Recent Developments In Mis p1i1y

Unit 1 MIS Shilpi Mahajan MAIMS

Recent Developments in MIS 1. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) ERP integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/ing, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems can run on a variety of hardware and network configurations, typically employing a database as a repository for information. ERP systems typically include the following characteristics:    

An integrated system that operates in real time (or next to real time), without relying on periodic updates. A common database, which s all applications. A consistent look and feel throughout each module. Installation of the system without elaborate application/data integration by the Information Technology (IT) department.

2. Customer relationship management (CRM) CRM is a widely-implemented strategy for managing a company’s interactions with customers, clients and sales prospects. It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes—principally sales activities, but also those for marketing, customer service, and technical . The overall goals are:    

to find, attract, and win new clients, nurture and retain those the company already has, entice former clients back into the fold Reduce the costs of marketing and client service.

Customer relationship management describes a company-wide business strategy including customer-interface departments as well as other departments.

3. Enterprise management (EFM) EFM is a system of processes and software that enables organizations to centrally manage deployment of surveys while dispersing authoring and analysis throughout an organization. EFM systems typically provide different roles and permission levels for different types of s, such as novice survey authors, professional survey authors, survey reporters and translators. EFM can help an organization establish a dialogue with employees, partners, and customers regarding key issues and concerns and potentially make customer specific real time interventions. EFM consists of data collection, analysis and reporting. Prior to EFM, survey software was typically deployed in departments and lacked roles, permissions and workflow. EFM enables deployment across the enterprise, providing decision makers with important data for increasing customer satisfaction, loyalty and lifetime value. EFM enables companies to look at customers "holistically" and to better respond to customer needs. EFM applications complex survey design, with features such as question and page rotation, quota management and advanced skip patterns and branching. The software typically offers advanced reporting with stastical analysis and centralized management. EFM applications are often integrated with external platforms, most typically with CRM systems but also with HRIS systems and generic web portals. 4. E-procurement Electronic procurment sometimes also known as supplier exchange, is the business to business or business to customers or business to government purchase and sale of supplies, Work and services through the internet as well as other information and networking systems, such as ERP. E-procurement is done with a software application that includes features for supplier management and complex auctions. The new generation of E-Procurement is now on-demand or a software-as-a-service. There are seven main types of e-procurement: 

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Web-based ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Creating and approving purchasing requisitions, placing purchase orders and receiving goods and services by using a software system based on Internet technology. e-MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul): The same as web-based ERP except that the goods and services ordered are non-product related MRO supplies. e-sourcing: Identifying new suppliers for a specific category of purchasing requirements using Internet technology. e-tendering: Sending requests for information and prices to suppliers and receiving the responses of suppliers using Internet technology. May or may not involve e-auctions.

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e-reverse auctioning: Using Internet technology to buy goods and services from a number of known or unknown suppliers. e-informing: Gathering and distributing purchasing information both from and to internal and external parties using Internet technology. e-marketsites: Expands on Web-based ERP to open up value chains. Buying communities can access preferred suppliers' products and services, add to shopping carts, create requisition, seek approval, receipt purchase orders and process electronic invoices with integration to suppliers' supply chains and buyers' financial systems.

5. Supply chain management SCM is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996). Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally." Supply chain management is the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole (Mentzer et al., 2001).

6. Data mining A relatively young and interdisciplinary field of computer Science. It is the process of discovering new patterns from large data sets involving methods from statistics and artificial intelligence but also database management. In contrast to for example machine learning, the emphasis lies on the discovery of previously unknown patterns as opposed to generalizing known patterns to new data. The term is a buzzword, and is frequently misused to mean any form of large scale data or information processing (collection, extraction, warehousing, analysis and statistics) but also generalized to any kind of computer system system including artificial intelligence. The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data in order to extract previously unknown interesting patterns such as groups of data records (cluster analysis), unusual records (anomaly detection) and dependencies. For example, the data mining step might identify multiple groups in the data, which can then be used to obtain more accurate prediction results by a decision system. Neither the data collection, data preparation or result interpretation and reporting are part of the data mining step, but do belong to the overall data mining process as additional steps.

7. Data Warehousing

In computing, a data warehouse (DW) is a database used for reporting and analysis. The data stored in the warehouse is ed from the operational systems. The data may through an operational data store for additional operations before it is used in the DW for reporting. A data warehouse maintains its functions in three layers: staging, integration, and access. Staging is used to store raw data for use by developers. The integration layer is used to integrate data and to have a level of abstraction from s. The access layer is for getting data out for s. This definition of the data warehouse focuses on data storage. The main source of the data is cleaned, transformed, catalogued and made available for use by managers and other business professionals for data mining, online analytical processing, market research and decision (Marakas & O'Brien 2009). However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system. 8. Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, eCommerce or e-comm, refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. However, the term may refer to more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic fund transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the world wide web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encom a wider range of technologies such ase-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well. A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely in electronic form for virtual items such as access to content on a website, but mostly electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way.