Project Report On Cement Industry 5k6g6w

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CERTIFICATE TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Kripal Rathore and Patel Pariket student of B.tech Chemicals in Jaipur National University , Jaipur (Rajasthan). Has undergone training at Aditya Birla White Cement Plant, Kharia Khangar, Jodhpur. They have undergone training during a time period from 1st June, 2014 to 15th July, 2014.The performance during the training was satisfactory. We wish the student’s all the success in the future endeavors.

Signature HR Department Ultratech cement limited, Aditya Birla White Cement Plant, Kharia Khangar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to the all the persons (technical to management level) who helped us during the training period and taking out time from their busy schedule and guiding throughout the course of the training and project, and ensuring that all the concerned doubts and problems were rapidly resolved. We are also very grateful to them for the valuable professional insights in the area of technical knowledge. We would also like to thank all the concerned department people and assistants who helped in all the times.

Signature Mr. Kripal Rathore Mr.Patel Pariket B.Tech Chemicals 6th Semester Jaipur National University, Jaipur.

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INDUSTRY DETAIL

The Indian cement industry has been on a high growth trajectory for more than a decade, led by buoyancy in sectors such as real estate and construction. The industry has witnessed continuous modernisation and adoption of new technologies in recent years. India is the world's second largest producer of cement after China with industry capacity of over 200 million tonnes (MT). With the boost given by the government to various infrastructure projects, road networks and housing facilities, growth in the cement consumption is anticipated in the coming years. The modern Indian cement plants are state-of-the-art plants and amongst the best in the world. The cement industry comprises of 134 large cement plants with an installed capacity of 173.08 million tonnes and more than 350 operating mini-cement plants, with an estimated capacity of 11.10 million tonnes per annum, making a total installed capacity of 184.18 million tonnes in the last fiscal, as per the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion's latest data. In order to meet the expanding demand, cement companies are fast developing new plants. The cement industry is poised to add 111 MT of annual capacity by the end of 2009–10 (FY 2010), riding on the back of approximately 141 outstanding cement projects. According to a report by the ICRA Industry Monitor, the installed capacity is expected to increase to 241 MTPA by FY 2010-end. India's cement industry is likely to record an annual growth of 10 per cent in the coming years with higher domestic demand resulting in increased capacity utilisation.

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Housing, Infrastructure and Real estate sectors, with major construction activity in rural and semi-urban areas through large infrastructure and housing development projects, are expected to augment the growth rise in cement sector. Demand in this region is being driven by infrastructure, residential and commercial projects. Domestic Players

While the Cement Corporation of India, a central public sector undertaking, comprises 10 units; the various State governments own 10 large cement plants. Among the leading domestic players in of cement manufacturing are Ambuja Cement,  Aditya Birla Group (which owns UltraTech Cement),  ACC Ltd,  J K Cement etc They are not only the foremost producers of cement but also enjoy a high level of equity in the market. Despite a slowdown in most sectors of the economy, the Aditya Birla group, the country's largest cement maker, has seen a sharp rise in cement sales in December. According to figures released by the conglomerate, sales by the group are up 13.36 per cent at 2.82 MT, compared to last year. The Birla group's production of cement for December also rose, by 14.85 per cent to 2.27 MT. The other large cement maker, ACC, too saw a jump in sales in December, despite the slowdown in the realty sector. ACC reported a marginal rise in its cumulative production for the January-December period to 20.84 MT, from 19.92 MT last year; sales rose to 20.86 MT from 19.88 MT last year (2009). Ambuja Cements Ltd, India's third-largest cement maker, too saw an increase in shipments in December 2008. Shipments rose 11.8 per cent to 16.62 MT from 14.86 MT, a year earlier.

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Global Players

Rapid urbanisation and the booming infrastructure have lead to an increase in construction and development across India, attracting even the global players. The recent years have witnessed a surge of foreign direct investment in the cement sector. International players like 's Lafarge, Holcim from Switzerland, Italy's Italcementi and 's Heidelberg Cements together hold more than a quarter of the total capacity. 

