-O6

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T work Pace - Tempo 7,8 and 9 works in fits and starts – may impose pressure 4 to 6 handle the pace of their environment 0,1, 2 and 3 controls the pace at which they work rather than having in controlled

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V physical pace - Vigorous 7,8 and 9 enjoys physical activity including sport 3 to 6 enjoys being on the go when necessary 0 to 2 decreasing level of activity down to preferring a “sitting” job

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S social extension - Social 5 to 9 increasing level of confidence in social relationships ; enjoys social interaction 3 and 4 less confidence in social interaction ; possible lack of confidence 0 to 2 more concerned with other things rather than people, e.g. job tasks

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B need to belong to groups belonging 6, 7, 8 and 9 needs to be part of a group 3 to 5 selective in ing groups – associates with groups at work if of value and interest 0 to 2 tendency not to bother with groups, may be a loner

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O need to relate closely to individuals - clOseness 6 plus increasingly thinking that what another person thinks is important, sensitive to the needs of others 3 ,4 and 5 neither seeking out nor avoiding close personal 0 to 2 detached in a one to one relationship more concerned with functions, less easily influenced, tends to be objective and analytical PAPI/ENS-O6

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X Need for recognition - eXtrovert 6, 7, 8,and 9 outgoing, needs to gain attention 4 and 5 needs a certain level of recognition, does not want to be overlooked, but will not actively solicit attention 2 and 3 detached in a one to one relationship more concerned with functions, less easily influenced, tends to be objective and analyticbecoming shy, modest, quiet, unassuming 0 to 1 tendency to withdraw, shy PAPI/ENS-O6

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Z need for change – zig zag 8 and 9 restless, frustrated, actively seeks change, variety 6 and 7 enthusiastic for change and will seek it out, but with a small degree of selectivity 4 and 5 adaptable, enjoys a certain need for change 2 and 3 not willing to change,not readily adaptable. Will only accept change if reason fully explained 0 to 1 seeks out a stable and unchanging environment PAPI/ENS-O6

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Emotional control - Emotional 7, 8 and 9 capable of keeping his/her thoughts to him/herself 4,5, and 6 enough control to keep emotions back, able to react and to restrain feelings 2 and 3 an open book 0 to 1 very open and expressive rections to people and situations will show visibly PAPI/ENS-O6

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K need to be forceful - Kick 8 and 9 touchy, reactive, agressive 6 and 7 express views in a fairly forceful, positive manner 4 and 5 neither seeking nor avoiding conflict, will listen to the views of others but may become stubborn when defending own view 2 and 3 preferences to avoid conflict, will rationalize the situation and see the other person’s point of view 0 to 1 will deflect conflict. May not even recognize conflict PAPI/ENS-O6

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