I.

Stages of Wellness & Illness 1. Wellness a. Definition  Wellness is a state of well-being. b. Basic aspects  Self-responsibility  An ultimate goal  A dynamic  Growing process  Daily nutrition making in the areas of nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health  The whole being of an individual c. Seven components of wellness (Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato)  Physical – the ability to carry out tasks, achieve fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and body fat, avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or tobacco products, and generally practice positive lifestyle habits.  Social – the ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment of which each person is a part, to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and beliefs.  Emotional – the ability to manage stress and express emotions appropriately.  Intellectual – the ability to learn and use information effectively.  Spiritual – the belief in some force that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life. It includes a person’s own morals, values, and ethics.  Occupational – the ability to achieve balance between work and leisure time.  Environmental – the ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community. 2. Illness a. Definition  Illness is a condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind. b. Stages of Illness or Illness Behavior (Schumann)  Symptoms experience – The person is aware that something is wrong. A person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific diagnosis.  Assumption of the sick role – If symptom persist and become severe, clients assume the sick role. At this point, the illness becomes a social phenomenon, and sick people seek confirmation from their families and social groups that they are indeed ill and that they be excused from normal duties and role expectations.  Medical care contract – If symptoms persist despite the home remedies, become severe or require emergency care, the person is motivated to seek professional health services. In this stage the client seeks expert acknowledgement of the illness as well as the treatment.  Dependent client role – The client depends on health care professionals for the relief of symptoms. The client accepts care, sympathy and protection from the demands and stresses of life. A client can adopt the dependent role in a health care institution, at home, or in a community setting. The client must also adjust to the disruption of a daily schedule.  Recovery and rehabilitation – This stage can arrive suddenly, such as when the symptoms appeared. In the case of chronic illness, the final stage may involve in an adjustment to a prolong reduction in health and functioning.

II.

Levels of Prevention 1. Description  Preventing any disease can be grouped into three levels. The levels are named for the stages of disease they target. The three levels of prevention are primary, secondary, and tertiary. 2. Levels a. Primary prevention  We use primary prevention methods before the person gets the disease.  Primary prevention aims to prevent the disease from occurring.  Primary prevention reduces both the incidence and prevalence of a disease.  Encouraging people to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet rays is an example of primary prevention of skin cancer. b. Secondary prevention  Secondary prevention is used after the disease has occurred, but before the person notices that anything is wrong.  The goal of secondary prevention is to find and treat disease early. In many cases, the disease can be cured.  A doctor checking for suspicious skin growths is an example of secondary prevention of skin cancer. c. Tertiary prevention  Tertiary prevention targets the person who already has symptoms of the disease.  The goals of tertiary prevention are: to prevent damage and pain from the disease; slow down the disease; prevent the disease from causing other problems or complications; give better care to people with the disease; and make people with the disease healthy again and able to do what they want to do.  Developing better treatments for melanoma is an example of tertiary prevention. Examples include better surgeries, new medicines, etc.

References:  

Berman, A. et al. (2008). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing Eighth Edition. Philippines: Pearson Education, Inc. Levels of Disease Prevention. CDC.gov EXCITE. Retrieved on June 27, 2014 from http://www.cdc.gov/excite/

Questions: 1. It’s the component of wellness in which the individual has the ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community. a. Intellectual b. Emotional c. Environmental d. Physical 2. It’s defined as a condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind. a. Illness b. Disease process c. Pathophysiology d. Infection 3. It is a stage of illness in which a person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific diagnosis. a. Assumption of the sick role b. Symptoms experience c. Recovery and rehabilitation d. Dependent client role

4. The following are stages of illness, except: a. Symptoms experience b. Medical care contract c. Recovery and rehabilitation d. Surgical level 5. It’s defined as a state of well-being. a. Healthy living b. Wellness c. Health appraisal d. Health education 6. The goals of tertiary prevention are: a. to prevent damage and pain from the disease b. slow down the disease c. prevent the disease from causing other problems or complications d. All of the above 7. In this level of prevention, the goal of the health care provider is to prevention is to find and treat disease early. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Intermediate 8. Operation Timbang is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Intermediate prevention 9. Encouraging people to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet rays is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Intermediate prevention 10. Developing a better treatment for gastric ulcer is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Intermediate prevention Answers: 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. c