Reported Speech 453e5y

Reported Speech

Uso • O Reported Speech serve para deixar as frases de um narrador na terceira pessoa. Por exemplo: • Discurso direto: Carlos disse: “Amanhã viajarei para São Paulo”. • Discurso indireto (reported speech): Carlos disse que viajaria amanhã para São Paulo.

Em inglês... • Direct speech: Carlos said: “Tomorrow I’ll travel to São Paulo”.

• Reported speech: Carlos said that he would travel to São Paulo.

• That (o que) pode ser ocultado. • Para relatar uma frase que foi dita por alguém no ado, usamos um verbo introdutório. • Note que os tempos verbais mudaram para o ado.

Say x Tell • São os verbos mais comuns que introduzem o discurso indireto (reporting verbs / verbos introdutórios). • He told her he was feeling sick. • He said he had been under pressure. • He said he was hungry.

• Se você disser com quem está falando, use tell. Megan told Karina that she studied hard. • Caso contrário, use say. Megan said she studied hard.

• Se você quiser mencionar com quem está falando e estiver usando o verbo say, deverá acrescentar to. • • • •

He said to Ana... He said to me... He said to them... He said to the boss...

• Ao relatar o que alguém disse, no discurso indireto, há também mudanças em outros componentes da sentença, tais como o tempo verbal, o advérbio e, às vezes, o pronome.

Veja as mudanças mais frequentes: • She said: “I live in San Francisco”. • She said that she lived in San Francisco.

• He said: “She works with me”. • He said that she worked with him. Simple Present – Simple Past

• She said: “I moved here in September. • She said that she had moved there in September. Simple Past – Past Perfect

• She said: “I’m living in the dorms”. • She said that she was living in the dorms.

• He said: “She is working with me”. • He said that she was working with him. Present Continuous – Past Continuous

• She said: “I’ve just started school”. • She said that she had just started school.

Present Perfect – Past Perfect

• She said: “I’ve been feeling homesick”. • She said that she had been feeling homesick.

Present Perfect Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous

• She said: “I’ll stay here for about four weeks”. • She said that she would stay there for about four weeks. Simple Future - Conditional

Modal Verbs • She said: “I may be able to graduate in three and a half years”. • She said that she might be able to graduatein three and a half years. • She said: “I have to try and do my best always. • She said that she had to try and do her best always.

• She said: “I must call home as often as I can”. • She said that she had to call home as often as she could. • She said: “I can dance this song”. • She said that she could dance that song.

• She said: “I ought to take some extracurricular courses”. • She said that she ought to take some extracurricular courses. • She said: “I should purchase a second-hand computer”. • She said that she should purchase a secondhand computer.

Importante ressaltar... • Se o verbo introdutório do que está sendo relatado estiver no presente, no futuro simples, ou no presente perfeito não há mudanças no tempo verbal do discurso indireto. • He says: “I love you”. • He says that he loves you. • She will say: “I talk to her every day”. • She will say that she talks to her every day. • He has said: “She is my friend”. • He has said that she is his friend.

Situações em que a mudança do tempo verbal é opcional • Quando relatamos algo que acabou de ser dito. • Mary: I’m freaking out! • Carl: What did you say? • Mary: I said that I’m freaking out! (I said that I was freaking out!)

• Quando relatamos algo que ainda é verdadeiro. • The manager said the paycheck is in the mail. • The manager said the paycheck was in the mail.

• Quando relatamos uma verdade universal ou lei científica. • Teacher told his students that the water boils at 100° Celsius. • Teacher told his students that water boiled at 100° Celsius.

Atenção para modificações... • Se na frase houver as palavras this / that / these / those, e tiverem sendo usados como pronomes, devem ser substituídos por it ou them: • - Joe said: “I built that”. (Joe disse: “Eu construí aquilo”.)

• - Joe said that he had buit it.

• Outras palavras ou expressões também devem ser alteradas para que a frase fique correta: here this afternoon next day last day ago today

there that afternoon the next day the day before, the following day before that day

Exemplos... • - Mary said: “I will stay here, waiting for you”. • - Mary said that she would stay there, waiting for him.

• OBS.: Nesse exemplo, podemos trocar ou não o you por him. Caso o ouvinte da frase seja a pessoa a qual Mary esperou, continua you.

• Pronomes Pessoais, Pronomes Objetivos, Pronomes e Adjetivos Possessivos devem ser trocados de acordo com o contexto da frase: • "I will call my father", said Angela. • Angela said she would call her father.

Reported Commands

Affirmative commands • Father: “Do your homework.” • Father told me to do my homework.

Negative commands • Teacher. “Don't talk to your neighbour.” • The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour. Se a ordem ou pedido for para não fazer algo, observe que a negativa é feita colocando-se not antes do infinitivo.

Should, could, must, might e would • Não mudam de forma. • She said: “I could go”. • She said that she could go. • She told Mike: “You should go to the doctor”. • She told Mike that he should go to the doctor.

Reported questions

• Quando se relata uma pergunta, coloca-se a frase na forma afirmativa fazendo as devidas alterações. • Geralmente, o verbo que introduz o reported speech é ask.

Yes / No - questions • Peter: “Do you play football?” • Peter asked me if/weather I played football. • Lisa asked: “Has the school bus come yet?” • Lisa asked him if/weather the school bus had come.

WH - questions • Peter: "When do you play football?" • Peter asked me when I played football. • Lisa: “What do you see?” • Lisa asked me what I saw.

Reporting Verbs • Existem outros verbos além de say e tell para introduzir o discurso indireto. • I explained (to John) that it was OK. • He reminded me that I had na appointment at three.

• He said: “Let’s take her to the party?” • He suggested that we shoud take her to the party.

Vamos treinar um pouco?

Que tal armos do discurso direto para o indireto? • He said: “I go to the Lisa’s party tomorrow”. • She said: “I can sing Brazil’s songs”. • He said: “I must be honest to Carl”. • Tina said: “I live in London”.

• He told me: “I work with Lisa”. • She told Ana: “I love my pets”. • He told you: “I fixed my bike”.

• She told her mom: “I don’t want to go to school”.

• She said: “I’m reading this book”. • He told me: “I’ve made this for you”. • I said: “I’ll travel to California”. • Tony told her: “I’ve been playing guitar”.

• Don’t do this! • Do exercise every day! • Go to the gym. • Pay attention!

• She asked: “Do you want cheese for breakfast?” • He asked me: “Why do you talk too loud?” • I asked you: “What do you learn?”

• She said: “I have to go out of here”. • He said: “I must cut the grass”. • She said: “I have to run”. • He said: “I shoud call your mother”.

Bons estudos!