Holcim, one of the world's leading suppliers of cement, has 24 plants in the country (India) and enjoys a market share of about 23–25 per cent

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Italcementi Group, which acquired full stake in the K K Birla promoted Zuari Industries' cement.

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The French cement major, Lafarge which acquired the cement plants of Raymond and Tisco with an installed capacity of 6.5 MTPA a few years back plans to grow it to 15-30 MTPA in the next 10 years. Till now its manufacturing capacity was concentrated in East India, but now the company is spreading its wings to the north and south. It is setting up four greenfield projects in Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, north-east and south India, with a combined capacity of around 5 MT.

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German major, Heidelberg Cement has merged Mysore Cement, in which it owns around 54 per cent stake, Indorama, (where it acquired 100 per cent stake in 2008) and its 100 per cent Indian subsidiary, Heidelberg Cement India.

Installed capacity

The cement industry in India has added a whopping 46 MT capacity in just a little over three years, taking the total installed capacity to 206.96 MT as on December 31, 2008. This includes India Cements Ltd's new grinding unit at Vallur, Tamil Nadu with an installed capacity of 1.10 MT, and UltraTech's plant at Ginigera, Karnataka with an installed capacity of 1.30 MT.The industry added over 30 MT to its installed capacity in just one year (April 2007–March 2008). Almost all players of the industry, small to medium to large, have added capacity ranging between a minimum of 200,000 tonnes and a maximum of 3 MT in the three years

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(April 2005 to March 2008), effecting a total addition of 45 MT to the installed capacity by setting up greenfield projects, and expanding and upgrading the existing plant.

Technological change

Continuous technological upgrading and assimilation of latest technology has been going on in the cement industry. Presently, 93 per cent of the total capacity in the industry is based on modern and environment-friendly dry process technology and only 7 per cent of the capacity is based on old wet and semi-dry process technology. There is tremendous scope for waste heat recovery in cement plants and thereby reduction in emission level. One project for co-generation of power utilising waste heat in an Indian cement plant is being implemented with Japanese assistance under the Green Aid Plan. The induction of advanced technology has helped the industry immensely to conserve energy and fuel and to save materials substantially. India is also producing different varieties of cement like Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement (PBFC), Oil Well Cement, Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, etc. Production of these varieties of cement conform to the BIS Specifications. Between April to November 2008, 25 per cent of all cement produced was OPC, 67 per cent was PPC and 8 per cent was PBFC. RMC Business

Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is sometime preferred to on-site concrete mixing because of the precision of the mixture and reduced worksite confusion. The Indian RMC business is growing by 25 per cent every year. In India only 2–3 per cent cement consumption by cement industry goes through RMC, as against 60 per cent in developed markets. At present, India has 200 RMC plants across the country. 

JK Lakshmi Cements plans to add five more RMC units to its existing 10 units as part of its expansion plans at a total cost of US$ 210.53 million.

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Lafarge, the world's second largest cement maker.

