Top Science 3 - Activity Book With Answers 626d50

Top Science 3 PRIMARY ACTIVITY BOOK

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 1

14/10/11 8:45

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 2

14/10/11 8:45

CONTENTS UNIT

1

Your body

2

Our senses

3

Living things

4

Vertebrate animals

5

Invertebrate animals

6

Machines

7

Planet Earth

8

Water

9 10 11 12 13

Air and weather Landscapes

Villages and cities Jobs Work and services

14

Local government

15

Finding out about the past

TERM ACTIVITIES

TOPICS

4

10

16

22

28

34

40

46

52

58

64

70

76

82

The human body Your body moves

You grow and change

Sight Hearing

Smell, taste and touch

Nutrition Sensitivity

Reproduction

Mammals Reptiles and birds

Fish and amphibians

Invertebrate animals Insects

Machines Simple and compound machines The Earth, the Sun and the Moon The Earth and the Moon move

Maps and globes

The different states of water Water in nature

The water cycle

Air Weather and climate

Weather and the seasons

Inland landscapes Coastal landscapes

Rivers, lakes and reservoirs

Villages Cities Crop farming Stockbreeding and fishing

Factory work

Services Trade

Transport and communications

Local councils Municipal services The ing of time Memories from the past

The past and present of cities and villages

88 94

PROJECTS AND GAMES

106

three 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 3

3 14/10/11 8:45

1

Unit

1 Match the photograph to the part of the body. forearm

3

abdomen

thigh

4

Say whether these body parts are part of the head, the trunk or the limbs. Picture 1 - limbs, Picture 2 - limbs, Picture 3 - trunk 2 Circle the odd word out. HEAD

TRUNK

face

forehead

abdomen

UPPER LIMBS

arms

LOWER LIMBS

thighs

thorax

thighs

feet

abdomen

chin

forearm

back

forearms

hands

hands

legs

Point to and say the parts of the body in the photograph.

4

four

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 4

14/10/11 8:45

3 Label the organs. Complete the sentence. brain

heart

lungs

kidney stomach muscle intestines bone

Your organs

are inside your body. They make your body function.

4 Find and write the differences.

MODEL ANSWER (M. A.)

Peter

Mark

curly hair

straight hair

glasses

no glasses

large eyes

small eyes

braces

no braces

tall

short

slim

robust

green eyes

brown eyes

five 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 5

5 14/10/11 8:45

1

7

5 Solve the riddles about parts of the body. Then, number.

1

3

2

4

3  I am inside your body. I am a living thing. I grow with you. Bone . 4   Bones together here.   t .

8

1   I hold moveable ts together.   L igament . 2  I stretch and contract. I am attached to the bones inside your arm. Muscle .

6 Write T (true) or F (false). T  Bones can be long, short or flat. F   The femur is a short bone. T   The skull is a fixed t. F   Bones are not living things. T   Bones can grow. T   Moveable ts are found where the bones   move in one direction.

6

six

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 6

14/10/11 8:45

7 Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. A

B

biceps

triceps

Bones and muscles work together to move your body. Muscles are flexible. When the biceps

muscle contracts, the arm bends at the elbow.

When the triceps

muscle contracts, the arm stretches.

8 Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 5 1 1

T

R

2 3

I

C

4 8

The skeleton

L

I

P

S

2

K

N

E

E

R

A

U

R

V

E

R

T

E

B

4

S

K

U

L

L

5

F

E

M

3 6

E

W

R

I

S

T

7

E

L

B

O

W

G

A

M

E

N

T

6

7

8

is made up of bones and s the weight of the body.

seven 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 7

7 14/10/11 8:45

1 9 Look at the photographs of childhood. Unscramble and write sentences.

a.  drink

 

Babies

 

mother’s

 

11

their

 

milk

Babies drink their mother’s milk

b.  walk

learn

   

   

.

Babies

to

   

Babies learn to walk

.

12

c.  start

 

to

 

Permanent

Permanent teeth start to grow

 

grow

 

teeth .

10 Write A for adolescent or B for adult. A  They grow very quickly. B   They go out to work or look after the home. A   They start to grow facial and body hair. B   Their body is fully developed. A   Their voice gets deeper.

8

eight

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 8

14/10/11 8:45

11 Put the stages of Sarah’s life in order. 5  Sarah’s muscles are weaker, but she still likes to do exercise. 1  Sarah learns to talk.

4  Sarah goes to work every day. She has got two children. 3  Sarah suddenly grows a lot and develops breasts. 2  Sarah’s milk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.

12 Draw ways to identify your friend.

iris

OPEN ANSWER (O. A.)

O. A.

fingerprint

teeth

O. A.

O. A.

signature

Exchange books. Your partner guesses who the friend is. nine 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 9

9 14/10/11 8:45

2

Unit

1 Write the senses. Then, draw the sense organs on the picture. sight

smell

hearing

3 taste

touch

taste touch

hearing

4 sight

smell

2 Label the diagrams of the inner eye and the outer eye. Lens

R etina

E yelashes

Eyelid

Optic nerve

Pupil

I ris

I ris

Pupil

C ornea

10

ten

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 10

14/10/11 8:45

3 Match the sentence halves. a.  Light enters the eye

helps the eye focus.

b.  The pupil is

a coloured ring.

c. 

captures the light.

