Petronas Temana Project Summary 2a5d1p
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out for the redevelopment of Temana Field. The proposed Temana Redevelopment Project is located approximately 43 km offshore Bintulu, Sarawak. The EIA Report is prepared in an integrated manner to assess the potential environmental impacts that may arise from the proposed offshore pipelines installation, platform construction, modification and construction of onshore facilities. Project Title This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared for “TEMANA REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT, BINTULU, SARAWAK”, hereinafter to be referred as the ‘Project'.
Environmental Legislative Requirement The Temana Revelopment Project involves enhanced oil recovery development which includes installation of new pipelines, platform and water injection system. Thus, this Project will fall under the prescribed activity stipulated under the Item 12 of Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987, as follows: ITEM 12: (a)
PETROLEUM
Oil and gas field development.
In accordance with the requirements of Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act 1974, the Project Proponent is required to submit an Environmental Impact Assessment report for the Project for the approval of the Department of Environment (DOE), prior to project implementation.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Project Proponent The Project Proponent is PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. with their correspondence address and person as follows: Temana Redevelopment Project PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Level 23, Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur City Centre 50088 Kuala Lumpur Person: Tel. No : Fax No :
Ir. Jazdi Bin Jabil (Project Manager) 03-2331 3821 03-2331 8437
EIA Consultant Scientige Sdn Bhd (SSB) in collaboration with Golden Ecosystem Sdn Bhd (GESB) was appointed as the Environmental Consultants to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment study for this Project. Enquiries and correspondences pertaining to this report can be made to: Scientige Sdn. Bhd. (712879-H) Level 11, Menara Dayabumi, Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, 50550 Kuala Lumpur. Person: Tel. No : Fax No : Email :
En. Mohammad Aman Samsurey 03-2267 2888 03-2272 2046 [email protected]
Golden Ecosystem Sdn. Bhd. (534338-P) 48-3A, Jalan PJU 5/9, Dataran Sunway, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Person: Tel. No : Fax. No : Email :
En. Azemi Bin Abu Bakar 03-6140 9701 03-6140 9702 [email protected]
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Project Location The Project is located within Temana Field which is in the Balingian geological province, approximately 43 km offshore Bintulu, Sarawak in water depth of between 25.1 m to 31.7 m. BCOT (Bintulu Crude Oil Terminal) is located onshore in Bintulu, Sarawak and is the receiving terminal for this Project. Figure ES-1 shows the Temana Field location.
Figure ES-1: Project Location
Statement of Need The Temana Redevelopment Project involves reviewing and assessing the resource potential and evaluating the options on resources development strategy as well as surface facilities optimization. The Project involves re-utilization of non productive wells. The main objective of the Temana Redevelopment Project is to improve the recovery factor from 34% to 56% (End of field life) with incremental reserves of 37.8 million stock tank barrels (MMstb) crude oil through infill wells and pressure maintenance (water injection) by August 2014. The prospective resources identified from a recent appraisal well discovery by optimizing the existing asset such as platform slot, idle well and other production facilities. Based on detail reservoir simulation study, the optimum production rate is expected to be about 7,000 stock tank barrels per day (stb/d) from three (3) infill development wells.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
2.
Executive Summary
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PETRONAS Carigali will be implementing the redevelopment of Temana Field. The Temana Redevelopment project comprises mainly the development of I-60 and I-65 reservoirs with the objective of improving recovery factor of 34% to 56% (end of life) with incremental reserves of 37.8 MMstb crude oil through new infill wells and pressure maintenance (water injection) by August 2014. Figure ES-2 shows the schematic layout of the Project components.
Project Components The Project comprises five (5) components: 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
New Onshore facilities: Temana Water Injection Module (TEWIM); New Offshore facilities: Temana Water Intake Platform (TEWI) and Drilling platform (TEJT-D); Infill drilling: TEJT-D (new facility), TEJT-C and TEJT-W (existing facilities); New offshore pipeline installation of six (6) new pipelines: o 10” x 3.7 km seawater intake pipeline from TEWI to TEWIM o 10” x 37 km water injection pipeline from TEWIM to TEJT-D o 6” x 6 km water injection pipeline from TEJT-D to TEJT-C o 6” x 1.1 km water injection pipeline from TEJT-C to TEJT-W o 8” x 7.5 km fuel well stream (FWS) pipeline from TEJT-D to TEK-A o 6” x 2.5 km gas pipeline from TEJT-T to TEJT-D Platform modification and pipeline host tie-in on the existing platform
Project Implementation The execution of offshore works are scheduled to be within 15 months beginning of August 2013 until end of October 2014, whilst execution of onshore works are expected to be completed within a 14 month period beginning of September 2013 until end of October 2014.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Figure ES-2: Schematic Layout of the Proposed Temana Redevelopment Project
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
3.
Executive Summary
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
Landuse The onshore Project site (TEWIM) is currently a green and vacant land. Land use surrounding the site within 1 km radius consists of BCOT facilities and MLNG facilities. Land use surrounding the site up to 2 km radius mainly consists of oil, gas and petrochemical plants such as MLNG DUA, MLNG TIGA, Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) and Asian Bintulu Fertilizer (ABF). The land use between 2 km to 3 km radius surrounding the site is the Bintulu Port, Kidurong Industrial Area (KINDA) and SESCO Power Station. The land to the west is a vacant industrial lot. The nearest residential areas are Kampong Sungai Plan Lot and some squatters area which are located at 4.3 km southeast of the site. Bathymetry Water depth for the area near the existing platforms and the proposed platform ranged from 25.1 m to 31.7 m and the seabed level of the study area was slightly dipping to the north with general gradient of 1:1030 (<0.1°). The superficial sediments obtained from the core samples from the depth between 2.1m and 2.4m exhibited very soft to soft CLAY. The water depth closest to TEJT-C Platform is approximately 26m and gradually decreases as it approaches the shore. Water depth along the 10” pipeline for water intake from offshore to BCOT clearance ranged from a minimum of 1.6 m to a maximum of 16.8 m and the seabed level along the proposed route is slightly dipping to the west northwest with a gentle gradient of 1:487 (0.02°). The seabed sediments derived from the core samples indicated of very soft grey CLAY. Subsoil Condition The subsoil characteristic of the proposed site is referred to the recent geotechnical investigation report conducted in early April 2012 at two (2) deep boreholes. The report indicates that water depth of these boreholes is at 12.7 m in average. The subsoil encountered by the soil boring at these locations comprises generally clay and sand layers.
Geology The coastal zone consists of sandy beach material. This strata overlies the Nyalau Formation whose geological age is Eocene-Oligocene. The oldest rocks known as the Biban Sandstone Member of the Nyalau Formation are of Lower Miocene age and consist of strong sandstone and subordinate shale with some limestone. These rocks are deposited in a shallow-water marine littoral to inner neritic environment. Overlying these rocks is the Miocene Nyalau Formation. The Nyalau Formation successions were deposited during the transgressive Miocene period.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Oceanography The tidal regime in Bintulu is predominantly diurnal, implying that there is one high water and one low water occurence during a tidal day. Bintulu experiences two (2) monsoonal changes. The Northeast Monsoon which usually occurs between November to February brings strong winds and heavy rainfall. Southwest Monsoon, which prevails during the later half of May or early June to September, brings less intense rainfall. The scalar mean wind speeds are high from December to February which is during the Northeast monsoon. The wind wave and swell wave are high from November to March which is during the Northeast monsoon.
Meteorology The climate of the study area is typically tropical with uniform temperature, high humidity and heavy rainfall. The climate is strongly influenced by the Southwest and Northeast Monsoons. The climatic data used in this report is based on data taken at Bintulu Station from Malaysian Meteorological Department for a period between 2001 to 2010. Baseline Study Baseline sampling for marine water quality and seabed sediment quality was carried out from 1st June to 10th June 2011. 27 sampling stations were located along five (5) platforms and four (4) pipelines. One (1) control station designated as C1 was located at approximately 2 km away from the Project site.