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COMPANY SPECIFIC

ABOUT THE ADITYA BIRLA ULTRATECH CEMENT UltraTech Cement is part of the US $40 billion Aditya Birla Group. The company has an installed capacity of 62 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA). UltraTech Cement provides a range of products that cater to all the needs from laying the foundation to delivering the final touches. The range includes Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement, Portland Pozzalana Cement, White Cement, Ready Mix Concrete, building products and a host of other building solutions. White cement is manufactured under the brand name of ‘Birla White’ , ready mix concretes under the name of ‘UltraTech Concrete’ and new age building products under the name of ‘UltraTech Building Products Division’. The retail outlets of UltraTech operate under the name of ‘UltraTech Building Solutions’. UltraTech’s subsidiaries are Dakshin Cements Limited, Harish Cement Limited, Gotan Limestone Khauj Udyog Private Limited, Bhagwati Limestone Company Private Limited, UltraTech Cement Lanka (Pvt.) (Ltd.), UltraTech Cement Middle East Investments Limited, PT UltraTech Mining Indonesia and PT UltraTech Investments Indonesia. UltraTech’s parent company, the Aditya Birla Group, is in the league of Fortune 500 companies. It employs a diverse workforce comprising of 1,20,000 employees, belonging to 42 different nationalities across 36 countries. A recent survey conducted by Aon-Hewitt ranked the Aditya Birla Group as one among the ‘Best Employers’ in India. Another survey conducted by Aon-Hewitt, Fortune magazine and RBL ranked the group as No. 4 in the world and No.1 in Asia Pacific among the ‘Top Companies for Leaders’ (2011).

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FACTFILE       

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UltraTech is among the top cement producers globally. Largest producer of white cement in India. One of the largest producers of RMC in India. UltraTech Cement belongs to the Aditya Birla Group, India’s first multinational corporation. With an installed capacity of 62 MTPA, Ultr aTech is India’s leading cement manufacturer. UltraTech’s presence along with its subsidiaries is recorded at 12 composite plants, one white cement plant, two wall care putty plants, one clinkerisation plant in UAE, 16 grinding units; 12 in India, 2 in UAE, 1 in Bahrain and Bangladesh each, 6 bulk terminals; 5 in India and 1 in Sri Lanka and 101 concrete plants. Straddling export markets in countries across the Indian Ocean and the Middle East, UltraTech Cement is also the country’s largest cement exporter.

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GROWTH STORY

Pictorial representation of aditya birla ultratech cement growth & its milestones

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LEADERSHIP TEAM

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Plant and Machinery UltraTech Concrete is manufactured at state-of-the-art computerized automatic batching & mixing plants with contemporary technology. Some of the special features of our plants are Entire process is fully computerized, leaving no scope for human errors. All the control systems are Windows based.  Cement and other raw material are checked as per our quality plan.  All the raw materials are stacked in separate bins and are stored under cover so that aggregates are not exposed to direct sunlight and environment pollution.  Cement, Fly ash, Slag etc. are stored in separate silos for better control on recipe.  Handling of fly ash and slag are done from closed bunkers to silos directly.  Separate weigh-batchers are provided for each ingredient like cement, water, ixtures and aggregates. The weighing is done on sophisticated electronic weigh batchers. Precise weighing of all materials is done through electronic load cells made up of special alloys.  Homogeneous mixing of concrete is ensured by use of special high-efficiency mixers like pan-type or turbo-twin shaft mixers.  A fully equipped onsite plant laboratory is available at each plant.  A Sprinkler system is installed to ensure temperature control of aggregates in hot weather.  In line with Group’s focus towards environment and eco-friendliness all silos are installed with bag filters and level indicators to avoid any kind of pollution.  Processes are in place for effective and periodic maintenance and calibration of all critical components.  Laser sensor and moisture control are used for a stringent quality assurance.  Well trained and experienced engineers are available at every plant to take care of the quality of concrete.

