Sectional Orthographic 456m6n
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SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
Why sectional Orthographic projections are used? I. To understand inner details of complex object: When the object is complex from inside, inside there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it will be difficult to understand the orthographic projections. Therefore, to understand the details of the complex object, object sectional orthographic Projections are used. II To understand the materials of object : II. If object is made of two or more materials, then it can be understood clearly by sectional orthographic projections.
‰ Orthographic projections of complex objects are drawn after imagining it as an object cut by an imaginary cutting plane/planes parallel to principal planes ing through the details of the object object. ‰ An imaginary plane by which the object is cut is known as cutting plane or section plane.
‰ Portion P ti off the th object bj t between b t cutting tti plane l
and observer is imagined g to be removed and then the object is viewed by the observer and projection is drawn. ‰ Projection P j ti off cutt object bj t is i known k as sectional view or sectional projection. p j
‰ Generally hidden lines are not drawn in sectional view. ‰ In sectional views, the Shape of the section, visible edges and contours of object behind the section plane are drawn. ‰When one view is drawn sectional, other views are drawn as if the object is not cut and the object exists as a whole whole.
‰ It means other views are not affected by taking section in one view, but Cutting plane line is shown in non sectioned view to locate the section plane and arrows are drawn to show the direction of sight. Cutting plane line ‰ Cutting
plane line is also known as line of
section or trace of the cutting plane.
‰ The portion of the object cut by cutting plane and
touching the cutting plane is shown by drawing hatching or section lines in them. ‰ Hatching or section lines are drawn thinner than object lines. ‰ Normally hatching or section lines are drawn at 45˚. ‰ Hatching lines are evenly spaced at about 2 to 3 mm apart.
observer Cutting plane or section plane Parallel to H.P. H.P
H t hi Hatching
Sectional T T.V. V
X ‰ Portion between observer and plane (Upper half portion)
F.V.
i imagined is i i d to t be b removed. d ‰ Sectioned portion will be as shown in fig. ‰ True shape of sectioned portion will be seen in T.V
Back
Various cutting planes or section planes ‰ Cutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane. ‰ Cutting C tti plane l P ll l to Parallel t Principal P i i l horizontal h i t l plane. ‰ Cutting plane Parallel to profile plane.
Cutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane Wh an object When bj t is i cutt by b a plane l parallel ll l to t Principal p vertical plane p then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed in F.V. ‰Section plane will ill be seen as a c cutting tting plane line in T.V.
Cutting plane line
T.V.
Sectional F.V.
Object
observer
Sectioned object
back
Vertical cutting plane
Sectional F.V.
Observer T.V.
observer Sectioned object
Back
C tti Cutting plane l P Parallel ll l to t Principal P i i l horizontal h i t l plane l When an object j is cut by y a plane p parallel p to Principal p horizontal plane then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed i T.V. in TV ‰Section p plane will be seen as a cutting g plane p line in F.V.
observer
Cutting plane line
Horizontal cutting plane
F.V.
Sectional T.V.
Sectioned object
C tti Cutting plane l P Parallel ll l to t profile fil plane l When an object j is cut by y a plane p parallel p to profile p plane then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed i side in id view. i ‰Section p plane will be seen as a cutting g plane p line in T.V.
A
A
X
Sectioned object
Cutting plane line
Sectional R.H.S.V
F.V.
A
X
A
Sectioned object
T.V.
Sectioning rule for machine elements like : Ribs, rivets, Ribs rivets webs webs, shafts shafts, pins pins, nuts nuts, bolts bolts, washers, keys and cotter. Whenever, the cutting plane is ing through above machine elements and if cutting plane contains the axis of above machine elements, then they are not sectioned.
However, when the cutting plane is cutting, Elements perpendicular to the axis of the Above Machine elements, section is taken and in the projection hatching lines are drawn. If cutting tti plane l does d nott include i l d axis i then th These elements are hatched hatched.
Sectioning of Rivets
CORRECT
WRONG
30 DEEP
F.V.
X
T.V.
30 DEEP
Sectional F.V.
X T.V.
F.V.
A
R=MO
C
O
T R
C
C M
C
P
F.V. A X
Sectional T.V.
R=MO O
M
Rib
Sectional L.H.S.V.
A C
C
A X
C
R
C
F.V.