Marine Water Quality Overall, all parameters analyzed for marine water quality were within the Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia (Class 3 – Ports, Oil & Gas Field) (MWQCS). Temperature The temperature levels are comparable with the typical range for South China Sea (28°C – 32°C) (Nasir, et. al., 1988). Hence the recorded temperatures reflect the normal temperature of the South China Sea. pH Value This value is comparable to the Control Station (STC) which had an average of 7.74. The pH levels were within the recommended level for aquatic environment (6.5 – 8.5), (Liong and Subramaniam, 1990). Salinity The average results are comparable with the STC average level of 32.52ppt. It can be considered that the water quality at the Temana Field is within the typical range of South China Sea which is 32 ppt – 35 ppt (Nasir, et. al., 1988). Total Dissolved Solids Based on the typical range for the South China Sea which is >35,000mg/l (Siobhan, 2011), the TDS levels observed during this study are within this range indicating normal conditions.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Dissolved Oxygen The DO levels recorded at the study area were higher than the Class 3 limit (3mg/l) by MWQCS. The higher DO levels indicate that the water quality at the sampling stations is well aerated and healthy. Total Suspended Solid Although the average value is slightly higher than the control station value of 4 mg/l but it was much lower than the MWQCS limits of 100 mg/L. These results indicate that the area is not experiencing much disturbance in of sediment suspension. Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Results from the sampling conducted indicate that the nutrition status of the Temana Field is relatively good. Nitrate The waters around the Temana Field in of nitrate shows a condusive environment for the growth of marine plants as nitrate is a source of food.
Total Phosphate, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Oil & Grease The Project area during the sampling period is relatively unpolluted and results are within the regulatory limits for the oil and gas industry in of these parameters. These levels indicate low level of hydrocarbon pollutants in the area. Heavy metals It can be inferred that there is no heavy metal pollution in the study area during this sampling period. Seabed Sediment Overall, all parameters analyzed were within the Dutch Intervention Values (DIV). Marine Biology
Phytoplankton Generally, twenty one (21) genus were recorded within the sampling locations. Diatoms were found to be the most dominant group followed by Dinoflagellates. Densities of phytoplankton recorded at all sampling locations ranged from 1.21 x 103 no. per litre to 11.55 x 103 no. per litre. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’) of the phytoplankton communities at all sampling locations ranged from 1.03 to 1.88 which indicate that the waters within the Temana Field is considered to have a healthy phytoplankton growth and low level of pollution. It can also be concluded that there is a diverse phytoplankton species in this study area.
Zooplankton Twelve (12) different genus of zooplankton were identified within the study area and is mostly dominated by the Copepods. The densities of zooplankton ranged from 0.11 no. per liter (x103) to 3.19 no. per liter (x103) with an average value of 0.63 no. per liter (x103). The average value recorded for all stations monitored along the pipeline route was slightly lower compared to the control station value (0.88 no. per liter (X103). ShannonWiener Diversity Indices (H’) for this area are considered to have low diversity of zooplankton which ranged from 0.00 to 1.59 with an average of 0.69.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Macrobenthos The most abundant phylum in the study area was identified to be Molluscs followed by Pisces and Annelida, Anthropoda and Echinodermata. Macrobenthos density for all locations ranged from 7,920 ind/m2 to 55,660 ind/m2 and were lower than the Control Station (STC) level of 43,824 ind/m3. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’) ranged from a value of 1.44 to 2.39 which are comparable to Control Station (STC) with value of 1.69. Based on the Diversity Index, it can be concluded that this study area experiences low levels of pollution
Coral There is a small coral reef, known as Batu Mandi located about 4 km offshore of Kuala Sungai Likau, near the national park headquarters office and approximately 35 km from Temana Field. The area can be noticeable from the national park only during low tide. Therefore, as the Project site is located far away from environmental sensitive areas, there is no concern in of potential impacts from the proposed Project development. Turtle In Sarawak, there are five (5) main species of turtles with 95% of all turtle landings in Sarawak are found at the Turtle Island, which consists of Talang-Talang Besar, TalangTalang Kecil and Satang Besar. Turtle landings are also found along Kampong Puguh off Semantan and off the Similajau near Bintulu. Turtle Island is located about 33 km North West of Kuching and 390 km South West of Bintulu. The Project site is far away from turtle migration route and landing area. Fishery In Sarawak, fisheries can generally be categorized as traditional and commercial fishing. Traditional fishing is usually conducted in near shore waters using traditional fishing gear (drift nets, seine nets, stake nets, hook and line). Commercial fisheries comprise inshore fisheries and offshore fisheries. The common commercial fishing gears are trawl nets and purse seine nets. Fishing activities are most active during the month of April where the sea condition is more condusive for fishing activities. Majority of fishermen in Bintulu are coastal fishermen.
Marine Traffic The main port nearest to the Project site is the Bintulu Port. The distance from Temana Platform B (TEP-B) to the Bintulu Port is about 30 km. The average daily arrival and departure of coastal vessel recorded from 2005 – 2009 from Bintulu Port are 13 vessels per day. As for marine traffic recorded for foreign vessels, average of 17 vessels per day were recorded at Bintulu Port. As such, PETRONAS Carigali will need to plan the navigational activities during the pipeline installation and establish proper communication with the Marine Department of Sarawak.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
4
Executive Summary
SOCIO-ECONOMY
The objective of this socio-economic assessment is to understand the current social and economic status of individuals, households, groups and communities within the Project area. Although the Project site encomes onshore and offshore work, this socio-economic survey covers only the onshore communities within a radius of 5km from the boundaries of BCOT. The methodology involves data collection which included primary and secondary data sources. Findings of the survey indicated that, as the residential areas were located far away from both offshore Project activities (approximately 43 km) and also onshore Project activities (approximately 4.3 km), the redevelopment activities at Temana did not have any potential negative impacts. However, positive economic impacts such as creation of employment opportunities and increase in household income are anticipated. The presence of the Project pipelines and platform is unlikely to impact the fishery activities in this locality since Temana is an existing field. The BCOT Marine Safety and Security Zone is already a restricted area since the late 1970’s, the pipelines and platform are not expected to impact fishing activities. During pipeline installation activities, it is estimated that an area of about 3 km2 at one particular time will be restricted to the navigational activities (particularly fishermen boats) to avoid incidents such as collision of vessels. As a responsible multinational corporate organisation, PETRONAS is committed to contribute to societal needs in its development of Malaysia’s oil and gas resources as part of their corporate sustainability agenda. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes have been conducted both locally in Malaysia and also internationally in countries where PETRONAS has operations. PETRONAS provides an avenue for the fishermen to voice out their opinions and requirements through annual engagements with the Fishermen Association and in the presence of Sarawak Fisheries Department. Besides the community engagements, PETRONAS has also conducted many social programmes for the public in Sarawak and other states in Malaysia as part of their CSR contribution to the society. 5
IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The impact assessments for this Project were prepared based on the Project activities such as pipeline installation, construction of platform and TEWIM facilities, hook-up, testing and pre-Commissioning, operation and abandonment and decommissioning. With implementation of recommended mitigation measures throughout project execution as summarized in Table ES-1, the assessment on potential environmental impacts that may arise from project activities have been found to be mainly localized, short-term and insignificant.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Table ES-1: Impact Assessment and Proposed Mitigation Measures Project Activity Impact Assessment OFFSHORE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Atmospheric Emission Installation works at the offshore comprises the Emission sources to the atmosphere during the pipe following activities: laying and platform installation activities are mainly from generators, welding equipment and barge exhaust. Other Transportation of sources of emission are fugitive release of volatile materials; organic compounds from fuel bunkering activities and cleaning solvent. Overall impacts from these emission Pipeline and platform sources are expected to be insignificant since the installation; and emission will be mainly transient in nature. Vessel anchoring and pipeline laying. Water Quality The deck drainage, engine cooling water and bilge from the vessels involved in the pipeline and platform installation works are of concern as they may contain low levels of oil and grease. Engine cooling water quantities are generally small and therefore the effect of the elevated temperatures on the marine waters will not be significant. There will be generation of sewage and domestic wastewater from a number of personnel on board the various vessels. The sewage and domestic wastewaters and their respective pollutant loads can be considered relatively small against the vast ocean waters. The larger pipeline installation vessels and vessels are likely to provide basic treatment of sewage prior to discharge to sea. Accidental spillage of diesel fuel and/or lubricating oils in significant amount will result in the formation of visible surface sheen in the marine waters. These will affect the fish population.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
All engines and machinery used must be well maintained to ensure complete combustion of fuel to reduce or eliminate black smoke emission. Volatile chemicals containers must be tightly closed and stored in a cool room at all time.