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PROCESS TECHNOLOGY While adding fresh capacities, the cement manufacturers are very conscious of the technology used. In cement production, raw materials preparation involves primary and secondary crushing of the quarried material, drying the material (for use in the dry process) or undertaking a further raw grinding through either wet or dry processes, and blending the materials. Clinker production is the most energy-intensive step, ing for about 80% of the energy used in cement Production.Produced by burning a mixture of materials, mainly limestone, silicon oxides,aluminum, and iron oxides, clinker is made by one of two production processes: wetor dry; these refer to the grinding processes although other configurations and mixed forms (semi-wet, semi-dry) exist for both types. In the dry process, the raw materials are ground, mixed, and fed into the kiln in their dry state. In the wet process, the crushed and proportioned materials are ground with water, mixed, and fed into the kiln in the form of slurry.Different types of cement that are produced in India are: • Ordinary Portland cement (OPC):OPC, popularly known as grey cement, has 95 per cent clinker and 5 per cent gypsum and other materials. It s for 70 per cent of the total consumption. • Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC):PPC has 80 per cent clinker, 15 per cent pozzolana and 5 per cent gypsum and s for 18 per cent of the total cement consumption. It is manufactured because it uses fly ash/burnt clay/coal waste as the main ingredient. • White Cement: White cement is basically OPC - clinker using fuel oil (instead of coal) with iron oxide content below 0.4 per cent to ensure whiteness. A special cooling technique is used in its production. It is used to enhance aesthetic value in tiles and flooring. White cement is much more expensive than grey cement. • Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement (PBFSC): PBFSC consists of 45 per cent clinker, 50 per cent blast furnace slag and 5 per cent gypsum and s for 10 per cent of the total cement consumed. It has a heat of hydration even lower than PPC and is generally used in the construction of dams and similar massive constructions. • Specialized Cement: Oil Well Cement is made from clinker with special additives to prevent any porosity. • Rapid Hardening Portland cement: Rapid Hardening Portland Cement is similar to OPC, except that it is ground much finer, so that on casting, the compressible strength increases rapidly. • Water Proof Cement: Water Proof Cement is similar to OPC, with a small portion of calcium stearate or non- saponifibale oil to impart waterproofing properties.

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PROCEDURE The main raw materials used in the cement manufacturing process are limestone,sand, shale, clay, and iron ore. The main material, limestone, is usually mined onsite while the other minor materials may be mined either on site or in near by quarries. Another source of raw materials is industrial by-products. The use of by-product materials to replace natural raw materials is a key element in achieving sustainable development.

Raw Material Preparation Mining of limestone requires the use of drilling and blasting techniques. The blasting techniques use the latest technology to insure vibration, dust, and noise emissions are kept at a minimum. Blasting produces materials in a wide range of sizes from approximately 1.5 meters in diameter to small particles less than a few millimeters in diameter. Material is loaded at the blasting face into trucks for transportation to the crushing plant. Through a series of crushers and screens, the limestone is reduced to a size less than 100 mm and stored until required. Depending on size, the minor materials (sand, shale, clay, and iron ore) may or may not be crushed before being stored in separate areas until required.

Raw Grinding In the wet process, each raw material is proportioned to meet a desired chemical composition and fed to a rotating ball mill with water. The raw materials are ground to a size where the majority of the materials are less than 75 microns. Materials exiting the mill are called "slurry" and have flowability characteristics. This slurry is pumped to blending tanks and homogenized to insure the chemical composition of the slurry is correct. Following the homogenization process, the slurry is stored in tanks until required. In the dry process, each raw material is proportioned to meet a desired chemical composition and fed to either a rotating ball mill or vertical roller mill. The raw materials are dried with waste process gases and ground to a size where the majority of the materials are less than 75 microns. The dry materials exiting either type of mill are called "kiln feed". The kiln feed is pneumatically blended to insure the chemical composition of the kiln feed is well homogenized and then stored in silos until required.

Pyroprocessing Whether the process is wet or dry, the same chemical reactions take place. Basic chemical reactions are: evaporating all moisture, calcining the limestone to produce free calcium oxide, and reacting the calcium oxide with the minor materials (sand, shale, clay, and iron). This results in a final black, nodular product known as"clinker" which has the desired hydraulic properties. In the wet process, the slurry is fed to a rotary kiln, which can be from 3.0 m to 5.0m in diameter and from 120.0 m to 165.0 m in length. The rotary kiln is made of steel and lined with special refractory materials to protect it from the high process temperatures. Process temperatures can reach as high as 1450 oC during the clinker making process. In the dry process, kiln feed is fed to a pre heater tower, which can be as high as150.0 meters. Material from the pre heater tower is discharged to a rotary kiln with can have the same diameter as a wet process kiln but the length is much shorter atapproximately 45.0 m. The preheater tower and rotary kiln are made of steel and lined with special refractory materials to protect it from the high process temperatures. Regardless of the process, the rotary kiln is fired with an intense flame, produced by burning coal, coke, oil, gas or waste fuels. Preheater towers can be equipped with firing as well. The

