Rubber Dam 5g495x

RUBBER DAM GUIDE SANKARANARAYANAN K M.

ASST. PROFESSOR DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY

ZEETH K V ROLL NO: 7 S1 M.TECH SE DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Contents 

What is rubber dam

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Selection of a Rubber dam site

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Construction of Rubber dam

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Operation mechanism(Automatic control mechanism)

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Types of damages and repairing techniques

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Analysis

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New types of rubber dams

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Rubber Dam Applications

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Future plan of work in India

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Why Rubber Dam ? India’s per capita water storage

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Better control of flood and draught.

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Increase of per capita water storage capacity and water use efficiency

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Easy installation

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Lower investment cost ( about 40%) than the conventional gated regulating structure

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Ground re-charging

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Other purposes: irrigation, water supply, power generation, tidal barrier ,environmental improvement.

What is rubber dam?

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 Basically rubber dams are fabric reinforced rubber bags, which can be inflated or deflated by water or air. The fabric gives the necessary strength where as rubber acts as a shock absorber and water proofing material.  It function as a reliable crest-adjustable water gate.  Construction of Rubber dam 1.

Concrete base slab & side walls

2.

Anchorage

3.

Dam bag /Membrane

4.

Water or air filling & draining system/Control system

Selection of a suitable dam site:

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In the site selection following conditions should be considered:  Straight section  Smooth Flow

 Riverbed and Bank slopes are stable.  Geological  Hydrologic  Meteorological  hydraulic conditions It is better to carry out the construction of civil works related to the rubber dam in a dry season

Rubber dam section:

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Rubber dam

Concrete structure Anchoring

This figure shows how rubber body is secured to a concrete foundation by its anchor line.

Construction of Rubber dam: Concrete Base Slab: 

Concrete slab is provided as a base for rubber construction.

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The side walls of the dam should be vertical or inclined

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Anchorage:

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Dams are secured to the concrete foundations using a single or dual core clamping plates

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Plates are clamped to the membrane using anchor bolts

9 Use single anchor in Air-filled rubber dam to avoid the between base slab and filled air

Use double anchors in Water-filled rubber dam to handle the additional pressure and weight of filled water

Dam bag /Membrane:

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 The rubber dam body is a membrane of rubberized fabric, which is composed of layers of synthetic rubber and layers of synthetic fiber reinforcement that are firmly bonded together by vulcanization.  Physical-mechanical properties of the dam membrane are given by 1.

tensile strength

2.

elasticity and flexibility

3.

ozone-resistance

4.

abrasion-resistance

5.

weather-resistance

6.

specific life strength

7.

high-temperature and low-temperature resistance

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Operation mechanisms: 

Inflation: An air blower or water pump and ancillary devices such as valves are used to inflate the air or water filled dam respectively.

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Deflation: There are three types of deflation systems: bucket, float, and electrical.

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Safety systems: An air blow-off tank(air-filled dam) and siphon pipe(water-filled dam) can be used as a safety device in case principal deflation mechanism fails

Inflation Procedure  Inspect the upstream side, ensuring that neither people nor property will be adversely affected by raising the upstream water level.  Remove debris (especially sharp objects) adjacent to the rubber dam  Close the air exhaust valve.  Open the air supply valve  Start the air compressor.  Monitor the air pressure gauge while inflating the dam

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Deflation Procedure  Inspect the downstream side, ensuring that neither people nor property will be adversely affected by raising the downstream water level  Make sure the downstream side of the dam foundation is free of sharp objects and other obstructions that may damage the dam body during deflation  Open the drainpipe to drain the condensed water  Open the air exhaust valve to deflate the dam.

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Inflation/Deflation time  The inner volume of the dam body  The external pressure acting on the dam body  The capacity of the air compressor or water pump.

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Automatic control mechanism:

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A pressure sensor is used to monitor the inner pressure of the dam body.

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The inlet of air/water to the dam body is cut off automatically when inner pressure reaches the preset level.

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A laser height measuring device can be installed inside the dam body.

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A sensor monitors water level. The exhaust valve is opened automatically as deflation level is reached.

Inflation and deflation of a rubber Dam:

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Bridgestone Inflatable /Deflated Dam on Susquehanna River at Sunbury, Pennsylvania

Demo video

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Characteristics: Water filled rubber dam: Advantages 

The weight of the water-filled dam prevents vibrations.

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The entire height of the dam rises or lowers evenly.

Weaknesses 

More expensive construction: a wider concrete sill, more expensive water pumps, more expensive pipelines due to a bigger diameter of pipes.

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Manipulation takes more time (filling up and emptying the weir).

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Freezing of the weir (the possibility of water freezing in the system).

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19 Air filled rubber dam: Advantages 

Faster lowering and raising of the weir.

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Cheaper construction.

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Lower power consumption.

Weaknesses 

Vibrations of the weir.

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Uneven emptying of the weir (sinking of the Centre of the weir).

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Vandalism (puncturing, cutting).

Reducing vibration and abrasion: Measures to reduce vibration

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Fin structure

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Semi-circle shape

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Double-line anchoring

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Hose Spacers

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Types of damages and repairing technique Small Puncture (Bullet hole)  Remove the object that causes the puncture from the dam body  Insert sealing plug into the puncture hole.  Test for air leakage by spreading soapy water over the repaired area. The repair is successful if no bubbles appear  Cut off the end of the sealing plug.