The vessels are usually fitted with suitable slop tanks for the collection of waste oils (scheduled wastes). Used oil and spent/waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Storage and handling of scheduled wastes is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. Oily effluents from the vessels must be treated to meet MARPOL requirements of 15 mg/l. Emergency response and contingency plans will be put in place for response to accidental events. Oil spill kits which shall include absorbent pads will be made available onboard the vessels, which can be used to arrest spills onboard the vessel, preventing contamination of the deck area and minimize the discharge of oily deck runoffs into the marine waters.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Offshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Seabed Sediment
The anchoring activities of pipeline and platform installation vessels, such as the conventionally moored pipe lay barge, will leave behind anchor scars on the seabed floor. The anchor scars can remain over a substantial period of time and the disturbances to the seabed morphology are usually of medium term duration. Destruction of benthic habitats is the main concern; however, the effects are often localized and the loss of benthic habitats temporary due to re-colonization within a short duration after the disturbances have ceased.
The installation period should be optimized to reduce the installation time; thus re-colonization or reestablishment of new communities will occur in a shorter duration. Anchors should be placed at pre-determined locations as per approved anchor pattern to minimize the risk of anchors dragging which could smother the benthic organism. Select pipeline route and tow path to minimize impact. Deploy ROV to visually inspect the pipeline to ensure that the pipelines are installed properly on the seabed. Use vessels to deploy and recover anchors and anchor pennants to lift the anchors.
Extent of this impact will only be experienced at the anchor drop location along the pipeline route. Therefore, the potential impact will not be significant since the length of pipelines to be installed is between 1.1 km – 37.0 km.
Underwater Noise Emissions and Vibration Underwater noise emissions and sonic vibration will be caused by the installation activities of the pipelines and platform and from the vessels. However, the potential for adverse impacts to these marine mammals is relative low given that the installation activities are short-term, and the usual tendency for the marine mammals to move away from the source of noise.
The installation activity should be optimized to reduce the installation time, and to reduce disturbance to marine life.
The installation activity should be optimized to reduce the installation time to reduce disturbance to marine life. Planning of anchoring pattern to avoid unnecessary scars and to minimize the risk of anchors dragging which could smother the benthic organism. Avoid soft grounds which are prone to anchor dragging. Pre-determine selected pipeline routes and tow path to minimize impact to the bottom sediment.
Marine Biology During the pipeline installation, selected activities such as anchoring and physical placements of the pipelines on the seabed may increase the turbidity level which could disturb and smothered sedentary organisms. This may result in loss of benthic and bottom feeding organisms. Non sedentary organisms will not be affected since they will leave the impacted area.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Offshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment However, these changes to the benthic communities will be temporary and will occur during installation activity. Once the physical environment is back to normal, which normally after a 2 month duration the benthic organisms will recolonize the area. Treated sewage discharged by vessels is not expected to cause significant impact to marine biological ecosystem.
Solid Waste Management Solid wastes generated from the vessels can be categorized as domestic wastes, non-scheduled wastes and scheduled wastes. Domestic wastes include food and kitchen wastes generated from personnel onboard the vessels. These organic and biodegradable wastes will be macerated and disposed into the sea. Due to the high assimilative capacity of the sea, rapid dispersion by the water current and biodegradable nature of food waste; the impact on the marine water quality and biological system would be insignificant. Industrial wastes generated are mainly packing materials, rags and used oil. These wastes will be segregated into scheduled and non-scheduled wastes and transported onshore for final disposal. Waste generated will be minimal in quantity therefore its impact will be insignificant. Improper disposal and management of scheduled wastes can result in contamination of sea water.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Proper on-site collection bins should be provided. The solid waste shall be collected and removed by a contractor to an approved waste disposal site onshore. Used oil and spent/ waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Storage and handling of scheduled wastes is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. The wastes should be stored in sealed drums, labeled and placed in a designated scheduled waste storage area. Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of incompatible wastes. Empty storage containers for chemicals and petroleum products shall be removed off-site by a ed contractor. The quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20 metric tons and the wastes stored for a period not exceeding 180 days.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity
Impact Assessment Marine Traffic The Project area is not within the shipping lanes, therefore there will be no significant impact on the marine traffic.
Executive Summary
ONSHORE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Impacts Associated with Transportation Activities Installation works at the onshore comprises the The inbound transportation of construction materials and following activities: machinery to the Project site and the outbound movement of construction debris will occur at various times over the Transportation of construction/ installation period of 14 months. materials; and Construction activities for TEWIM, which is located onshore will include minor shrub clearance and site Construction activities at preparation and construction of the facilities for the water TEWIM injection module.
Proposed Mitigation Measures PETRONAS Carigali and its contractors shall send out early notification of their activities to the Marine Department of Sarawak so that “Notice to Mariners” can be issued timely. All pipe laying barge and standby vessels must have adequate navigational equipment to provide sufficient warning to vessels approaching the pipe laying activities area. All barges and workboats shall be sufficiently lighted up so that they are visible at night especially in poor weather conditions.
Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles leaving and entering the site at all times. A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities shall be provided at the exit of the TEWIM Project site for proper cleaning of construction vehicles. The Project site’s access roadways shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust-emission, especially in and around the construction areas. Prevention of spillage of rocks and materials onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads with canvas. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise and exhaust air emissions. A flagman should be placed at the junction of the Project site to ensure smooth traffic flow and for the safety of road s. Signages should be placed at the public roadway to inform the public of the construction activities and the movement of construction vehicles. The signage should also instruct vehicles to reduce speed limits near the TEWIM construction site.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Onshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Impact Assessment Air Quality The TEWIM construction area will experience release of dust fom vehicle movement and exhaust emissions into the atmosphere from the fuel-burning machinery and construction equipment. The impacts are expected to be transient and minor due to rapid dispersion and dilution experienced at coastal areas due to favourable coastal wind conditions. The air quality impacts therefore will not be significant.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Noise Noise will be generated by construction equipments and machineries. With the known open nature of the shoreline area and the site is away from residential areas, the noise impacts to the public at large will not be significant.
Sewage It is estimated that there will be between 50 to 100 workers onsite for the construction activities, resulting in low generation of sewage. As the duration of the construction is short term, it is anticipated that the impact will be minimal.
Vehicles leaving and entering the TEWIM construction site are to be maintained at all times to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas and public roads. A wash trough will be provided at the exit of the construction site. Wetting down of the TEWIM Project site to minimize fugitive dust-emission in and around the construction site. Prevention of spillage of excavated materials for site preparation onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads with canvas to avoid dust pollution. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit air emissions.
Noisy equipment if any shall be provided with temporary enclosures to shield adjacent areas from noise as much as possible. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise emissions. Provide proper personal protection equipments (PPE) to workers.
