Saadat Hasan Manto 1z53b

Saadat Hasan Manto Saadat Hasan Manto (/mɑːn, -tɒ/; Urdu: ‫دت‬ , pronounced [sa'ādat 'hasan 'maṅṭō]; 11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955) was a Pakistani writer, playwright and author considered among the greatest writers of short stories in South Asian history. He produced 22 collections of short stories, 1 novel, 5 series of radio plays, 3 collections of essays, 2 collections of personal sketches[1] and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics.

issues, from local to global are revealed in his series, Letters to Uncle Sam, and those to Pandit Nehru.[3] On his writing he often commented, “If you find my stories dirty, the society you are living in is dirty. With my stories, I only expose the truth”.[12]

2 Biography

Manto was tried for obscenity six times; thrice before 1947 in British India, and thrice after independence in 2.1 Early life and education 1947 in Pakistan, but never convicted.[2] Saadat Hassan Manto was born in Paproudi village of Samrala, in the Ludhiana district of the Punjab in a Muslim family of barristers on 11 May 1912.[13][14]

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Writings

The big turning point in his life came in 1933, at age 21,[15] when he met Abdul Bari Alig, a scholar and Manto chronicled the chaos that prevailed, during and polemic writer, in Amritsar.Abdul Bari Alig encouraged after the Partition of India in 1947.[3][4] He started his him to find his true talents and read Russian and French literary career translating work of literary giants, such authors.[16] as Victor Hugo, Oscar Wilde and Russian writers such as Chekhov and Gorky. His first story was “Tamasha”, based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar.[5] 2.2 Early career Though his earlier works, influenced by the progressive [4][6] writers of his times, showed a marked leftist and socialist leanings, his later work progressively became stark Within a matter of months Manto produced an Urdu in portraying the darkness of the human psyche, as hu- translation of Victor Hugo’s The Last Day of a Conmanist values progressively declined around the Parti- demned Man, which was published by Urdu Book Stall, [17] tion. His final works, which grew from the social climate Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer (A Prisoner’s Story). Soon afterwards he ed the editorial staff of Masawat, and his own financial struggles, reflected an innate sense [18] of human impotency towards darkness and contained a a daily published from Ludhiana satirism that verged on dark comedy, as seen in his final This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue work, Toba Tek Singh.[7] It not only showed the influence graduation at Aligarh Muslim University, which he of his own demons, but also that of the collective madness ed in February 1934, and soon got associated with that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life. To add to it, Indian Progressive Writers’ Association (IPWA). It was his numerous court cases and societal rebukes deepened here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new his cynical view of society, from which he felt isolated.[8] spurt in his writing. His second story, “Inqlaab Pasand”, No part of human existence remained untouched or taboo was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935.[5] for him, he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and Saadat Hasan Manto had accepted the job of writing for pimps alike, just as he highlighted the subversive sexual Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941. This proved slavery of the women of his times.[9] To many contem- to be his most productive period as in the next eighteen porary women writers, his language portrayed reality and months he published over four collections of radio plays, provided them with the dignity they long deserved.[10] Aao (Come), Manto ke Drame (Manto’s Dramas), Janaze He is still known for his scathing insight into human be- (Funerals) and Teen Auraten (Three women). He continhaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic ued to write short stories and his next short story collecnature of an enraged people, that stands out amidst the tion Dhuan (Smoke) was soon out followed by Manto ke brevity of his prose.[3] Afsane and his first collection of topical essays, Manto Saadat Hasan Manto is often compared with D. H. ke Mazamin. This period culminated with the publicaLawrence, partly because he wrote about taboos of Indo- tion of his mixed collection Afsane aur Dramey in 1943. Pakistani Society.[11] His concerns on the socio-political Meanwhile, due to a quarrel with the director of the All 1

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3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