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rotary kiln discharges the red-hot clinker under the intense flame into a clinker cooler. The clinker cooler recovers heat from the clinker and returns the heat to the pyro-processing system thus reducing fuel consumption and improving energy efficiency. Clinker leaving the clinker cooler is at a temperature conducive to being handled on standard conveying equipment.

Finish Grinding and Distribution The black, nodular clinker is stored on site in silos or clinker domes until needed forcement production. Clinker, gypsum, and other process additions are ground together in ball mills to form the final cement products. Fineness of the final products, amount of gypsum added, and the amount of process additions added are all varied to develop a desired performance in each of the final cement products. Each cement product is stored in an individual bulk silo until needed by the customer. Bulk cement can be distributed in bulk by truck, rail, or water depending on the customer's needs. Cement can also be packaged with or without color addition and distributed by truck or rail.

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PROCESS FLOW SHEET

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SIMPLE BLOCK DIAGRAM

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DEMAND & SUPPLY The demand drivers for the cement sector continue to be housing, infrastructure and commercial construction, etc. We expect the proportion of infrastructure in total demand to improve further in future, as the thrust on infrastructure development is on the rise. During April-November 2007, cement demand grew by 10 per cent year-on-year (y-o-y) propelled by the growth witnessed in end segments such as housing, infrastructure etc. CRISIL Research expects demand to remain strong and grow by over 12 per cent in the next 2 years. Cement demand is expected to outstrip supply for the next year and a half as no major capacities are coming on-stream, thus providing enough flexibility to cement manufacturers to further hike the prices. Today, cement from Andhra is going all over India, including Assam, Meghalaya, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chattisgarh, Gujarat and Maharashtra. More cement is likely to flow into Tamil Nadu from the state in view of cut in sales tax. Any further increase in demand in the South India will benefit the cement industry here. Cement movement from Gujarat to Mumbai is also coming down due to exports while cement movement from Orissa into Andhra has stopped and, in fact, cement is flowing into Orissa as well. Earlier in 2006-07, the housing sector alone consumed 65 per cent of the total domestic consumption. With the launch of several infrastructure projects, the housing consumption may come down to 55 per cent as the infrastructure and other sectors are expected to move up to 45 per cent from the present 35 per cent. Still, the main sector of consumption continues to be housing, including commercial space, occupying more than 60 per cent. The current demand in the state for 2005-06 is expected to cross 15 million tons (11.5 million tons). We expect the demand here to go past the 17.5million mark in 2006-07 in view of irrigation and infrastructure projects being taken up in the state. Weaker sections’ housing, construction of public toilets, schools in rural areas apart from several private and public infrastructure projects will also give tremendous boost to the cement consumption in the state. Most importantly, irrigation projects, worth nearly Rs 1lakh crore, will trigger unprecedented demand for the next 5-7 years. Cement consumptions are as follows:

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DEMAND DRIVERS Indian cement demand skewed towards housing The demand from the housing sector is ~53% of the total Indian cement demand

There are fears of a slowdown in the demand from the housing sector due to a drop in real estate prices in the country. The worry is that builders may postpone construction of new buildings if the property prices were to correct. Infrastructure to give demand a big boost Our analysis shows that Infrastructure should be the biggest growth driver forcement demand in the country. If we were to look only at order books of the topeight construction and manufacturing equipment companies in India, we find thattheir combined order book has virtually doubled over the last two years fromINR1,000bn (USD25bn) to INR1,950bn (USD48.75bn) for completion over the next 24-30 months.