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Surface Damage  Cut off the outer surface of the damaged area.  Fill self-vulcanizing rubber into the damaged area after cleaning and drying.  Smooth outer surface by removing protruding rubber materials.

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Small-Area Damage

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 Cut off the outer rubber around the damaged area at approximately 45°.  Buff the cut surface, then clean and dry it.  Apply cement two times to the cut surface, the second coat applied after the first coat has dried.  Apply cement to a piece or several pieces of filler rubber and then patch the filler rubber onto the cut surface after the cement has dried.  Apply cement to a piece of reinforced fabric and patch it onto the filler rubber after the cement dries.

Large-Area Damage

 Follow Small-Area damage repairing technique

Patch the inner side of the damaged area with a piece of reinforced fabric.

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Analysis of Inflatable Dams using Dynamic Relaxation method

Fext – Fin = M v* + D v

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Discharge Calculation Discharge operation  Normal water retaining  Slow dam fall  Complete dam fall

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Use of a rubber dam in Hydro Power Plant: 27

Power of a hydroelectric power plant depends also on the speed of the river and that the power expressed in percentage increases more at the rivers where the fall is smaller. The percentage of the increase of the power is calculated in the following way:

%P = the percentage of the increase of power in a hydroelectric plant h2 = the height of the increase of the fall in a hydroelectric power plant h1 = the initial height of the fall in a hydroelectric power plant

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Rubber Dams:

Tin Shui Wai Rubber Dam Hong Kong

Rubber weirs at the river Sava in Kranj

SAVATECH

Janjhavathi Rubber Dam (India) irrigates 24,000 acres

New types of rubber dams:

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

Rubber dam with inspection gallery: Some large dams of Bridgestone and Sumitomo have an inspection gallery . An access door and air-lock system are provided to allow entry into the dam when its in the inflated mode.

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Rubber dams with different deflation modes: New types can deflate in both the upstream and downstream directions according to the direction of flow or deflate directly onto the foundation.

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Innovative fish-way: The rubber dam can be incorporated into a fish-way.

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Rubber dam: New hope for farmers?

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Impact of Rubber Dam on crop productivity of summer vegetables at Baghamari,Orissa.

S.NO.

1.

Productivity(t/ha) Before Installation of Rubber Dam(2009)

After installation of Rubber Dam (2010 )

2.873

4.67

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION PROJECT

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Rubber Dam Applications:

HYDRO POWER Project: Rainbow Dam Country: USA Size: 3.66Hx67.7L

GROUND RECHARGING Project : Alameda Country : USA Size : 3.96Hx88.8L

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WATER SUPPLY Project : Gubeng Dam Country : Indonesia Size : 2.85Hx12.0L

TIDAL BARRIER Project : Naruse River Country : Japan Size : 2.3Hx42.1L

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Rubber Dam Applications Purpose

Dam/Project Name

Country

Height (m)

Width (m)

Groundwater recharge

Sonoma Dam

USA

3.3

36.9

Hydropower

Glenford dam

Canada

1.7

74.7

Irrigation

Lamchi Muang Ling Dam

Thailand

4

73

Increasing reservoir capacity

Mirani Weir

Australia

1.8

107.3

Navigation

Tsudae Dam

Japan

1.5

20

Recreation

Shin Chon Dam

Korea

1.5

50.65

Rehabilitation

Vaca Dam

Philippines

2.0

13.3

Drinking water

Altoona Dam

USA

1.53

35.7

Flow control (sewerage)

Ichioka Sewerage Plant

Japan

1.1

6.5

Flood control

Shing Chu River Dam

Taiwan, China

1.6

8

Tidal barrier

Naruse River

Japan

2.3

42.1

Future plan of work in India:

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Gujarat's first rubber dam to be built over Tapi at Rundh. Source: The times of India, Surat.

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Expert team inspects site for rubber dam in Pampa River. Source: The Hindu Kerala.

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First rubber dam in India is being built in Andhra Pradesh, over the Janjhavathi river in Vizianagaram district.

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SEVERAL STATES including Jharkhand and West Bengal, have shown interest in rubber dams. Jharkhand Water Resources Department officials said that they have approached Hydroconstruct to build a dam. Source: Tehelka.com

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Installation and evaluation of Rubber Dams at various watersheds at Bhubaneshwar, Orissa.

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The steel industrial kerala limited a public sector company, has entered into an agreement with an australian firm(hydro construct) for the construction of rubber dams in kerala. Source: The times of India, Thiruvananthapuram.

Conclusion:

A flexible way to manage water? Hi-tech Rubber dams could be the answer.

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References:

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

P. Roy Choudhury, S. K. Chakraborty, Manasi Nath, “Rubber Dam a novel

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approach for control of water flow in watershed management for agricultural growth of India” published in Rubber India, vol LX, No 8, pg 49, August 2008

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http://www.hydroconstruct.at/

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Bridgestone Corporation. 1997. Rubber dam: inflatable rubber weir. Tokyo, Japan.

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P. Roy Choudhury, Manasi Nath, Bhagabat Bhuyan “ Design and Development of Rubber Dam – a farmer friendly Rubber reservoir”, published in Rubber Chem Review, vol XXXVII No 6, pg 29, July- August 2008.



X Q Zhang, P W.M Tam, W Zheng ,Construction, operation and maintenance of rubber dams , Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Volume 29, Number 3, June 2002.



Karl-Heinz John, Michael Tiegelkamp, IEC 61131-3:Programming Industrial Automation Systems, Springer.

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Thank You