India Radio, poet N. M. Rashid, he left his job and re- 2015, film director Sarmad Sultan Khoosat has made and turned to Bombay in July 1942 and again started working released a movie titled 'Manto' about his life.[25] with film industry. He entered his best phase in screenwriting giving films like Aatth Din, Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib, which was finally released in 3 Bibliography 1954.[2] Some of his short stories also came from this phase including Kaali Shalwar (1941), Dhuan (1941) and • Atish Paray (Nuggets of Fire) – 1936 Bu (1945), which was published in Qaumi Jang (Bombay) in February 1945. Another highlight of his second • Chugad phase in Bombay was the publication of a collection of his stories, Chugad, which also included the story 'Babu • Manto Ke Afsanay (Stories of Manto) – 1940 Gopinath'.[5] He stayed in Bombay until he moved to Pak• Dhuan (Smoke) – 1941 istan in January 1948 after the partition of India in 1947.

2.3

Migration to Pakistan

• Afsane Aur Dramay (Fiction and Drama) – 1943 • Lazzat-e-Sang-1948 (The Taste of Rock)

Manto and his family were among the millions of Muslims who left present-day India for the Muslim-majority nation of Pakistan .[19]

• Siyah Hashiye-1948 (Black Borders)

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• Khali Botlein (Empty Bottles) – 1950

Life in Lahore

When Manto arrived in Lahore from Bombay, he lived near and associated with several prominent intellectuals including Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Nasir Kazmi, Ahmad Rahi and Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi among others.They all used to gather at Lahore’s iconic Pak Tea House,witness to some of the most fiery literary debates and ionate political arguments back in 1948-49. Pak Tea House holds a special place in the memories of those who know about Lahore’s vibrant literary and cultural past. “There was absolutely no external influence and people would share their opinions on any subject without fear even during the military dictators’ regimes.”[20]

• Badshahat Ka Khatimah (The End of Kingship) – 1950

• Loud Speaker (Sketches) • Ganjey Farishtey (Sketches) • Manto ke Mazameen • Nimrud Ki Khudai (Nimrod The God) – 1950 • Thanda Gosht (Cold Meat) – 1950 • Yazid – 1951 • Pardey Ke Peechhey (Behind The Curtains) – 1953 • Sarak Ke Kinarey (By the Roadside) – 1953

2.5

Legacy

• Baghair Unwan Ke (Without a Title) – 1954

On 18 January 2005, the fiftieth anniversary of his death, Manto was commemorated on a Pakistani postage stamp.[21]

• Baghair Ijazit (Without Permission) – 1955

On August 14, 2012 which is Pakistan’s Independence Day, Saadat Hasan Manto was posthumously awarded Nishan-e-Imtiaz award (Distinguished Service to Pakistan Award) by the Government of Pakistan.[22]

• Phunduney (Tassles) – 1955

On January 18, 2005,Government of Pakistan issued a postage stamp honoring him.This postage stamp reads “Saadat Hasan Manto(1912-1955) Men of Letters”.[23] Manto must be the only Short Story writer whose life story became a subject of intense discussion and introspection.[24] During the past two decades many stage productions were done to present his character in conflict with the harsh socio-economic realities of post partition era. Danish Iqbal’s stage Play 'Ek Kutte Ki Kahani' is one such production which presented Manto in a new perspective on occasion of his birth centenary. Now in

• Burquey – 1955

• Sarkandon Ke Peechhey (Behind The Reeds) −1955 • Shaiytan (Satan) – 1955 • Shikari Auratein (Women of Prey) – 1955 • Ratti, Masha, Tolah-1956 • Kaali Shalwar (Black Pants) – 1961 • Manto Ki Behtareen Kahanian (Best Stories of Manto) – 1963 • Tahira Se Tahir (From Tahira to Tahir) – 1971

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Further reading • Manto Naama, by Jagdish hawan.1998, Roli Books.