RULES OF HATCHING: 1) Area A off a metal t l or a material, t i l cutt by b a section ti plane is shown by hatching lines in projection. It is executed by thin lines normally at an angle of 45˚ to the axis or to the main outlines of the sectional ti l area.
(2) If the axis of the boundary of section is at 45˚then 45 then the vertical or horizontal hatching lines are drawn. Axis at 45˚
Axis at 45˚
(3) Separate area of a section of a single component are hatched in the same manner. CLICK FOR EXAMPLE manner (4) Hatching lines on a second part, adjacent to the first are at an angle of 45˚ 45 but in the opposite direction. Hatching li lines on a thi third d partt adjacent dj t tto fifirstt ttwo are drawn at an angle of 30˚ or 60˚. Sometimes spacing or pitch of the hatching g lines is varied to separate p it from the adjacent parts.
Hatching g more than two adjacent j components p
C 45˚
hatched at 60˚
B A 45˚
(2)
D
hatched at 30˚ on D
(5) If hatching is required on a large section area, it is avoided. It is limited to a zone following the contour of the sectioned area required to be hatched. Large area
(6) If hatching is required on a very thin section area, it is avoided. Complete section is shown entirely black. Thin space is left between adjacent section of the same type.
((7)) As far as p possible avoid dimensioning g inside hatched area, but, if not possible, hatching lines may be interrupted for the dimensioning. (8) Hatched area can never have dashed or dotted boundary.
15
(2) Sectional Front view, Top view & L.H.S.V.,, usingg 3rd angle method of projections.
5 50
(1)Front view, Top view & L.H.S View, using 3rd angle method of projections.
15
Figure g shows isometric view of a machine component. Draw its
10
40 60
25 2
15
30
30
5
50
50
15
50
Top View
L.H.S.View
Front View
B
It will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
A
Retained R i d split li off the h machine parts
10
40 60
25
15
30
30
5
A
50
50
Top View A
B
L.H.S. View
Sectional Front View -AB
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component. D Draw i following its f ll i views i as per First angle method of projections (1) Front view from X direction. (2) Sectional top view-AA (3) L.H.S. View
20 0
20 0
60
A
A
X
20 0
Sketch shows the assumed cut model (retained part of the machine component / split against the observer) due to horizontal section plane ing through AB.
X
A
20 0
Ø20
Ø30, 7deep
A
A
20
60 6
A
120 F.V.
14
28
L.H.S.V.
A
Sectional T.V.T.V.-AA X
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components. Draw its following views, using 3rd angle method of projections. projections
φ30
B
(1) Front view from arrow X 60
(2) Top View
2 20
(3) Sectional R.H.S.V R H S V - AB
X
A
Retained split, will be nearer to V.P. V P in 1st angle method & against g the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
A
B
No hatching in this area as not contained in the section plane
Retained R i d split li off the h machine parts
A
B B
A
X
A
4 40
TV T.V.
20 20
9 90
60
F.V.
20
80
A
A
Full SEC. S C R.H.S.V
PROBLEM
Sketch, shows isometric view of a machine part. Draw its (1) Full Sectional F.V. (sectional F.V.) (2) T.V. (3) R.H.S.V. U Use thi d angle third l method th d off orthographic th hi pprojection. j Dimension the view as pper the align system.
Given Isometric view
A R30
R20
B
L=100, D=100 & H= 100
A
R20
B
A
A TOP VIEW
30
60
12
100
45
B
100 SEC. FRONT VIEW
B R.H.S. VIEW
PROBLEM - 1 The following figure shows the isometric view of a machine component Draw its 1)Fullll sectional 1)F ti lF Frontt view i (sectional F.V.) 2)Top view 3)L.H.S view Use First angle method of projections and di dimensioning i i using i aligned li d system t only l
R 25 Φ 25 ,10 deep
Ø25
R 25
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW -AB
10 45
12.5
45
L.H.S. VIEW -AB
60
TOP VIEW
Φ 25 70
20
60°
10
10 25
55
10
R 25
Ø25
L.H.S. VIEW
FRONT VIEW 60
45
12.5
45
10
TOP VIEW
Φ 25 70
20
60
10
10 1
25
55
10
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Aim:-Sketch Aim:Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part. Draw its following orthographic th hi views i using i third thi d angle l method of projections, giving dimensions. (1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA ((2)) T.V.