Mobile toilets used at the construction site should be well maintained and the sewage tanks must be desludged regularly and treated prior to any discharge.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Onshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Impact Assessment Solid Wastes Relatively low quantities of domestic solid wastes will be generated by workers on-site as the numbers of the workers are estimated to be between 50 to 100 persons. Taking into the that the construction period is limited to only 14 months and with regular collection of the wastes, the impact is expected to be insignificant. Industrial wastes generated are mainly packing materials, rags and used oil. These wastes will be segregated into scheduled and non-scheduled wastes and stored appropriately prior to final disposal. Waste generated will be minimal in quantity therefore its impact will be insignificant.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Proper on-site collection bins should be provided. The domestic solid waste shall be collected and removed by a licensed contractor prior to disposal at the nearest disposal site which is the Kidurong Dumpsite located approximately 5 km southeast of the BCOT. Construction waste shall be disposed off in a Local authority approved disposal site. Scheduled wastes must be collected and disposed by licensed scheduled waste contractors which are Trieneken (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd. Storage and handling of scheduled waste is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. Proper transfer of scheduled wastes from drums or machinery to vehicles must be practiced. Used oil and spent/ waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed at an approved site. The wastes should be stored in sealed drums, labeled and placed in a designated scheduled waste storage area. Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of incompatible wastes. Empty storage containers for chemicals and petroleum products shall be removed off-site by a licensed contractor. The quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20 metric tons and the wastes stored for a period not exceeding 180 days.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Impact Assessment HOOK-UP, TESTING AND PRE-COMMISSIONING PHASE Seawater and Seabed Quality Cleaning and gauging The discharged water will release colored plume into the Hydrotesting sea resulting from the use of tracer dye. The corrosion inhibitor used, Cortron O-3670R is a toxic and corrosive solution.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Chemicals selected will be environmentally friendly with low toxicity. In addition, these chemicals should be listed on the OCNS list and preferably be in the gold or silver categories. Concentrations used must be the lowest effective concentration possible. The discharge of the hydrotest water will be regulated at predetermined rate. Strict adherence to the instruction and precaution stated in the respective MSDS of the different chemicals used at all time. Unused chemicals should be properly stored and disposed at an approved location.
OPERATION Operation of the pipeline, platform, TEWI and TEWIM
Fishing Activities The presence of the Project pipelines and platform is unlikely to impact the fishery activities in this locality. The BCOT Marine Safety and Security Zone are already a restricted area thus, the installation of pipelines and platform are not expected to impact fishing activities in the locality significantly.
The pipelines and platform locations will also be marked on iralty and associated nautical charts. Fishing operators in the area will be made aware of the location of the pipelines through Marine Department and Fisheries Department. During pipeline installation activities, it is estimated that 2 an area of about 3 km at one particular time will be restricted to the navigational activities (particularly fishermen boats) to avoid incidents such as collision of vessels.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment Air Quality Emissions produced by the combustion of gas or liquids in turbines, boilers, compressors, pumps or other engines for power or heat generation, or for water injection, or gas export can be a significant source of localized air emissions from offshore facilities. Taking into that the Project is located in the open sea area and far away from residential area, therefore there are no sensitive receptors identified. Leakage of gas can result from uncontrolled corrosion, physical impact and undetected material defects. Gas from minor leakages will usually be subjected to rapid dissipation upon reaching the water surface; the impacts to water quality and marine habitat are therefore not expected to be significant.
Noise Noise generated during the operations phase would be mainly from the production and processing equipment on the platforms. The main issue will be occupational exposure to noise at close range.
Proposed Mitigation Measures During equipment selection, air emission specifications should be considered. Venting will be carried out only when necessary to avoid emergency situation due to gas leakage. The duration will be short and at controlled release rates. The venting systems will be designed in accordance with acceptable design safety practices with respect to vent systems. Air intakes should be installed to ventilate facility safe areas and areas that must remain operable during emergency situations. Gas detection facilities shall be installed to detect dangerous gas concentrations in the air intakes to provide for automatic shut-down in the event of dangerous gas levels. Lower noise-generating production machinery and equipment should be selected where there is an option. Selection of production machinery and equipment with built-in features of noise control. Provide mandatory hearing protection for plant operators, where the occupational noise exposure exceeds the 8-hour TWA acceptable level of 80dB(A). Proper warning signages at restricted areas.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment Maritime Traffic Accidents Vessel collision with the pipeline could result in, not only serious damage to the vessels involved and loss of lives, but also adverse impacts on marine sediment quality, water quality and marine life.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Health and Safety All identified incidents, as demonstrated by the QRA assessment indicate no unacceptable risks on residential areas, TEJ-D and TEWI. The resultant risk for fatility was identified to be within the tolerable region for public/ involuntary personnel (during vessel collision), and for operating staff/ voluntary personnel (in the event of fire/ explosion due to leak accidents). Potential risk of maritime accidents. Marine Ecology The structures are conducive for providing habitat for marine life, especially sponges, invertebrates and corals, while also attract inhabitation of crustaceans and fishes. This is a positive impact.
Effective implementation of navigational safety measures. PETRONAS Carigali-SKO will submit new pipelines location (with coordinates) which is marked on SAR Chart to the Marine Department of Sarawak Upon completion of pipelines installation activities, finalised SAR Chart that showed the location and actual coordinates will be submitted to the Marine Department of Sarawak.
Implementation and practice of an emergency plan for the site covering incidents related to handling, storage and process of hazardous materials. Fire fighting system, safety control system, inspection and maintenance are implemented and adhered to. Marine spread activity should preferably be carried out during good weather condition.
None
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Water Quality Discharge of off-spec water from the water injection system at TEWIM is not expected to result in significant impact to the marine waters due to low quantities and concentration of chemicals used during seawater treatment process. Socio-economic The proposed Project has positive potential to generate employment opportunities for the local population as well as to generate spin-off businesses related to the supply of food and other domestic requirements for the employees of the Project.
Chemicals selected will be environmentally friendly with low toxicity. In addition, these chemicals should be listed on the OCNS list and preferably be in the gold or silver categories.
Priority of employment to be given to the local population. Domestic supplies for the workers of the Project should be sourced locally. PETRONAS Carigali provides an avenue for the fishermen in annual engagements with the Fishermen Association (in presence of Sarawak Fisheries Department). PETRONAS Carigali through their CSR programmes contributes and provides to social events carried out in Sarawak and other states.
ABANDONMENT/ DECOMMISSIONING Decommissioning of pipeline Improper decommissioning activity of pipeline and platform and platform will cause hazardous condition and potential risk to environment.
Decommissioning/ abandonment of platform and pipeline is to be implemented based on PETRONAS’s “Guideline for Decommissioning of Oil and Gas Installation” and approval shall be sought from relevant authority prior to execution. Internal flushing, cleaning of hydrocarbon to less than 40 mg/l and filling of pipelines with seawater prior to final capping of open ends. Pipeline will be abandoned in-situ whereby the area along the pipeline will be abundant with marine life such as fish and is considered as a positive impact. The decommissioning team must adhere strictly to the instruction and precaution in the procedure. The Marine Department must be informed on the location of the decommissioned pipeline and platform.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
6
RESIDUAL IMPACTS
Residual impact is environmental impacts that may still persist, although mitigation measures to minimize the impacts are fully complied with and implemented. Identified residual impacts were mainly due to the physical presence of the pipeline as the pipeline may impose impact the marine current movement, marine sediment and the benthic community. However, these impacts are minimal, localized and considered insignificant. Furthermore, with the presence of the physical structures, it will create a shelter and breeding ground for pelagic and dimersal fishes. This in the long term will increase the offshore fish stock in the area.
7
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with an appropriate monitoring program will be prepared to ensure that all EIA Approval Conditions are complied with, and all regulations and standards are being met. It is also to guide the project proponent in managing the environmental impacts during Project implementation. In this chapter, an Environmental Monitoring Programme is proposed with its proposed sampling frequency, sampling points and parameters.
8
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
Temana Emergency Response Manual has been developed based on the PCSB-SKO Emergency Response Manuals to provide a basic guideline on handling any emergency incidents or accidents that may occur during the installation and operation of the platform and pipelines.
9
CONCLUSION
Impacts during the onshore and offshore activities of the Temana Redevelopment Project have been found to be mainly insignificant, short-term and localized. Additionally, discharge of off-spec water from the water injection system at TEWIM is not expected to result in significant impact to the marine waters due to low quantities and concentration of chemicals used during the seawater treatment process. All identified incidents, as demonstrated by the QRA assessment indicate no unacceptable risks on residential areas, TEJ-D and TEWI. With the implementation of the appropriate mitigation measures as proposed in Chapter 6 of this EIA Report will further minimize the potential environmental impacts from the Project. This report shows that, with the incorporation of appropriate design, sound implementation methods and mitigation measures, the proposed Project by PETRONAS Carigali can be implemented in an environmental acceptable manner. The positive contribution of the proposed Project development to the nation outweighs the minimal environmental impacts.
