Taipei 101 Tall Buildings 6v1l3s
This document was ed by and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report form. Report 3b7i
Overview 3e4r5l
& View Taipei 101 Tall Buildings as PDF for free.
More details w3441
- Words: 1,752
- Pages: 10
TAIPEI 101
TAIPEI 101 - A structural marvel created by combining the best of all structural systems.
SOME BASIC INFORMATION •
Architect – C.Y.Lee & Partners
•
Structural Engineer – Shaw Shieh
•
Structural Consult. – Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers, New York City
•
Year Started – June 1998 (Mall already open)
•
Total Height – 508m
•
No. of Floors – 101
•
Plan Area – 50m X 50m
•
Cost – $ 700 million
•
Building Use – Office Complex + Mall
•
Parking - 83,000 m2, 1800 cars
•
Retail - Taipei 101 Mall (77,033 m2)
•
Offices - Taiwan Stock Exchange (198,347 m2)
CONCEPTION Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Republic of China. The building ranked officially as the world's tallest from 2004 until the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In July 2011, the building was awarded LEED Platinum certification, the highest award in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system and became the tallest and largest green building in the world. Taipei 101 was designed by C.Y. Lee & partners and constructed primarily by KTRT t Venture. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since its opening, and received the 2004 Emporis Skyscraper Award. Fireworks launched from Taipei 101 feature prominently in international New Year's Eve broadcasts and the structure appears frequently in travel literature and international media.
Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and Asian tradition. Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall ading the tower houses hundreds of fashionable stores and Restaurants. DESIGN The overall appearance was meant to evoke strong Chines beliefs and traditions, a building that would be an icon for the city of Taipei by illustrating its community’s attributes. The number 101 symbolizes perfection by being a step further than 100. Dividing the tower into eight floor segments was also inspired by the Chinese culture, in which this number represents abundance, prosperity and good fortune. Both the interior and the exterior of the Taipei World Financial Center were diverted from the shape of a Chinese pagoda and the form of bamboo flowers. The concepts of financial richness and everlasting youth in Chinese culture are represented by a blossoming flower, which inspired the designers to make the building open upwards. Naturally there are many other small design elements that were inspired by the same beliefs, all pointing out to the idea that the designers were very fond of the Chinese culture and chose to include as many traditional elements as possible in the design of the Taipei World Financial Center
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE •
Structure depicts a bamboo stalk
•
Youth and Longevity
•
Everlasting Strength
•
Pagoda Style
•
Eight prominent sections
•
Chinese lucky number “8”
•
In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity
•
Even number = “rhythm and symmetry”
BUILDING FRAME
Materials •
60ksi Steel
•
10,000 psi Concrete
Systems •
Outrigger Trusses
•
Moment Frames
•
Belt Trusses
Lateral Load Resistance •
Braced Moment Frames in the building’s core
•
Outrigger from core to perimeter
•
Perimeter Moment Frames
•
Shear walls
•
Basement and first 8 floors
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
• •
380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab. Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi concrete infill to provide for overturning.
•
Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.
•
106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger.
•
6 cranes on site – steel placement.
•
Electrical & Mechanical.
•
Curtain wall placement.
CHALLENGES FACED
• •
Taipei being a coastal city the problems present are: Weak soil conditions (The structures tend to sink).
•
Typhoon winds (High lateral displacement tends to topple structures).
•
Large potential earthquakes (Generates shear forces).
FOUNDATION
The building is a pile through clay rich soil to bedrock 40 – 60 m below.The plies are topped by a foundation slab which is 3m thick at the edges and up to 5m thick under the largest of columns.There are a total of 380 1.5m dia. Tower piles. COLUMN SYSTEM
Photos of Site during Construction
Gravity loads are carried vertically by a variety of columns.Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing points of four lines of bracing in each direction.The columns are box sections constructed of steel plates, filled with concrete for added strength as well as stiffness till the 62nd floor. On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor, each of the four building faces has two ‘supercolumns,’ two ‘sub-super-columns,’ and two corner columns.Each face of the perimeter above the 26th floor has the two ‘super-columns’ continue upward.The ‘super-columns’ and ‘sub-super-columns’ are steel box sections, filled with 10,000 psi (M70) high performance concrete on lower floors for strength and stiffness up to the 62nd floor.
Typical plan upto 26th storey
LATERAL LOADING SYSTEM
Typical plan from 27th to 91st storey
For additional core stiffness, the lowest floors from basement to the 8th floor have concrete shear walls cast between core columns in addition to diagonal braces.
