Survey Field Notes 1e5s1w

SURVEY FIELD NOTES

GROUP N0 10 ALI RAZA  IRFAN ALI  ABU ZAR  FIAZ KHAN 

UW-13-CE-Bsc-011  UW-13-CE-Bsc-003  UW-13-CE-Bsc-001  UW-13-CE-Bsc-053 

Field Notes

an item in a systematic record of the measurements made by a surveyor or the observations of a researcher in the field  Field notes are the records of work done in the field  They typically contain measurements , sketches , descriptions , and many other items of miscellaneous information. 

Field Notes 

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In the past, field notes were prepared exclusively by hand lettering in fieldbooks or special note pads as the work progressed and data were gathered electronic field book

GENERAL REQUIREMENTs FOR HANDWRITTEN FIELD NOTES  

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Accuracy This is the most important quality in all surveying operations. Integrity. A single omitted measurement or detail can nullify use of the notes for computing or plotting.If the project was far from the office,it is time-consuming and expensive to return for a missing measurement.Notes should be checked carefully for completeness before leaving the survey site . Legibility Notes can be used only if they are legible.A professional-lookingset of notes is likely to be professional in quality

GENERAL REQUIREMENTs FOR HANDWRITTEN FIELD NOTES 

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Arrangement Note forms appropriate to a particular survey contribute to accuracy,integrity,and legibility. Clarity Advance planning and proper field procedures are necessary to en-sure clarity of sketches and tabulations,and to minimize the possibility of mistakes and omissions.Avoid crowding notes;paper is relatively cheap.Costly mistakes in computing and drafting are the end results of ambiguous notes

Distance Measurement

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Pacing Taping or Chaining Perambulator Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)

Levelling Important 

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Datum A datum is any reference surface to which the elevations of points are referred. The most commonly used datum is that of mean sea level (MSL). Bench mark (BM) It is a permanent fixed reference point of known elevation and position.

Levelling Important 

Reduced level (RL) The RL of a point is its height above or below a reference datum. It is also called as Elevation.

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Back Sight (BS): It is the staff reading taken at the point of known elevation (such as BM). It is also the first staff reading after setting the instrument. Fore Sight (FS): It is the reading at a point after which the instrument is shifted to another point. So it is the last reading at a setting. Intermediate Sight (IS): Any reading taken between BS and FS reading is called Intermediate Sight (IS).

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Levelling Important 

Section: A section comprises of one back sight, one fore sight and all the intermediate sights taken from one instrument set up within that section. Thus the number of sections is equal to the number of set ups of the instrument. (From A to B for instrument position 1 is section-1 and from B to C for instrument position 2 is section-2

Rise and fall method 

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In the rise and fall method, the rises and the falls are found out for the points lying within each section. Adding or subtracting the rise or fall to or from the reduced level of the backward station obtains the level for a forward station.

Rise and fall method 

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The computation can be cheeked mathematically. It should hold the following conditions. (Sum of BS - Sum of FS) = (Sum of rises - Sum of falls) = (Last Elevation First Elevation) In this particular case, the result of all calculations is 1.27

HI method

HI method   

The calculation can be checked as following. (Sum of BS - Sum of FS) = (Last Elevation - First Elevation) In this particular example, the difference value from both calculations is (-4.968).

Theodolite 

Theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles

IMPORTANT Face Right:  When the vertical circle of theodolite is on the right of observer, the position is called face right and the observation made is called face right observation. Face Left:  When the vertical circle of theodolite is on the left of observer, the position is called face left and the observation made is called face left observation

HORIZONTAL ANGLE 

the angle made by two ground lines is measured horizontal ly, and is called a horizontal angle

VERTICAL ANGLE  

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It is the angle in the vertical plane It is angle between the two lines intersecting in a vertical plane. On FL (Face Left), the Vertical angle = 90 Reading On FR (Face Right), the vertical angle = Reading - 270

Total Station Surveying

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Total station surveying - defined as the use of electronic survey equipment used to perform horizontal and vertical measurements in reference to a grid system (e.g. UTM, mine grid).

Electronic Notebook 

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the “brains” of the total station. The notebook will record, calculate, and even manipulate field data automatically saving valuable time and manpower. the electronic notebook records the slope distance, horizontal and vertical angles from the total station and can perform numerous calculations using operating software which is loaded into the unit. SDR 33 is an electronic notebook made by Sokkia. Cost is approximately $4000 and can store up 2MB of readings and analysis

main menu of the notebook

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1) Function menu 2) Survey menu 3) COGO menu 4) Road menu 5) Level menu

Function Menu the function menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific input options which may be used during on particular job or may apply to all survey jobs  function sub-menus in the SDR 33 are 1) Job - multiple jobs can be stored 2) Instrument type - instrument type, prism constant, orientation (azimuth) 3) Job settings - current job, atmospheric correction, curvature and refraction correction, and sea level correction 

Function Menu 4) Configure reading - allows control over how information can be numbered and stored (POS or OBS), single/double angle measurement setting, allows code lists to be activated, as well as compatibility with other instruments (WILD) 5) Tolerances - Hor. And Ver. Angle = 30”, EDM = 5mm allows accuracy of duplicate readings to be checked. 6) Units 7) Communications - ing or ing data (SDR, MOSS, DXF

Function Menu 8) Date and Time 9) Job Deletion 10) Calculator 11) Feature Code List - list to identify survey details 12) Hardware - system info, battery life 13) Upgrade 14) Program - allows programs to be ed 15) Language - English but you can more languages

Survey Menu 

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the survey menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific software to use the raw data recorded from the total station and transform this information into usable survey results the survey sub-menus in the SDR 33 are: 1) Topography - allows topography of a region to be measured. 2) Traverse Adjustment - allows series of stations used as traverse to be calculated for closure. The program can then calculate the adjustments required in the stations to ensure closure.

Survey Menu 

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3) Resection - calculates the coordinates of an unknown or free station by observing a number of unknown stations from the unknown point. 4) Set Collection, Set Review - structured method for collecting multiple sets of information from a station. 5) Building Face Survey - used to survey details of a building including details where the prism cannot be placed.

Survey Menu  

6) Collimation - used to measure error in single angle measurements. 7) Remote Elevation - used to measure elevations of points in which the target can’t be placed. (e.g.. Powerline heights, bridge heights). The prism is placed directly below the object and the slope distance to the prism is recorded along with the angle up to the remote elevation. Based on these measurements, the remote elevation point can be calculated.

COGO Menu 

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COGO is a suite of programs aimed at coordinate geometry problems in civil engineering – originally a subsystem of MIT’s Integrated Engineering System (ICES) developed in the 1960’s. the COGO menu consists of a series of sub-menus which contain specific software used for coordinate geometry calculations and setting out work in the field

COGO Menu          

the COGO sub-menus in the SDR 33 are 1) Setting out Coordinates - allows coordinates to be placed in the field. 2) Setting out Line 3) Set out Arc 4) Resection 5) Inverse - allows calculation of point to point info, 6) Areas 7) Intersections 8) Point Projections 9) Taping from Baseline

Road Menu 

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the Road menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific software used to perform a detailed road or highway survey the details of the road can be entered into the data collector and the road can be laid out in the field including all appropriate cut and fill information at each point. the cross-section survey sub-menu allows for measurements of earthwork areas which can be ed into CAD for earthwork volume calculations

Level Menu 

The level menu consists of a series of sub-menus which contain specific software used to perform a levelling and level adjustment calculations