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Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out for the redevelopment of Temana Field. The proposed Temana Redevelopment Project is located approximately 43 km offshore Bintulu, Sarawak. The EIA Report is prepared in an integrated manner to assess the potential environmental impacts that may arise from the proposed offshore pipelines installation, platform construction, modification and construction of onshore facilities. Project Title This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared for “TEMANA REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT, BINTULU, SARAWAK”, hereinafter to be referred as the ‘Project'.
Environmental Legislative Requirement The Temana Revelopment Project involves enhanced oil recovery development which includes installation of new pipelines, platform and water injection system. Thus, this Project will fall under the prescribed activity stipulated under the Item 12 of Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987, as follows: ITEM 12: (a)
PETROLEUM
Oil and gas field development.
In accordance with the requirements of Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act 1974, the Project Proponent is required to submit an Environmental Impact Assessment report for the Project for the approval of the Department of Environment (DOE), prior to project implementation.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Project Proponent The Project Proponent is PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. with their correspondence address and person as follows: Temana Redevelopment Project PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Level 23, Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur City Centre 50088 Kuala Lumpur Person: Tel. No : Fax No :
Ir. Jazdi Bin Jabil (Project Manager) 03-2331 3821 03-2331 8437
EIA Consultant Scientige Sdn Bhd (SSB) in collaboration with Golden Ecosystem Sdn Bhd (GESB) was appointed as the Environmental Consultants to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment study for this Project. Enquiries and correspondences pertaining to this report can be made to: Scientige Sdn. Bhd. (712879-H) Level 11, Menara Dayabumi, Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, 50550 Kuala Lumpur. Person: Tel. No : Fax No : Email :
En. Mohammad Aman Samsurey 03-2267 2888 03-2272 2046 [email protected]
Golden Ecosystem Sdn. Bhd. (534338-P) 48-3A, Jalan PJU 5/9, Dataran Sunway, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Person: Tel. No : Fax. No : Email :
En. Azemi Bin Abu Bakar 03-6140 9701 03-6140 9702 [email protected]
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Project Location The Project is located within Temana Field which is in the Balingian geological province, approximately 43 km offshore Bintulu, Sarawak in water depth of between 25.1 m to 31.7 m. BCOT (Bintulu Crude Oil Terminal) is located onshore in Bintulu, Sarawak and is the receiving terminal for this Project. Figure ES-1 shows the Temana Field location.
Figure ES-1: Project Location
Statement of Need The Temana Redevelopment Project involves reviewing and assessing the resource potential and evaluating the options on resources development strategy as well as surface facilities optimization. The Project involves re-utilization of non productive wells. The main objective of the Temana Redevelopment Project is to improve the recovery factor from 34% to 56% (End of field life) with incremental reserves of 37.8 million stock tank barrels (MMstb) crude oil through infill wells and pressure maintenance (water injection) by August 2014. The prospective resources identified from a recent appraisal well discovery by optimizing the existing asset such as platform slot, idle well and other production facilities. Based on detail reservoir simulation study, the optimum production rate is expected to be about 7,000 stock tank barrels per day (stb/d) from three (3) infill development wells.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
2.
Executive Summary
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PETRONAS Carigali will be implementing the redevelopment of Temana Field. The Temana Redevelopment project comprises mainly the development of I-60 and I-65 reservoirs with the objective of improving recovery factor of 34% to 56% (end of life) with incremental reserves of 37.8 MMstb crude oil through new infill wells and pressure maintenance (water injection) by August 2014. Figure ES-2 shows the schematic layout of the Project components.
Project Components The Project comprises five (5) components: 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
New Onshore facilities: Temana Water Injection Module (TEWIM); New Offshore facilities: Temana Water Intake Platform (TEWI) and Drilling platform (TEJT-D); Infill drilling: TEJT-D (new facility), TEJT-C and TEJT-W (existing facilities); New offshore pipeline installation of six (6) new pipelines: o 10” x 3.7 km seawater intake pipeline from TEWI to TEWIM o 10” x 37 km water injection pipeline from TEWIM to TEJT-D o 6” x 6 km water injection pipeline from TEJT-D to TEJT-C o 6” x 1.1 km water injection pipeline from TEJT-C to TEJT-W o 8” x 7.5 km fuel well stream (FWS) pipeline from TEJT-D to TEK-A o 6” x 2.5 km gas pipeline from TEJT-T to TEJT-D Platform modification and pipeline host tie-in on the existing platform
Project Implementation The execution of offshore works are scheduled to be within 15 months beginning of August 2013 until end of October 2014, whilst execution of onshore works are expected to be completed within a 14 month period beginning of September 2013 until end of October 2014.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Figure ES-2: Schematic Layout of the Proposed Temana Redevelopment Project
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
3.
Executive Summary
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
Landuse The onshore Project site (TEWIM) is currently a green and vacant land. Land use surrounding the site within 1 km radius consists of BCOT facilities and MLNG facilities. Land use surrounding the site up to 2 km radius mainly consists of oil, gas and petrochemical plants such as MLNG DUA, MLNG TIGA, Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) and Asian Bintulu Fertilizer (ABF). The land use between 2 km to 3 km radius surrounding the site is the Bintulu Port, Kidurong Industrial Area (KINDA) and SESCO Power Station. The land to the west is a vacant industrial lot. The nearest residential areas are Kampong Sungai Plan Lot and some squatters area which are located at 4.3 km southeast of the site. Bathymetry Water depth for the area near the existing platforms and the proposed platform ranged from 25.1 m to 31.7 m and the seabed level of the study area was slightly dipping to the north with general gradient of 1:1030 (<0.1°). The superficial sediments obtained from the core samples from the depth between 2.1m and 2.4m exhibited very soft to soft CLAY. The water depth closest to TEJT-C Platform is approximately 26m and gradually decreases as it approaches the shore. Water depth along the 10” pipeline for water intake from offshore to BCOT clearance ranged from a minimum of 1.6 m to a maximum of 16.8 m and the seabed level along the proposed route is slightly dipping to the west northwest with a gentle gradient of 1:487 (0.02°). The seabed sediments derived from the core samples indicated of very soft grey CLAY. Subsoil Condition The subsoil characteristic of the proposed site is referred to the recent geotechnical investigation report conducted in early April 2012 at two (2) deep boreholes. The report indicates that water depth of these boreholes is at 12.7 m in average. The subsoil encountered by the soil boring at these locations comprises generally clay and sand layers.
Geology The coastal zone consists of sandy beach material. This strata overlies the Nyalau Formation whose geological age is Eocene-Oligocene. The oldest rocks known as the Biban Sandstone Member of the Nyalau Formation are of Lower Miocene age and consist of strong sandstone and subordinate shale with some limestone. These rocks are deposited in a shallow-water marine littoral to inner neritic environment. Overlying these rocks is the Miocene Nyalau Formation. The Nyalau Formation successions were deposited during the transgressive Miocene period.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Oceanography The tidal regime in Bintulu is predominantly diurnal, implying that there is one high water and one low water occurence during a tidal day. Bintulu experiences two (2) monsoonal changes. The Northeast Monsoon which usually occurs between November to February brings strong winds and heavy rainfall. Southwest Monsoon, which prevails during the later half of May or early June to September, brings less intense rainfall. The scalar mean wind speeds are high from December to February which is during the Northeast monsoon. The wind wave and swell wave are high from November to March which is during the Northeast monsoon.
Meteorology The climate of the study area is typically tropical with uniform temperature, high humidity and heavy rainfall. The climate is strongly influenced by the Southwest and Northeast Monsoons. The climatic data used in this report is based on data taken at Bintulu Station from Malaysian Meteorological Department for a period between 2001 to 2010. Baseline Study Baseline sampling for marine water quality and seabed sediment quality was carried out from 1st June to 10th June 2011. 27 sampling stations were located along five (5) platforms and four (4) pipelines. One (1) control station designated as C1 was located at approximately 2 km away from the Project site.