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COST Over the past five years, cost of cement production has grown at a CAGR of 8.4%.Also, the producers have been able to on the hike in cost to consumers on the back of increased demand. Average realizations have increased from Rs. 1,880 per tonne in FY 03 to Rs. 3,133 per tons in FY 07, at a CAGR of 13.6%, which has beenreflected in higher profit margins of the industry. To reduce the cost of production, the industry has focused on captive power generation. Proportion of cement production through captive power route has increased over the years. Also, cement movement by rail has increased over the years. Freight and energy costs are also increasing; however, in the current market scenario, manufacturers have the flexibility to on the increase in costs to end-consumers. Let us have a look at the cost factors affecting the cement industry

Capacity Utilization: Since the industry operates on fixed cost, higher the capacity sold, the wider the cost distributed on the same base. But one should also keep in mind, that there have been instances wherein despite a healthy capacity utilization, margins have fallen due to lower realizations.

Power: The cement industry is energy intensive in nature and thus power costs form the most critical cost component in cement manufacturing (about 30% to total expenses). Most of the companies resort to captive power plants in order to reduce power costs, as this source is cheaper and results in uninterrupted supply of power. Therefore, higher the captive power consumption of the company, the better it is for thecompany.

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REQUIREMENTS Coal The consumption of coal in a typically dry process system ranges from 20-25% of clinker production. This means for per ton clinker produced 0.20-0.25 ton of coal is consumed. This contributes 35-40% of the production cost. The cement industry consumes about 10mn tons of coal annually. Since coalfields like BCCL supply a poor quality of coal, NCL and CCL the industry has to blend high-grade coal with it. The Indian coal has a low calorific value (3,500-4,000 kcal/kg) with ash content as high as 25-30% compared to imported coal of high calorific value (7,000-8,000kcal/kg) with low ash content 6-7%. Lignite is also used as a fuel by blending it with coal. However this process is not very common.

Electricity Cement industry consumes about 5.5bn units of electricity annually while one ton of cement approximately requires 120-130 units of electricity. Power tariffs vary according to the location of the plant and on the production process. The state governments supply this input and hence plants in different states shall have different power tariffs. Another major hindrance to the industry is severe power cuts. Most of the cement producing states like AP, MP experience power cuts to the tune of 25-30% every year causing substantial production loss.

Infrastructure To reduce uncertainty relating to power, most of the leading companies like ACC, Indian Rayon, and Grasim rely on captive power plants. A few companies are also considering power-generating windmills.

Limestone This constitutes the largest bulk in of input to cement. For producing one ton of cement, approximately 1.6 ton of limestone is required. Therefore, the cement plant location is determined by the location of limestone mines. The major cash out flow takes place in way of royalty payment to the central government and cess on royalties levied by the state government. The total limestone deposit in the country is estimated to be 90 billion tons. AP has the largest share -- 34%,Karnataka 13%, Gujarat 13%, M.P 8%, and Rajasthan 6.5%. The plants near the limestone deposit pay less transportation cost than others.

Transportation Cement is mostly packed in paper bags now. It is then transported either by rail or road. Road transportation beyond 200 kms is not economical therefore about 55% cement is being moved by the railways. There is also the problem of inadequate availability of wagons especially on western railways and southeastern railways. Under this scenario, manufacturers are looking for sea routes, this being not only cheap but also reducing the losses in transit. Today, 70% of the cement movement worldwide is by sea compared to 1% in India.

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Infrastructure for Future The consumption of cement is determined by factors influencing the level of housing and industrial construction, irrigation projects, and roads and laying of water supply and drainage pipes etc. The level and growth of GDP and its sectoral composition, capital formation, development expenditure, growth in population, level of urbanization, etc, in turn, determine these factors. But the domestic demand for cement is mainly from the housing activities and infrastructure development. The government paved the way for the entry of the private sector in road projects. It has amended the National Highway Act to allow private toll collection and identified projects, bridges, expressways and big es for private construction. The budget gave substantial incentives to private sector construction companies. Ongoing liberalization will lead to an increase in industrial activities and infrastructure development. So it is hoped that Indian cement industry shall boom again in near future.