SOLUTION`
(3) L.H.S.V
A
A 30
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE:
R35
A
TOP VIEW
A
14
Φ20
8 Φ36
Φ20
Φ36
A
100
2 HOLES,Ö 14
X
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Types of sectional view ((1)) Full sectional View (2) Half sectional View . (1) Full section: ‰The sectional view obtained after removing one half p portion of the object j through g its centre line by an imaginary cutting plane is known as full sectional view.
‰If it happens to be elevation (front view), it is known as Full sectional elevation or Full sectional front view. Normally the word ‘f ll’ is ‘full’ i omitted. itt d ‰If it happens to be plan (top view), it is known as full Sectional plan or full sectional top view. Similarly there can be full sectional side view. N Normally ll the th word d ‘full’ ‘f ll’ is i omitted. itt d
Important points: ‰ hidden lines should not be drawn in sectional view ‰ Visible lines behind the cutting plane should be shown. ‰ The portions which are actually cut by cutting plane l should h ld be b hatched. h t h d ‰ The position of the cutting plane should be shown by using cutting plane line.
SPECIAL SECTIONS HALF SECTION
HALF SECTIONAL F.V.-AB
B
A C TOP VIEW
HALF SECTIONAL LEFT S.V.-BC S V BC
(2) Half sectional view: ‰When the object j is symmetrical y about its centre line, from outside as well as from inside, half sectional view is preferred. ‰ The main usefulness of the half section is in assembly drawing where it is often required to show both internal and external construction of the object on the same view.
i) Half sectional front view : ‰The sectional view obtained after removing th ffrontt quarter the t portion ti off th the object bj t by b two t imaginary g y cutting g planes p at right g angles g to each other is known as half sectional elevation or half sectional front view. ‰The half sectional front view may be left or right depending upon the left or right front quarter portion of the object is removed.
ii) Half sectional top view: ‰sectional top view. The sectional view obtained bt i d after ft removing i the th top t quarter t portion ti of the object by two imaginary cutting planes at right angles to each other is known as half sectional plan or half ‰Th half ‰The h lf sectional ti l top t view i may be b left l ft or right i ht depending upon the left or right top quarter portion of the object is removed. ‰Similarly there can be half sectional side view.
OFFSET S C O SECTION
OFFSET SECTION: The path of the cutting plane is bent to through features not located in a straight line, i.e. it is offset to through both principle features of the object. object Example is shown below. Section lines are to be staggered as shown at R
R
B B
SPECIAL SECTIONS REMOVED & REVOLVED SECTIONS
REVOLVED SECTION REMOVED SECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVEDSECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTIONS
Partial (broken (broken, local or Zonal) Section. Section
Partial (broken, local or Zonal) Section.
This is used to show only a desired features of the object bj t . No N cutting tti plane l li lines are necessary, and d it shown by wavy line
Partial (broken, local or Zonal) Section.
Tap- bolt fastener pulley shaft
Shaft and pulley partly broken out to show internal fastening g
SPECIAL SECTION Cross hatching of adjacent parts Part 1 Part 3
Part 2
SPECIAL SECTION Hatching more than two adjacent components at (2) Part C 45
P B Part Part A 45
( (hatched at 60 ) hatched at 30 on o D Part D
A
B
F.V.
SEC.T.V. Two vertical plates ,fastened by a horizontal rivet is shown in its F.V. & T.V., cut by horizontal section plane. Note: the rivet is shown in section in T.V.
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Aim:-Sketch Aim:Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part. Draw its following orthographic th hi views i using i third thi d angle l method of projections, giving dimensions. (1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA ((2)) T.V.
SOLUTION`
(3) L.H.S.V
A
A 30
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE:
R35
A
TOP VIEW
A
14
Φ20
8 Φ36
Φ20
Φ36
A
100
2 HOLES,Ö 14
X
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
A
A
X
B
X A
B
A
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Why sectional Orthographic projections are used? I. To understand inner details of complex object: When the object is complex from inside, inside there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it will be difficult to understand the orthographic projections. Therefore, to understand the details of the complex object, object sectional orthographic Projections are used. II To understand the materials of object : II. If object is made of two or more materials, then it can be understood clearly by sectional orthographic projections.