Marine Water Quality Overall, all parameters analyzed for marine water quality were within the Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia (Class 3 – Ports, Oil & Gas Field) (MWQCS). Temperature The temperature levels are comparable with the typical range for South China Sea (28°C – 32°C) (Nasir, et. al., 1988). Hence the recorded temperatures reflect the normal temperature of the South China Sea. pH Value This value is comparable to the Control Station (STC) which had an average of 7.74. The pH levels were within the recommended level for aquatic environment (6.5 – 8.5), (Liong and Subramaniam, 1990). Salinity The average results are comparable with the STC average level of 32.52ppt. It can be considered that the water quality at the Temana Field is within the typical range of South China Sea which is 32 ppt – 35 ppt (Nasir, et. al., 1988). Total Dissolved Solids Based on the typical range for the South China Sea which is >35,000mg/l (Siobhan, 2011), the TDS levels observed during this study are within this range indicating normal conditions.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Dissolved Oxygen The DO levels recorded at the study area were higher than the Class 3 limit (3mg/l) by MWQCS. The higher DO levels indicate that the water quality at the sampling stations is well aerated and healthy. Total Suspended Solid Although the average value is slightly higher than the control station value of 4 mg/l but it was much lower than the MWQCS limits of 100 mg/L. These results indicate that the area is not experiencing much disturbance in of sediment suspension. Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Results from the sampling conducted indicate that the nutrition status of the Temana Field is relatively good. Nitrate The waters around the Temana Field in of nitrate shows a condusive environment for the growth of marine plants as nitrate is a source of food.
Total Phosphate, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Oil & Grease The Project area during the sampling period is relatively unpolluted and results are within the regulatory limits for the oil and gas industry in of these parameters. These levels indicate low level of hydrocarbon pollutants in the area. Heavy metals It can be inferred that there is no heavy metal pollution in the study area during this sampling period. Seabed Sediment Overall, all parameters analyzed were within the Dutch Intervention Values (DIV). Marine Biology
Phytoplankton Generally, twenty one (21) genus were recorded within the sampling locations. Diatoms were found to be the most dominant group followed by Dinoflagellates. Densities of phytoplankton recorded at all sampling locations ranged from 1.21 x 103 no. per litre to 11.55 x 103 no. per litre. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’) of the phytoplankton communities at all sampling locations ranged from 1.03 to 1.88 which indicate that the waters within the Temana Field is considered to have a healthy phytoplankton growth and low level of pollution. It can also be concluded that there is a diverse phytoplankton species in this study area.
Zooplankton Twelve (12) different genus of zooplankton were identified within the study area and is mostly dominated by the Copepods. The densities of zooplankton ranged from 0.11 no. per liter (x103) to 3.19 no. per liter (x103) with an average value of 0.63 no. per liter (x103). The average value recorded for all stations monitored along the pipeline route was slightly lower compared to the control station value (0.88 no. per liter (X103). ShannonWiener Diversity Indices (H’) for this area are considered to have low diversity of zooplankton which ranged from 0.00 to 1.59 with an average of 0.69.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Macrobenthos The most abundant phylum in the study area was identified to be Molluscs followed by Pisces and Annelida, Anthropoda and Echinodermata. Macrobenthos density for all locations ranged from 7,920 ind/m2 to 55,660 ind/m2 and were lower than the Control Station (STC) level of 43,824 ind/m3. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’) ranged from a value of 1.44 to 2.39 which are comparable to Control Station (STC) with value of 1.69. Based on the Diversity Index, it can be concluded that this study area experiences low levels of pollution
Coral There is a small coral reef, known as Batu Mandi located about 4 km offshore of Kuala Sungai Likau, near the national park headquarters office and approximately 35 km from Temana Field. The area can be noticeable from the national park only during low tide. Therefore, as the Project site is located far away from environmental sensitive areas, there is no concern in of potential impacts from the proposed Project development. Turtle In Sarawak, there are five (5) main species of turtles with 95% of all turtle landings in Sarawak are found at the Turtle Island, which consists of Talang-Talang Besar, TalangTalang Kecil and Satang Besar. Turtle landings are also found along Kampong Puguh off Semantan and off the Similajau near Bintulu. Turtle Island is located about 33 km North West of Kuching and 390 km South West of Bintulu. The Project site is far away from turtle migration route and landing area. Fishery In Sarawak, fisheries can generally be categorized as traditional and commercial fishing. Traditional fishing is usually conducted in near shore waters using traditional fishing gear (drift nets, seine nets, stake nets, hook and line). Commercial fisheries comprise inshore fisheries and offshore fisheries. The common commercial fishing gears are trawl nets and purse seine nets. Fishing activities are most active during the month of April where the sea condition is more condusive for fishing activities. Majority of fishermen in Bintulu are coastal fishermen.
Marine Traffic The main port nearest to the Project site is the Bintulu Port. The distance from Temana Platform B (TEP-B) to the Bintulu Port is about 30 km. The average daily arrival and departure of coastal vessel recorded from 2005 – 2009 from Bintulu Port are 13 vessels per day. As for marine traffic recorded for foreign vessels, average of 17 vessels per day were recorded at Bintulu Port. As such, PETRONAS Carigali will need to plan the navigational activities during the pipeline installation and establish proper communication with the Marine Department of Sarawak.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
4
Executive Summary
SOCIO-ECONOMY
The objective of this socio-economic assessment is to understand the current social and economic status of individuals, households, groups and communities within the Project area. Although the Project site encomes onshore and offshore work, this socio-economic survey covers only the onshore communities within a radius of 5km from the boundaries of BCOT. The methodology involves data collection which included primary and secondary data sources. Findings of the survey indicated that, as the residential areas were located far away from both offshore Project activities (approximately 43 km) and also onshore Project activities (approximately 4.3 km), the redevelopment activities at Temana did not have any potential negative impacts. However, positive economic impacts such as creation of employment opportunities and increase in household income are anticipated. The presence of the Project pipelines and platform is unlikely to impact the fishery activities in this locality since Temana is an existing field. The BCOT Marine Safety and Security Zone is already a restricted area since the late 1970’s, the pipelines and platform are not expected to impact fishing activities. During pipeline installation activities, it is estimated that an area of about 3 km2 at one particular time will be restricted to the navigational activities (particularly fishermen boats) to avoid incidents such as collision of vessels. As a responsible multinational corporate organisation, PETRONAS is committed to contribute to societal needs in its development of Malaysia’s oil and gas resources as part of their corporate sustainability agenda. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes have been conducted both locally in Malaysia and also internationally in countries where PETRONAS has operations. PETRONAS provides an avenue for the fishermen to voice out their opinions and requirements through annual engagements with the Fishermen Association and in the presence of Sarawak Fisheries Department. Besides the community engagements, PETRONAS has also conducted many social programmes for the public in Sarawak and other states in Malaysia as part of their CSR contribution to the society. 5
IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The impact assessments for this Project were prepared based on the Project activities such as pipeline installation, construction of platform and TEWIM facilities, hook-up, testing and pre-Commissioning, operation and abandonment and decommissioning. With implementation of recommended mitigation measures throughout project execution as summarized in Table ES-1, the assessment on potential environmental impacts that may arise from project activities have been found to be mainly localized, short-term and insignificant.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Executive Summary
Table ES-1: Impact Assessment and Proposed Mitigation Measures Project Activity Impact Assessment OFFSHORE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Atmospheric Emission Installation works at the offshore comprises the Emission sources to the atmosphere during the pipe following activities: laying and platform installation activities are mainly from generators, welding equipment and barge exhaust. Other Transportation of sources of emission are fugitive release of volatile materials; organic compounds from fuel bunkering activities and cleaning solvent. Overall impacts from these emission Pipeline and platform sources are expected to be insignificant since the installation; and emission will be mainly transient in nature. Vessel anchoring and pipeline laying. Water Quality The deck drainage, engine cooling water and bilge from the vessels involved in the pipeline and platform installation works are of concern as they may contain low levels of oil and grease. Engine cooling water quantities are generally small and therefore the effect of the elevated temperatures on the marine waters will not be significant. There will be generation of sewage and domestic wastewater from a number of personnel on board the various vessels. The sewage and domestic wastewaters and their respective pollutant loads can be considered relatively small against the vast ocean waters. The larger pipeline installation vessels and vessels are likely to provide basic treatment of sewage prior to discharge to sea. Accidental spillage of diesel fuel and/or lubricating oils in significant amount will result in the formation of visible surface sheen in the marine waters. These will affect the fish population.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
All engines and machinery used must be well maintained to ensure complete combustion of fuel to reduce or eliminate black smoke emission. Volatile chemicals containers must be tightly closed and stored in a cool room at all time.