• 'Mera Sahib' - Manto’s writing about Muhammad Ali Jinnah Chander Wad-

• Manto Naama: The Life of Saadat Hasan Manto, English translation of the above by Jai Ratan, 1998,Roli Books. • Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Alok Bhalla. 1997, Indian Institute of Advanced Study. ISBN 81-85952-48-5. • The Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto. Introduction by Leslie Flemming; trans. by Tahira Naqvi. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Ltd., 1985. • Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, by Leslie A. Flemming, Berkeley: Centre for South and South east Asian Studies. University of California. 1979. • Madness and Partition: The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, Stephen Alter, Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 14, Madness and Civilization/ alJunun wa al-Hadarah (1994), pp. 91–100. • Bitter Fruit: The Very Best of Saadat Hassan Manto, edited and tr. by Khalid Hassan, Penguin, 2008. • Naked Voices: Stories and Sketches by Manto, Ed. and tr. by Rakhshanda Jalil. Indian Ink & Roli Books, 2008. • Stars from Another Sky: The Bombay Film World of the 1940s, tr. by Khalid Hasan. Penguin India, 2000. • Manto: Selected Stories, tr. by Aatish Taseer. Vintage/Random House India, 2008. ISBN 81-8400144-4. • The Pity of Partition:Manto’s Life, Times, and Work across the India-Pakistan Divide. Ayesha Jalal. • Pinglay-Plumber, Prachi (January 12, 2015). “Manto Bridge : to Manto, Bombay was about its people”. Outlook 55 (1): 72–73. Retrieved 2016-01-06.

• 'First Letter to Uncle Sam' • 'Second Letter to Uncle Sam' • 'Third Letter to Uncle Sam'

6 References [1] Saadat Hassan Manto Author detail at penguinbooksindia. [2] Author Profile Saadat Hasan Manto Books at indiaclub. [3] Social and Political World-View of Saadat Hasan Manto kashmirsentinel, February 2003 Issue. [4] Saadat Hassan Manto Author Profile at boloji, Retrieved 12 August 2015 [5] Early Years Biography Sharad Dutt, BBC Hindi, Retrieved 12 August 2015 [6] ,Digital South Asia Library Mahfil. v 1, V. 1 ( 1963) p. 12., Retrieved 12 August 2015 [7] GREAT MINDS The Tribune, 19 March 2000. [8] Memories of Manto, Friday Times Khalid Hassan, 2002. [9] Seminar papers The Annual of Urdu Studies, Vol. 11, 1996. [10] He presented women as humans Nasira Sharma, BBC Hindi, 2005, 12 August 2015 [11] Rajendra Yadav quote BBC Hindi, 2005. [12] Manto on his writing BBC Hindi, 2005. [13] Leslie A. Flemming, Another Lonely Voice: The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto, Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California (1979), p. 2 [14] Abida Samiuddin, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature, Global Vision Publishing House (2007), p. 391 [15] The Quintessential Storyteller Khurram Ali Shafique. ZAMEEN, Jun–Jul 1999. [16] Pakistan Post, 2005, Retrieved 12 August 2015 [17] Manto, Saadat Hasan Author Profile at bookrags.

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Manto’s works online • 'Toba Tek Singh' in Urdu and English, plus essays with translation • 'Toba Tek Singh' in Hindi or • 'Thanda Gosht' (Cold Meat) in English • A collection of short stories in Hindi

[18] Author Profile Lekhal at abhivyakti-hindi. [19] Manto, Saadat Hasan. Ganjay Farishtay. p. 190., Retrieved 4 September 2015 [20] http://herald.dawn.com/news/1152781, Pak Tea House,19 March 2015, Herald-Dawn newspaper article, Retrieved 6 September 2015 [21] Bio details, Saadat Hassan Manto (1912–1955) Men of Letters, PakPost, Retrieved 12 August 2015