The most of the lateral loads will be resisted by a combination of braced cores, cantilevers from the core to the perimeter, the super columns and the Special moment resisting frame (SMRF).The cantilevers (horizontal trussed from the core to the perimeter) occur at 11 levels in the structure. 5 of them are double storey high and the rest single storey.16 of these occur on each of such floors. The balance of perimeter framing is a sloping Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF), a rigidly-connected grid of stiff beams and H shape columns which follows the tower’s exterior wall slope down each 8 story module.At each setback level, gravity load is transferred to ‘super-columns’ through a story-high diagonalized truss in the plane of the SMRF.Above the 26th floor, only two exterior super-columns continue to rise up to the 91st floor, so the SMRF consists of 600 mm deep steel wide flange beams and columns, with columns sized to be significantly stronger than beams for stability in the event of beam yielding.Each 7-story of SMRF is carried by a story-high truss to transfer gravity and cantilever forces to the super-columns, and to handle the greater story stiffness of the core at cantilever floors. FLOOR SLAB (STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS) Slabs are composite in nature and are typically 13.5 cms thick. CORE Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing points of four lines of bracing in each direction.
WIND DAMPER
The TAIPEI 101 Observatory has the world's largest and heaviest wind damper with a diameter reaching 5.5 m (18 feet) and a weight of 660 tons. It is the only operational wind damper in the
world exposed for public viewing. The wind damper is suspended between the 92nd and 87th floors and is composed of 41 layers of 12.5 cm (5 inch) thick steel plates riveted together, serving as one of the key elements of wind and earthquake resistance systems of TAIPEI 101.
Tuned Mass Damper(TMD The complete name of the TAIPEI 101 wind damper is the tuned mass damper (TMD). The TMD has been specifically designed as a ive damper system and is positioned at the center of the tower between the 87th and 91nd floors. Its main purpose is to reduce the swaying of the tower during strong winds and eliminate any resulting discomfort experienced by anyone within the building. Unlike conventional damper systems that are usually hidden from public view, special functional and aesthetic considerations have been made for the TAIPEI 101 wind damper so that visitors can take a look at the entire wind damper system and see how it operates at the Observatory. INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF WIND DAMPER
Mass Block The mass damper is composed of 41 layers of 12.5 cm (5 inch) thick solid steel plates stacked and riveted together to form a sphere that measures 5.5 m (18 feet) in diameter with a weight of 660 tons.
Cable
The mass block is suspended from the 92nd floor using eight steel cables measuring 8.9 cm (3.5 inch) in diameter and 42 m (138 feet) in length. In order to ensure cable flexibility and maximize its durability, each steel cable is composed of over 2000 steel strands, achieving a designed safety coefficient of 4. In other words, only 1/4 of the steel cables are required to the entire mass of the wind damper. The design allows a maximum swaying amplitude of 150 cm.
Hydraulic Viscous Damper Eight diagonal primary hydraulic viscous dampers were installed below the mass block that were designed to automatically absorb the impulse caused by the swaying of the mass block and use the tower's own movement to cancel the absorbed energy.
Bumper System A bumper ring has been installed under the mass block to restrict the swaying of the spherical mass block. The bumper ring itself is connected to eight horizontal snubber hydraulic viscous dampers designed to limit the swaying of the wind damper ball to within 150 cm on very rare major typhoons or powerful earthquakes.
AWARDS
Seven Wonders of Engineering by Discovery Channel in 2005 7 New Wonders of the World by Newsweek Magazine in April 2006 Best of What’s New Award 2004- Engineering, Popular Science Magazine Guinness World Records of the World’s Fastest enger Elevators (Observatory Elevators 1,010 m/min) Tallest Building in the World by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH
MILESTONE 20 October 1997: Development and operation rights agreement signed with Taipei City government.
13 January 1999: Excavations Started.
7 June 2000: First tower column erected.
13 April 2001: Design change to 509.2 m height approved by Taipei City government.
13 June 2001: Taipei 101 Mall topped out.
10 August 2001: Construction license awarded for 101 stories.
31 March 2002: Partially constructed building survives 6.8 magnitude earthquake undamaged.
13 March 2003: Taipei 101 Mall obtains occupancy permit.
1 July 2003: Taipei 101 Tower roof completed.
17 October 2003: Pinnacle Placed.
14 November 2003: Taipei 101 mall opens.
15 April 2004: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Taipei 101 as world's tallest building.
12 November 2004: Tower obtains occupancy permit.
31 December 2004: Tower opens to Public.
1 January 2005: First New Year Eve Fireworks Display starts at midnight.
REFERENCE http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/en/observatory-damper.aspx#SCROLL2 http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/671/taipei-101-a-case-study https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101
TAIPEI 101 - A structural marvel created by combining the best of all structural systems.