Incentives in States Most state governments, in order to attract investments in their respective states, offer fiscal incentives in the form of sales tax exemptions/deferrals. In some states, this applies only to intrastate sales, like Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. States like Haryana offer a freeze on power tariff for 5 years, while Gujarat offers exemption from electric duty.

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PLANTS UltraTech Cement Limited has 12 integrated plants, 1 white cement plant, 11 grinding units in India and 1 clinkerization plant in UAE, 15 grinding units( 11 in India, 2 in UAE, 1 each in Bahrain and Bangladesh)and 6 bulk terminals (5 in India and 1 in Sri Lanka). As part of the seventh biggest cement manufacturer in the world, UltraTech Cement has eleven integrated plants, one white cement plant, one clinkerisation plant in UAE, 15 grinding units – 11 in India, 2 in UAE, one in Bahrain and Bangladesh each and five terminals — four in India and one in Sri Lanka. These facilities gradually came up over the years, as indicated below: 2011 :: UltraTech Cement Middle East Investments Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company has acquired management control of ETA Star Cement together with its operations in the UAE, Bahrain and Bangladesh The cement business of Grasim demerged and vested in Samruddhi Cement Limited in May, 2010. Subsequently, Samruddhi Cement Limited amalgamated with UltraTech Cement Limited in July 2010. 2006 :: Narmada Cement Company Limited amalgamated with UltraTech pursuant to a Scheme of Amalgamation being approved by the Board for Industrial & Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in of the provision of Sick Industrial Companies Act (Special Provisions) 2004 :: Completion of the implementation process to demerge the cement business of L&T and completion of open offer by Grasim, with the latter acquiring controlling stake in the newly formed company UltraTech 2003 :: The board of Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T) decides to demerge its cement business into a separate cement company (CemCo). Grasim decides to acquire an 8.5 per cent equity stake from L&T and then make an open offer for 30 per cent of the equity of CemCo, to acquire management control of the company. 2002 :: The Grasim Board approves an open offer for purchase of up to 20 per cent of the equity shares of Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T), in accordance with the provisions and guidelines issued as per Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Regulations, 1997. Grasim increases its stake in L&T to 14.15 per cent Arakkonam grinding unit 2001 :: Grasim acquires 10 per cent stake in L&T. Subsequently increases stake to 15.3 per cent by October 2002 Durgapur grinding unit 1998-2000 :: Bulk cement terminals at Mangalore, Navi Mumbai and Colombo 1999 :: Narmada Cement Company Limited acquired Ratnagiri Cement Works 1998 :: Gujarat Cement Works Plant II Andhra Pradesh Cement Works 1996 :: Gujarat Cement Works Plant I

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1994 :: Hirmi Cement Works 1993 :: Jharsuguda grinding unit 1987 :: Awarpur Cement Works Plant II 1983 :: Awarpur Cement Works Plant I

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SUGGESTION On the basis of above study carried out by me,the following suggestions are submitted: To increase the sales of Ultratech Cement in such area there is a need of time to time demo program, seminars & meetings.  There is a need of more promotional activities specially in sub dealer and outside Bhagalpur area.  Time to time offers should be provided to the customer from the Ultratech company.  Need to available all the construction parts, material and tools our distributor office.  Ultratech Company should change the colour of PSC bags.  The company must improve its supply so as the demand for the cement can easily be met.  It must target the rural markets as they are providing a good marketing opportunity these days.

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References/Bibliography  http://www.ultratechcement.com  http://in.reuters.com/  http://bilumi.org/Main/?gclid=CIub5da1z6QCFVJB6woddHPrEA  http://www.adityabirla.com/social_projects/overview.htm