‰ Orthographic projections of complex objects are drawn after imagining it as an object cut by an imaginary cutting plane/planes parallel to principal planes ing through the details of the object object. ‰ An imaginary plane by which the object is cut is known as cutting plane or section plane.
‰ Portion P ti off the th object bj t between b t cutting tti plane l
and observer is imagined g to be removed and then the object is viewed by the observer and projection is drawn. ‰ Projection P j ti off cutt object bj t is i known k as sectional view or sectional projection. p j
‰ Generally hidden lines are not drawn in sectional view. ‰ In sectional views, the Shape of the section, visible edges and contours of object behind the section plane are drawn. ‰When one view is drawn sectional, other views are drawn as if the object is not cut and the object exists as a whole whole.
‰ It means other views are not affected by taking section in one view, but Cutting plane line is shown in non sectioned view to locate the section plane and arrows are drawn to show the direction of sight. Cutting plane line ‰ Cutting
plane line is also known as line of
section or trace of the cutting plane.
‰ The portion of the object cut by cutting plane and
touching the cutting plane is shown by drawing hatching or section lines in them. ‰ Hatching or section lines are drawn thinner than object lines. ‰ Normally hatching or section lines are drawn at 45˚. ‰ Hatching lines are evenly spaced at about 2 to 3 mm apart.
observer Cutting plane or section plane Parallel to H.P. H.P
H t hi Hatching
Sectional T T.V. V
X ‰ Portion between observer and plane (Upper half portion)
F.V.
i imagined is i i d to t be b removed. d ‰ Sectioned portion will be as shown in fig. ‰ True shape of sectioned portion will be seen in T.V
Back
Various cutting planes or section planes ‰ Cutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane. ‰ Cutting C tti plane l P ll l to Parallel t Principal P i i l horizontal h i t l plane. ‰ Cutting plane Parallel to profile plane.
Cutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane Wh an object When bj t is i cutt by b a plane l parallel ll l to t Principal p vertical plane p then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed in F.V. ‰Section plane will ill be seen as a c cutting tting plane line in T.V.
Cutting plane line
T.V.
Sectional F.V.
Object
observer
Sectioned object
back
Vertical cutting plane
Sectional F.V.
Observer T.V.
observer Sectioned object
Back
C tti Cutting plane l P Parallel ll l to t Principal P i i l horizontal h i t l plane l When an object j is cut by y a plane p parallel p to Principal p horizontal plane then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed i T.V. in TV ‰Section p plane will be seen as a cutting g plane p line in F.V.
observer
Cutting plane line
Horizontal cutting plane
F.V.
Sectional T.V.
Sectioned object
C tti Cutting plane l P Parallel ll l to t profile fil plane l When an object j is cut by y a plane p parallel p to profile p plane then: ‰The real or true shape of the section is observed i side in id view. i ‰Section p plane will be seen as a cutting g plane p line in T.V.
A
A
X
Sectioned object
Cutting plane line
Sectional R.H.S.V
F.V.
A
X
A
Sectioned object
T.V.
Sectioning rule for machine elements like : Ribs, rivets, Ribs rivets webs webs, shafts shafts, pins pins, nuts nuts, bolts bolts, washers, keys and cotter. Whenever, the cutting plane is ing through above machine elements and if cutting plane contains the axis of above machine elements, then they are not sectioned.
However, when the cutting plane is cutting, Elements perpendicular to the axis of the Above Machine elements, section is taken and in the projection hatching lines are drawn. If cutting tti plane l does d nott include i l d axis i then th These elements are hatched hatched.
Sectioning of Rivets
CORRECT
WRONG
30 DEEP
F.V.
X
T.V.
30 DEEP
Sectional F.V.
X T.V.
F.V.
A
R=MO
C
O
T R
C
C M
C
P
F.V. A X
Sectional T.V.
R=MO O
M
Rib
Sectional L.H.S.V.
A C
C
A X
C
R
C
F.V.
RULES OF HATCHING: 1) Area A off a metal t l or a material, t i l cutt by b a section ti plane is shown by hatching lines in projection. It is executed by thin lines normally at an angle of 45˚ to the axis or to the main outlines of the sectional ti l area.