SOME BASIC INFORMATION •
Architect – C.Y.Lee & Partners
•
Structural Engineer – Shaw Shieh
•
Structural Consult. – Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers, New York City
•
Year Started – June 1998 (Mall already open)
•
Total Height – 508m
•
No. of Floors – 101
•
Plan Area – 50m X 50m
•
Cost – $ 700 million
•
Building Use – Office Complex + Mall
•
Parking - 83,000 m2, 1800 cars
•
Retail - Taipei 101 Mall (77,033 m2)
•
Offices - Taiwan Stock Exchange (198,347 m2)
CONCEPTION Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Republic of China. The building ranked officially as the world's tallest from 2004 until the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In July 2011, the building was awarded LEED Platinum certification, the highest award in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system and became the tallest and largest green building in the world. Taipei 101 was designed by C.Y. Lee & partners and constructed primarily by KTRT t Venture. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since its opening, and received the 2004 Emporis Skyscraper Award. Fireworks launched from Taipei 101 feature prominently in international New Year's Eve broadcasts and the structure appears frequently in travel literature and international media.
Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and Asian tradition. Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall ading the tower houses hundreds of fashionable stores and Restaurants. DESIGN The overall appearance was meant to evoke strong Chines beliefs and traditions, a building that would be an icon for the city of Taipei by illustrating its community’s attributes. The number 101 symbolizes perfection by being a step further than 100. Dividing the tower into eight floor segments was also inspired by the Chinese culture, in which this number represents abundance, prosperity and good fortune. Both the interior and the exterior of the Taipei World Financial Center were diverted from the shape of a Chinese pagoda and the form of bamboo flowers. The concepts of financial richness and everlasting youth in Chinese culture are represented by a blossoming flower, which inspired the designers to make the building open upwards. Naturally there are many other small design elements that were inspired by the same beliefs, all pointing out to the idea that the designers were very fond of the Chinese culture and chose to include as many traditional elements as possible in the design of the Taipei World Financial Center
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE •
Structure depicts a bamboo stalk
•
Youth and Longevity
•
Everlasting Strength
•
Pagoda Style
•
Eight prominent sections
•
Chinese lucky number “8”
•
In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity
•
Even number = “rhythm and symmetry”
BUILDING FRAME
Materials •
60ksi Steel
•
10,000 psi Concrete
Systems •
Outrigger Trusses
•
Moment Frames
•
Belt Trusses
Lateral Load Resistance •
Braced Moment Frames in the building’s core
•
Outrigger from core to perimeter
•
Perimeter Moment Frames
•
Shear walls
•
Basement and first 8 floors
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
• •
380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab. Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi concrete infill to provide for overturning.
•
Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.
•
106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger.
•
6 cranes on site – steel placement.
•
Electrical & Mechanical.
•
Curtain wall placement.
CHALLENGES FACED
• •
Taipei being a coastal city the problems present are: Weak soil conditions (The structures tend to sink).
•
Typhoon winds (High lateral displacement tends to topple structures).
•
Large potential earthquakes (Generates shear forces).
FOUNDATION
The building is a pile through clay rich soil to bedrock 40 – 60 m below.The plies are topped by a foundation slab which is 3m thick at the edges and up to 5m thick under the largest of columns.There are a total of 380 1.5m dia. Tower piles. COLUMN SYSTEM
Photos of Site during Construction
Gravity loads are carried vertically by a variety of columns.Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing points of four lines of bracing in each direction.The columns are box sections constructed of steel plates, filled with concrete for added strength as well as stiffness till the 62nd floor. On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor, each of the four building faces has two ‘supercolumns,’ two ‘sub-super-columns,’ and two corner columns.Each face of the perimeter above the 26th floor has the two ‘super-columns’ continue upward.The ‘super-columns’ and ‘sub-super-columns’ are steel box sections, filled with 10,000 psi (M70) high performance concrete on lower floors for strength and stiffness up to the 62nd floor.
Typical plan upto 26th storey
LATERAL LOADING SYSTEM
Typical plan from 27th to 91st storey
For additional core stiffness, the lowest floors from basement to the 8th floor have concrete shear walls cast between core columns in addition to diagonal braces.
The most of the lateral loads will be resisted by a combination of braced cores, cantilevers from the core to the perimeter, the super columns and the Special moment resisting frame (SMRF).The cantilevers (horizontal trussed from the core to the perimeter) occur at 11 levels in the structure. 5 of them are double storey high and the rest single storey.16 of these occur on each of such floors. The balance of perimeter framing is a sloping Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF), a rigidly-connected grid of stiff beams and H shape columns which follows the tower’s exterior wall slope down each 8 story module.At each setback level, gravity load is transferred to ‘super-columns’ through a story-high diagonalized truss in the plane of the SMRF.Above the 26th floor, only two exterior super-columns continue to rise up to the 91st floor, so the SMRF consists of 600 mm deep steel wide flange beams and columns, with columns sized to be significantly stronger than beams for stability in the event of beam yielding.Each 7-story of SMRF is carried by a story-high truss to transfer gravity and cantilever forces to the super-columns, and to handle the greater story stiffness of the core at cantilever floors. FLOOR SLAB (STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS) Slabs are composite in nature and are typically 13.5 cms thick. CORE Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing points of four lines of bracing in each direction.