The vessels are usually fitted with suitable slop tanks for the collection of waste oils (scheduled wastes). Used oil and spent/waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Storage and handling of scheduled wastes is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. Oily effluents from the vessels must be treated to meet MARPOL requirements of 15 mg/l. Emergency response and contingency plans will be put in place for response to accidental events. Oil spill kits which shall include absorbent pads will be made available onboard the vessels, which can be used to arrest spills onboard the vessel, preventing contamination of the deck area and minimize the discharge of oily deck runoffs into the marine waters.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Offshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Seabed Sediment
The anchoring activities of pipeline and platform installation vessels, such as the conventionally moored pipe lay barge, will leave behind anchor scars on the seabed floor. The anchor scars can remain over a substantial period of time and the disturbances to the seabed morphology are usually of medium term duration. Destruction of benthic habitats is the main concern; however, the effects are often localized and the loss of benthic habitats temporary due to re-colonization within a short duration after the disturbances have ceased.
The installation period should be optimized to reduce the installation time; thus re-colonization or reestablishment of new communities will occur in a shorter duration. Anchors should be placed at pre-determined locations as per approved anchor pattern to minimize the risk of anchors dragging which could smother the benthic organism. Select pipeline route and tow path to minimize impact. Deploy ROV to visually inspect the pipeline to ensure that the pipelines are installed properly on the seabed. Use vessels to deploy and recover anchors and anchor pennants to lift the anchors.
Extent of this impact will only be experienced at the anchor drop location along the pipeline route. Therefore, the potential impact will not be significant since the length of pipelines to be installed is between 1.1 km – 37.0 km.
Underwater Noise Emissions and Vibration Underwater noise emissions and sonic vibration will be caused by the installation activities of the pipelines and platform and from the vessels. However, the potential for adverse impacts to these marine mammals is relative low given that the installation activities are short-term, and the usual tendency for the marine mammals to move away from the source of noise.
The installation activity should be optimized to reduce the installation time, and to reduce disturbance to marine life.
The installation activity should be optimized to reduce the installation time to reduce disturbance to marine life. Planning of anchoring pattern to avoid unnecessary scars and to minimize the risk of anchors dragging which could smother the benthic organism. Avoid soft grounds which are prone to anchor dragging. Pre-determine selected pipeline routes and tow path to minimize impact to the bottom sediment.
Marine Biology During the pipeline installation, selected activities such as anchoring and physical placements of the pipelines on the seabed may increase the turbidity level which could disturb and smothered sedentary organisms. This may result in loss of benthic and bottom feeding organisms. Non sedentary organisms will not be affected since they will leave the impacted area.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Offshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment However, these changes to the benthic communities will be temporary and will occur during installation activity. Once the physical environment is back to normal, which normally after a 2 month duration the benthic organisms will recolonize the area. Treated sewage discharged by vessels is not expected to cause significant impact to marine biological ecosystem.
Solid Waste Management Solid wastes generated from the vessels can be categorized as domestic wastes, non-scheduled wastes and scheduled wastes. Domestic wastes include food and kitchen wastes generated from personnel onboard the vessels. These organic and biodegradable wastes will be macerated and disposed into the sea. Due to the high assimilative capacity of the sea, rapid dispersion by the water current and biodegradable nature of food waste; the impact on the marine water quality and biological system would be insignificant. Industrial wastes generated are mainly packing materials, rags and used oil. These wastes will be segregated into scheduled and non-scheduled wastes and transported onshore for final disposal. Waste generated will be minimal in quantity therefore its impact will be insignificant. Improper disposal and management of scheduled wastes can result in contamination of sea water.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Proper on-site collection bins should be provided. The solid waste shall be collected and removed by a contractor to an approved waste disposal site onshore. Used oil and spent/ waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Storage and handling of scheduled wastes is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. The wastes should be stored in sealed drums, labeled and placed in a designated scheduled waste storage area. Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of incompatible wastes. Empty storage containers for chemicals and petroleum products shall be removed off-site by a ed contractor. The quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20 metric tons and the wastes stored for a period not exceeding 180 days.
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Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity
Impact Assessment Marine Traffic The Project area is not within the shipping lanes, therefore there will be no significant impact on the marine traffic.
Executive Summary
ONSHORE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Impacts Associated with Transportation Activities Installation works at the onshore comprises the The inbound transportation of construction materials and following activities: machinery to the Project site and the outbound movement of construction debris will occur at various times over the Transportation of construction/ installation period of 14 months. materials; and Construction activities for TEWIM, which is located onshore will include minor shrub clearance and site Construction activities at preparation and construction of the facilities for the water TEWIM injection module.
Proposed Mitigation Measures PETRONAS Carigali and its contractors shall send out early notification of their activities to the Marine Department of Sarawak so that “Notice to Mariners” can be issued timely. All pipe laying barge and standby vessels must have adequate navigational equipment to provide sufficient warning to vessels approaching the pipe laying activities area. All barges and workboats shall be sufficiently lighted up so that they are visible at night especially in poor weather conditions.
Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles leaving and entering the site at all times. A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities shall be provided at the exit of the TEWIM Project site for proper cleaning of construction vehicles. The Project site’s access roadways shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust-emission, especially in and around the construction areas. Prevention of spillage of rocks and materials onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads with canvas. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise and exhaust air emissions. A flagman should be placed at the junction of the Project site to ensure smooth traffic flow and for the safety of road s. Signages should be placed at the public roadway to inform the public of the construction activities and the movement of construction vehicles. The signage should also instruct vehicles to reduce speed limits near the TEWIM construction site.
ES-14
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Onshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Impact Assessment Air Quality The TEWIM construction area will experience release of dust fom vehicle movement and exhaust emissions into the atmosphere from the fuel-burning machinery and construction equipment. The impacts are expected to be transient and minor due to rapid dispersion and dilution experienced at coastal areas due to favourable coastal wind conditions. The air quality impacts therefore will not be significant.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Noise Noise will be generated by construction equipments and machineries. With the known open nature of the shoreline area and the site is away from residential areas, the noise impacts to the public at large will not be significant.
Sewage It is estimated that there will be between 50 to 100 workers onsite for the construction activities, resulting in low generation of sewage. As the duration of the construction is short term, it is anticipated that the impact will be minimal.
Vehicles leaving and entering the TEWIM construction site are to be maintained at all times to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas and public roads. A wash trough will be provided at the exit of the construction site. Wetting down of the TEWIM Project site to minimize fugitive dust-emission in and around the construction site. Prevention of spillage of excavated materials for site preparation onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads with canvas to avoid dust pollution. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit air emissions.
Noisy equipment if any shall be provided with temporary enclosures to shield adjacent areas from noise as much as possible. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise emissions. Provide proper personal protection equipments (PPE) to workers.
Mobile toilets used at the construction site should be well maintained and the sewage tanks must be desludged regularly and treated prior to any discharge.
ES-15
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Onshore Installation Activities (cont’)
Impact Assessment Solid Wastes Relatively low quantities of domestic solid wastes will be generated by workers on-site as the numbers of the workers are estimated to be between 50 to 100 persons. Taking into the that the construction period is limited to only 14 months and with regular collection of the wastes, the impact is expected to be insignificant. Industrial wastes generated are mainly packing materials, rags and used oil. These wastes will be segregated into scheduled and non-scheduled wastes and stored appropriately prior to final disposal. Waste generated will be minimal in quantity therefore its impact will be insignificant.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Proper on-site collection bins should be provided. The domestic solid waste shall be collected and removed by a licensed contractor prior to disposal at the nearest disposal site which is the Kidurong Dumpsite located approximately 5 km southeast of the BCOT. Construction waste shall be disposed off in a Local authority approved disposal site. Scheduled wastes must be collected and disposed by licensed scheduled waste contractors which are Trieneken (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd. Storage and handling of scheduled waste is to be carried out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005. Proper transfer of scheduled wastes from drums or machinery to vehicles must be practiced. Used oil and spent/ waste oil generated during the construction works from machines, generators, etc. shall be collected and disposed at an approved site. The wastes should be stored in sealed drums, labeled and placed in a designated scheduled waste storage area. Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of incompatible wastes. Empty storage containers for chemicals and petroleum products shall be removed off-site by a licensed contractor. The quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20 metric tons and the wastes stored for a period not exceeding 180 days.