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[22] http://www.dawn.com/news/742068/ abida-parveen-aleem-dar-among-winners-posthumous-awards-for-manto-mehdi-hassan, Retrieved 12 August 2015 [23] http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2005/ saadat_manto.html,Pakistan Post Office, Retrieved 12 August 2015 [24] http://www.dawn.com/news/717682/ tributes-paid-to-manto, Tributes paid to Manto, Dawn newspaper, Karachi, published 11 May 2012, Retrieved 19 Jan 2016 [25] http://www.dawn.com/news/1205621, 'How Manto,the movie,came about', Dawn, Karachi newspaper- published 8 Sep 2015, Retrieved 19 Jan 2016

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External links • Saadat Hasan Manto at the Internet Movie Database, Retrieved 12 August 2015 • ing Manto on his 101st birth anniversary • Manto, After Fifty years; A tribute at BBC Hindi • Watch Video Play of Saadat Hasan Manto

EXTERNAL LINKS

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Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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Text

• Saadat Hasan Manto Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadat_Hasan_Manto?oldid=703332685 Contributors: Maximus Rex, Thue, Robbot, Katangoori, Sesel, Pgan002, Nograpes, Eklavya, Chmod007, Chem1, D6, Rich Farmbrough, R.123, Bender235, CanisRufus, Awais141, Gene Nygaard, Axeman89, Woohookitty, BernardM, Triddle, Kbdank71, Josh Parris, Rjwilmsi, Bhadani, Dinosaurdarrell, Hottentot, Gurubrahma, Wavelength, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Dialectric, Stallions2010, Szhaider, KGasso, Yazid97, SmackBot, Spasage, Gilliam, M.Imran, Chris the speller, TimBentley, Rama’s Arrow, OrphanBot, Ohconfucius, Wildtornado, Minna Sora no Shita, IronGargoyle, MarcAurel, Falcon007, Basicdesign, Mryawarabbas, Hebrides, Lugnuts, Thijs!bot, Daniel, Mereda, Foukhan, CharlotteWebb, Manosij.m, IndianGeneralist, Sidsahu, Wahabijaz, Znkp, Ekabhishek, PhilKnight, Edward321, Walter Breitzke, Misarxist, Ravichandar84, AgarwalSumeet, Macarrones, Jevansen, Nomi887, Webkami, TXiKiBoT, Pahari Sahib, Razzsic, Anlome, ImageRemovalBot, MenoBot, Istaara, Niceguyedc, Irfanets, Rao Ravindra, Howdoesitflee, SchreiberBike, Apparition11, Sanjayjamdade, Peasantwarrior, Ijaz13, XLinkBot, Jaffrisaab, Good Olfactory, Addbot, Sanyukta77, , Lightbot, NeyugnlB, Sipram, Yobot, TaBOT-zerem, Xqbot, Arslan-San, Sunwin1960, Fountainhead82, Omnipaedista, GorgeCustersSabre, Creative0o, FrescoBot, Lilaac, Full-date unlinking bot, Shahmukhi, Jugni, RjwilmsiBot, WildBot, J36miles, EmausBot, John of Reading, AlphaGamma1991, Ibbn, AvicBot, Lyk4, Mar4d, Wayne Slam, Captain Assassin!, Ad Orientem, Somethingisup, ClueBot NG, Denteuro, Fasi100, Widr, Terzarima, Dewaar, BG19bot, Shahzad.gohar, Michael Barera, Smmmaniruzzaman, Pseudofusulina, VIAFbot, Gol Misra Elementalist, Pink Blue Door, Faizan, Gopi Krishan Agrahari, Ngrewal1, Wamiq, Sarah Joy Jones, Saladin1987, Zaketo, Ramn 89, Adeel S. Ahmed, Ainseen, Amar Chaudhary, Asif Darjeeling, Strangez, Human10.0, Muhammedafzalp, KasparBot, Srednuas Lenoroc, CuriousPaaji, Ali Salman Andani, Wasiq 9320 and Anonymous: 112

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