WIND DAMPER
The TAIPEI 101 Observatory has the world's largest and heaviest wind damper with a diameter reaching 5.5 m (18 feet) and a weight of 660 tons. It is the only operational wind damper in the
world exposed for public viewing. The wind damper is suspended between the 92nd and 87th floors and is composed of 41 layers of 12.5 cm (5 inch) thick steel plates riveted together, serving as one of the key elements of wind and earthquake resistance systems of TAIPEI 101.
Tuned Mass Damper(TMD The complete name of the TAIPEI 101 wind damper is the tuned mass damper (TMD). The TMD has been specifically designed as a ive damper system and is positioned at the center of the tower between the 87th and 91nd floors. Its main purpose is to reduce the swaying of the tower during strong winds and eliminate any resulting discomfort experienced by anyone within the building. Unlike conventional damper systems that are usually hidden from public view, special functional and aesthetic considerations have been made for the TAIPEI 101 wind damper so that visitors can take a look at the entire wind damper system and see how it operates at the Observatory. INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF WIND DAMPER
Mass Block The mass damper is composed of 41 layers of 12.5 cm (5 inch) thick solid steel plates stacked and riveted together to form a sphere that measures 5.5 m (18 feet) in diameter with a weight of 660 tons.
Cable
The mass block is suspended from the 92nd floor using eight steel cables measuring 8.9 cm (3.5 inch) in diameter and 42 m (138 feet) in length. In order to ensure cable flexibility and maximize its durability, each steel cable is composed of over 2000 steel strands, achieving a designed safety coefficient of 4. In other words, only 1/4 of the steel cables are required to the entire mass of the wind damper. The design allows a maximum swaying amplitude of 150 cm.
Hydraulic Viscous Damper Eight diagonal primary hydraulic viscous dampers were installed below the mass block that were designed to automatically absorb the impulse caused by the swaying of the mass block and use the tower's own movement to cancel the absorbed energy.
Bumper System A bumper ring has been installed under the mass block to restrict the swaying of the spherical mass block. The bumper ring itself is connected to eight horizontal snubber hydraulic viscous dampers designed to limit the swaying of the wind damper ball to within 150 cm on very rare major typhoons or powerful earthquakes.
AWARDS
Seven Wonders of Engineering by Discovery Channel in 2005 7 New Wonders of the World by Newsweek Magazine in April 2006 Best of What’s New Award 2004- Engineering, Popular Science Magazine Guinness World Records of the World’s Fastest enger Elevators (Observatory Elevators 1,010 m/min) Tallest Building in the World by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH
MILESTONE 20 October 1997: Development and operation rights agreement signed with Taipei City government.
13 January 1999: Excavations Started.
7 June 2000: First tower column erected.
13 April 2001: Design change to 509.2 m height approved by Taipei City government.
13 June 2001: Taipei 101 Mall topped out.
10 August 2001: Construction license awarded for 101 stories.
31 March 2002: Partially constructed building survives 6.8 magnitude earthquake undamaged.
13 March 2003: Taipei 101 Mall obtains occupancy permit.
1 July 2003: Taipei 101 Tower roof completed.
17 October 2003: Pinnacle Placed.
14 November 2003: Taipei 101 mall opens.
15 April 2004: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Taipei 101 as world's tallest building.
12 November 2004: Tower obtains occupancy permit.
31 December 2004: Tower opens to Public.
1 January 2005: First New Year Eve Fireworks Display starts at midnight.
REFERENCE http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/en/observatory-damper.aspx#SCROLL2 http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/671/taipei-101-a-case-study https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101
Related Documents 3m3m1z
Taipei 101 Tall Buildings 6v1l3s
December 2019 64
Tall Buildings 6o4k1e
April 2020 37
Cc Tall Buildings Guide 1u4s2k
December 2020 0
Taipei 101.pdf 3b6c5y
November 2019 30
Taipei 101 Construction 246a5o
December 2019 36
Interior Taipei 101 331u18
December 2020 0More Documents from "Azam Sufi" 4v653y
Taipei 101 Tall Buildings 6v1l3s
December 2019 64
Zikir Tempur.pdf 316m6f
April 2020 46
Metal Forging 5c5970
July 2021 0
Shayari Of Allama Iqbal _ Rekhta 3p5f1u
November 2022 0
Www Mathsisfun Com (51) 383p73
December 2022 0