ES-16
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Impact Assessment HOOK-UP, TESTING AND PRE-COMMISSIONING PHASE Seawater and Seabed Quality Cleaning and gauging The discharged water will release colored plume into the Hydrotesting sea resulting from the use of tracer dye. The corrosion inhibitor used, Cortron O-3670R is a toxic and corrosive solution.
Executive Summary
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Chemicals selected will be environmentally friendly with low toxicity. In addition, these chemicals should be listed on the OCNS list and preferably be in the gold or silver categories. Concentrations used must be the lowest effective concentration possible. The discharge of the hydrotest water will be regulated at predetermined rate. Strict adherence to the instruction and precaution stated in the respective MSDS of the different chemicals used at all time. Unused chemicals should be properly stored and disposed at an approved location.
OPERATION Operation of the pipeline, platform, TEWI and TEWIM
Fishing Activities The presence of the Project pipelines and platform is unlikely to impact the fishery activities in this locality. The BCOT Marine Safety and Security Zone are already a restricted area thus, the installation of pipelines and platform are not expected to impact fishing activities in the locality significantly.
The pipelines and platform locations will also be marked on iralty and associated nautical charts. Fishing operators in the area will be made aware of the location of the pipelines through Marine Department and Fisheries Department. During pipeline installation activities, it is estimated that 2 an area of about 3 km at one particular time will be restricted to the navigational activities (particularly fishermen boats) to avoid incidents such as collision of vessels.
ES-17
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment Air Quality Emissions produced by the combustion of gas or liquids in turbines, boilers, compressors, pumps or other engines for power or heat generation, or for water injection, or gas export can be a significant source of localized air emissions from offshore facilities. Taking into that the Project is located in the open sea area and far away from residential area, therefore there are no sensitive receptors identified. Leakage of gas can result from uncontrolled corrosion, physical impact and undetected material defects. Gas from minor leakages will usually be subjected to rapid dissipation upon reaching the water surface; the impacts to water quality and marine habitat are therefore not expected to be significant.
Noise Noise generated during the operations phase would be mainly from the production and processing equipment on the platforms. The main issue will be occupational exposure to noise at close range.
Proposed Mitigation Measures During equipment selection, air emission specifications should be considered. Venting will be carried out only when necessary to avoid emergency situation due to gas leakage. The duration will be short and at controlled release rates. The venting systems will be designed in accordance with acceptable design safety practices with respect to vent systems. Air intakes should be installed to ventilate facility safe areas and areas that must remain operable during emergency situations. Gas detection facilities shall be installed to detect dangerous gas concentrations in the air intakes to provide for automatic shut-down in the event of dangerous gas levels. Lower noise-generating production machinery and equipment should be selected where there is an option. Selection of production machinery and equipment with built-in features of noise control. Provide mandatory hearing protection for plant operators, where the occupational noise exposure exceeds the 8-hour TWA acceptable level of 80dB(A). Proper warning signages at restricted areas.
ES-18
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment Maritime Traffic Accidents Vessel collision with the pipeline could result in, not only serious damage to the vessels involved and loss of lives, but also adverse impacts on marine sediment quality, water quality and marine life.
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Health and Safety All identified incidents, as demonstrated by the QRA assessment indicate no unacceptable risks on residential areas, TEJ-D and TEWI. The resultant risk for fatility was identified to be within the tolerable region for public/ involuntary personnel (during vessel collision), and for operating staff/ voluntary personnel (in the event of fire/ explosion due to leak accidents). Potential risk of maritime accidents. Marine Ecology The structures are conducive for providing habitat for marine life, especially sponges, invertebrates and corals, while also attract inhabitation of crustaceans and fishes. This is a positive impact.
Effective implementation of navigational safety measures. PETRONAS Carigali-SKO will submit new pipelines location (with coordinates) which is marked on SAR Chart to the Marine Department of Sarawak Upon completion of pipelines installation activities, finalised SAR Chart that showed the location and actual coordinates will be submitted to the Marine Department of Sarawak.
Implementation and practice of an emergency plan for the site covering incidents related to handling, storage and process of hazardous materials. Fire fighting system, safety control system, inspection and maintenance are implemented and adhered to. Marine spread activity should preferably be carried out during good weather condition.
None
ES-19
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
Project Activity Operation (cont’)
Executive Summary
Impact Assessment
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Water Quality Discharge of off-spec water from the water injection system at TEWIM is not expected to result in significant impact to the marine waters due to low quantities and concentration of chemicals used during seawater treatment process. Socio-economic The proposed Project has positive potential to generate employment opportunities for the local population as well as to generate spin-off businesses related to the supply of food and other domestic requirements for the employees of the Project.
Chemicals selected will be environmentally friendly with low toxicity. In addition, these chemicals should be listed on the OCNS list and preferably be in the gold or silver categories.
Priority of employment to be given to the local population. Domestic supplies for the workers of the Project should be sourced locally. PETRONAS Carigali provides an avenue for the fishermen in annual engagements with the Fishermen Association (in presence of Sarawak Fisheries Department). PETRONAS Carigali through their CSR programmes contributes and provides to social events carried out in Sarawak and other states.
ABANDONMENT/ DECOMMISSIONING Decommissioning of pipeline Improper decommissioning activity of pipeline and platform and platform will cause hazardous condition and potential risk to environment.
Decommissioning/ abandonment of platform and pipeline is to be implemented based on PETRONAS’s “Guideline for Decommissioning of Oil and Gas Installation” and approval shall be sought from relevant authority prior to execution. Internal flushing, cleaning of hydrocarbon to less than 40 mg/l and filling of pipelines with seawater prior to final capping of open ends. Pipeline will be abandoned in-situ whereby the area along the pipeline will be abundant with marine life such as fish and is considered as a positive impact. The decommissioning team must adhere strictly to the instruction and precaution in the procedure. The Marine Department must be informed on the location of the decommissioned pipeline and platform.
ES-20
Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Temana Redevelopment Project, Bintulu, Sarawak
6
RESIDUAL IMPACTS
Residual impact is environmental impacts that may still persist, although mitigation measures to minimize the impacts are fully complied with and implemented. Identified residual impacts were mainly due to the physical presence of the pipeline as the pipeline may impose impact the marine current movement, marine sediment and the benthic community. However, these impacts are minimal, localized and considered insignificant. Furthermore, with the presence of the physical structures, it will create a shelter and breeding ground for pelagic and dimersal fishes. This in the long term will increase the offshore fish stock in the area.
7
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with an appropriate monitoring program will be prepared to ensure that all EIA Approval Conditions are complied with, and all regulations and standards are being met. It is also to guide the project proponent in managing the environmental impacts during Project implementation. In this chapter, an Environmental Monitoring Programme is proposed with its proposed sampling frequency, sampling points and parameters.
8
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
Temana Emergency Response Manual has been developed based on the PCSB-SKO Emergency Response Manuals to provide a basic guideline on handling any emergency incidents or accidents that may occur during the installation and operation of the platform and pipelines.
9
CONCLUSION
Impacts during the onshore and offshore activities of the Temana Redevelopment Project have been found to be mainly insignificant, short-term and localized. Additionally, discharge of off-spec water from the water injection system at TEWIM is not expected to result in significant impact to the marine waters due to low quantities and concentration of chemicals used during the seawater treatment process. All identified incidents, as demonstrated by the QRA assessment indicate no unacceptable risks on residential areas, TEJ-D and TEWI. With the implementation of the appropriate mitigation measures as proposed in Chapter 6 of this EIA Report will further minimize the potential environmental impacts from the Project. This report shows that, with the incorporation of appropriate design, sound implementation methods and mitigation measures, the proposed Project by PETRONAS Carigali can be implemented in an environmental acceptable manner. The positive contribution of the proposed Project development to the nation outweighs the minimal environmental impacts.
ES-21
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