(2) If the axis of the boundary of section is at 45˚then 45 then the vertical or horizontal hatching lines are drawn. Axis at 45˚
Axis at 45˚
(3) Separate area of a section of a single component are hatched in the same manner. CLICK FOR EXAMPLE manner (4) Hatching lines on a second part, adjacent to the first are at an angle of 45˚ 45 but in the opposite direction. Hatching li lines on a thi third d partt adjacent dj t tto fifirstt ttwo are drawn at an angle of 30˚ or 60˚. Sometimes spacing or pitch of the hatching g lines is varied to separate p it from the adjacent parts.
Hatching g more than two adjacent j components p
C 45˚
hatched at 60˚
B A 45˚
(2)
D
hatched at 30˚ on D
(5) If hatching is required on a large section area, it is avoided. It is limited to a zone following the contour of the sectioned area required to be hatched. Large area
(6) If hatching is required on a very thin section area, it is avoided. Complete section is shown entirely black. Thin space is left between adjacent section of the same type.
((7)) As far as p possible avoid dimensioning g inside hatched area, but, if not possible, hatching lines may be interrupted for the dimensioning. (8) Hatched area can never have dashed or dotted boundary.
15
(2) Sectional Front view, Top view & L.H.S.V.,, usingg 3rd angle method of projections.
5 50
(1)Front view, Top view & L.H.S View, using 3rd angle method of projections.
15
Figure g shows isometric view of a machine component. Draw its
10
40 60
25 2
15
30
30
5
50
50
15
50
Top View
L.H.S.View
Front View
B
It will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
A
Retained R i d split li off the h machine parts
10
40 60
25
15
30
30
5
A
50
50
Top View A
B
L.H.S. View
Sectional Front View -AB
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component. D Draw i following its f ll i views i as per First angle method of projections (1) Front view from X direction. (2) Sectional top view-AA (3) L.H.S. View
20 0
20 0
60
A
A
X
20 0
Sketch shows the assumed cut model (retained part of the machine component / split against the observer) due to horizontal section plane ing through AB.
X
A
20 0
Ø20
Ø30, 7deep
A
A
20
60 6
A
120 F.V.
14
28
L.H.S.V.
A
Sectional T.V.T.V.-AA X
Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components. Draw its following views, using 3rd angle method of projections. projections
φ30
B
(1) Front view from arrow X 60
(2) Top View
2 20
(3) Sectional R.H.S.V R H S V - AB
X
A
Retained split, will be nearer to V.P. V P in 1st angle method & against g the vertical plane in 3rd angle method.
A
B
No hatching in this area as not contained in the section plane
Retained R i d split li off the h machine parts
A
B B
A
X
A
4 40
TV T.V.
20 20
9 90
60
F.V.
20
80
A
A
Full SEC. S C R.H.S.V
PROBLEM
Sketch, shows isometric view of a machine part. Draw its (1) Full Sectional F.V. (sectional F.V.) (2) T.V. (3) R.H.S.V. U Use thi d angle third l method th d off orthographic th hi pprojection. j Dimension the view as pper the align system.
Given Isometric view
A R30
R20
B
L=100, D=100 & H= 100
A
R20
B
A
A TOP VIEW
30
60
12
100
45
B
100 SEC. FRONT VIEW
B R.H.S. VIEW
PROBLEM - 1 The following figure shows the isometric view of a machine component Draw its 1)Fullll sectional 1)F ti lF Frontt view i (sectional F.V.) 2)Top view 3)L.H.S view Use First angle method of projections and di dimensioning i i using i aligned li d system t only l
R 25 Φ 25 ,10 deep
Ø25
R 25
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW -AB
10 45
12.5
45
L.H.S. VIEW -AB
60
TOP VIEW
Φ 25 70
20
60°
10
10 25
55
10
R 25
Ø25
L.H.S. VIEW
FRONT VIEW 60
45
12.5
45
10
TOP VIEW
Φ 25 70
20
60
10
10 1
25
55
10
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Aim:-Sketch Aim:Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part. Draw its following orthographic th hi views i using i third thi d angle l method of projections, giving dimensions. (1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA ((2)) T.V.
SOLUTION`
(3) L.H.S.V
A
A 30
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE:
R35
A
TOP VIEW
A
14
Φ20
8 Φ36
Φ20
Φ36
A
100
2 HOLES,Ö 14
X
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Types of sectional view ((1)) Full sectional View (2) Half sectional View . (1) Full section: ‰The sectional view obtained after removing one half p portion of the object j through g its centre line by an imaginary cutting plane is known as full sectional view.
‰If it happens to be elevation (front view), it is known as Full sectional elevation or Full sectional front view. Normally the word ‘f ll’ is ‘full’ i omitted. itt d ‰If it happens to be plan (top view), it is known as full Sectional plan or full sectional top view. Similarly there can be full sectional side view. N Normally ll the th word d ‘full’ ‘f ll’ is i omitted. itt d
Important points: ‰ hidden lines should not be drawn in sectional view ‰ Visible lines behind the cutting plane should be shown. ‰ The portions which are actually cut by cutting plane l should h ld be b hatched. h t h d ‰ The position of the cutting plane should be shown by using cutting plane line.
SPECIAL SECTIONS HALF SECTION
HALF SECTIONAL F.V.-AB
B
A C TOP VIEW
HALF SECTIONAL LEFT S.V.-BC S V BC
(2) Half sectional view: ‰When the object j is symmetrical y about its centre line, from outside as well as from inside, half sectional view is preferred. ‰ The main usefulness of the half section is in assembly drawing where it is often required to show both internal and external construction of the object on the same view.
i) Half sectional front view : ‰The sectional view obtained after removing th ffrontt quarter the t portion ti off th the object bj t by b two t imaginary g y cutting g planes p at right g angles g to each other is known as half sectional elevation or half sectional front view. ‰The half sectional front view may be left or right depending upon the left or right front quarter portion of the object is removed.
ii) Half sectional top view: ‰sectional top view. The sectional view obtained bt i d after ft removing i the th top t quarter t portion ti of the object by two imaginary cutting planes at right angles to each other is known as half sectional plan or half ‰Th half ‰The h lf sectional ti l top t view i may be b left l ft or right i ht depending upon the left or right top quarter portion of the object is removed. ‰Similarly there can be half sectional side view.
OFFSET S C O SECTION
OFFSET SECTION: The path of the cutting plane is bent to through features not located in a straight line, i.e. it is offset to through both principle features of the object. object Example is shown below. Section lines are to be staggered as shown at R
R
B B
SPECIAL SECTIONS REMOVED & REVOLVED SECTIONS
REVOLVED SECTION REMOVED SECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVEDSECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTIONS
Partial (broken (broken, local or Zonal) Section. Section
Partial (broken, local or Zonal) Section.
This is used to show only a desired features of the object bj t . No N cutting tti plane l li lines are necessary, and d it shown by wavy line
Partial (broken, local or Zonal) Section.
Tap- bolt fastener pulley shaft
Shaft and pulley partly broken out to show internal fastening g
SPECIAL SECTION Cross hatching of adjacent parts Part 1 Part 3
Part 2
SPECIAL SECTION Hatching more than two adjacent components at (2) Part C 45
P B Part Part A 45
( (hatched at 60 ) hatched at 30 on o D Part D
A
B
F.V.
SEC.T.V. Two vertical plates ,fastened by a horizontal rivet is shown in its F.V. & T.V., cut by horizontal section plane. Note: the rivet is shown in section in T.V.
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
Aim:-Sketch Aim:Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part. Draw its following orthographic th hi views i using i third thi d angle l method of projections, giving dimensions. (1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA ((2)) T.V.
SOLUTION`
(3) L.H.S.V
A
A 30
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE:
R35
A
TOP VIEW
A
14
Φ20
8 Φ36
Φ20
Φ36
A
100
2 HOLES,Ö 14
X
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
A
A
X
B
X A
B
A
Aim:-Sketch Aim: Sketch--1, shows Isometric View of a machine part part.. Draw its following orthographic g p views usingg third angle g method of projections, giving dimensions. dimensions.
SOLUTION`
(1) Sectional F.V.F.V.-AA (2) T.V. TV
A
A 30
(3) L.H.S.V R35
A
TOP VIEW
A Ö20
8 Φ36
Φ20
14 4`
65
2 HOLES,Ö Ö 14
100 0
Ö36
X
A
Sketch--1 Sketch
A LEFT HAND SIDE VIEW
SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW AA
SCALE:-- 1:1 SCALE: SYMBOL OF PROJECTION METHOD, NOT SHOWN
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