The iris is

d.  The lens

through the cornea.

e.  The retina

the hole in the centre of the iris.

4 How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences.

a.

girl’s

a

flying

The

eyes

object

see

The girl’s eyes see a flying object

b. the

sent

through

to

.

This

optic

nerve

the

information

is

This information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve

c.

knows

a

and

brain

is

Her brain knows it is a bird and not a bee

it

Her

bird

brain .

a

not

bee . eleven

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 11

11 14/10/11 8:45

2 5 Label the diagram of the ear.

8

A P            inna

A

B S            mall bones

C

B

C C            ochlea D E            ar canal E E            ardrum F A            uditory nerve

F

E

D

6 Classify the parts of the ear. small bones Outer ear

  

9

ear canal

  

cochlea

  

pinna

  

Middle ear

ear canal

small bones

pinna

eardrum

eardrum

Inner ear cochlea

10

7 Write about different ways you can take care of your ears. M. A. You should keep your ears clean, dry your ears after having a shower or bath, visit the doctor if you have an ear infection, use large headphones that cover the entire ear and not listen to loud music. You should not use cotton buds.

12

twelve

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 12

14/10/11 8:45

8 Complete the sentences about hearing. eardrum

 

sound waves

auditory nerve

 

vibrates

  

ear canal

  

When a guitar string vibrates         

 

left

small bones it produces sound.

It sends sound                   waves

through

the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your left          ear first. The sound goes through the pinna and enters the          canal          . ear The eardrum         

vibrates when the sound reaches it.

The three small          bones         

make the sound louder.

The cochlea sends sound through the                   auditory nerve

to the brain.

9 Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain. 2  The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain. 3  The brain interprets the information. 1  The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea. 10 Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.

O. A.



O. A.

thirteen

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 13

13 14/10/11 8:45

2 11 Read the sentences about the sense of smell. Write T (true) or F (false).

14

T  The sense organ of smell is in your nose. F  We can distinguish five basic smells.

nose

T  The nasal cavity has special smell receptors. F  Odours enter the nose through the olfactory bulb. T  The inside of the mouth and the nose are connected.

nostrils

F  Taste and sight work together to distinguish different flavours.

nasal cavity

12 Label the tongue. Use these words. sweet

   

sour

   

bitter

   

bitter

umami

   

salty

sour salty

umami sweet

15

13 Complete the sentences and draw your favourite food. O. A. My favourite food is          . O. A. It has a         

flavour. O. A.

14

fourteen

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 14

14/10/11 8:45

14 Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text. S

O

F

T

I

E

M

M

G

L

W

R

F

V

S

E

N

S

I

T

I

V

E

I

E

S

G

Q

T

O

U

C

H

R

E

C

E

P

T

O

R

S

X

D

C

O

L

D

I

P

S

S

O

M

F

Y

E

G

Q

T

P

P

M

S

K

I

N

V

I

L

Q

B

F

I

N

G

E

R

T

I

P

S

W

P

The sense organ of touch is the   skin      . We distinguish different sensations through our t         r         . Our f         ouch eceptors ingertips and l         are very s         . The sense of touch allows ips ensitive us to distinguish whether something is dry or w         , et hot or c         , or hard or s         . old oft 15 Complete the table about the senses. Sense

Sense organ

What does it do?

sight

eye

It allows us to see.

taste

tongue

It captures flavours.

smell

nose

It captures smells.

touch

skin

It distinguishes sensations.

hearing

ear

It captures sounds.

fifteen 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 15

15 14/10/11 8:45

Unit

3

1 Draw a path between the living things to the finish line.

3

START   LION It eats, runs and sleeps.

 HELICOPTER It flies through the air.

4   ROBOT It can walk and talk.   SNAKE It slithers along the ground.

  WASP It is small. It can sting you.

  SUNFLOWER It produces its own food and needs sunlight.

  SNOWMAN It melts in the sunshine.

5

FINISH

s 2 Complete the sentences. Use these words. nutrients

   

nutrition

   

energy

a. Living things need food for the process of      nutrition         . b. Living things absorb              nutrients and be healthy. c. Food gives us                energy

16

from food to help them grow

w

to run, jump, play and think.

sixteen

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 16

14/10/11 8:45

3 Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal. carnivore

herbivore

    

    

omnivore

O. A.

4 Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis. a. b. c.

the

 

sunlight

 

is

 

leaves

 

from

 

Energy

 

taken through

Energy from sunlight is taken through the leaves taken through

 

and

 

Water

 

are

 

roots

. mineral

 

 

salts

 

the

Water and mineral salts are taken through the roots taken from

leaves

air

dioxide

the

. is

Carbon

the

through

Carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the leaves

.

5 Label the diagram of plant nutrition. sunlight

carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide mineral salts water sunlight

water/mineral salts

 

  The green substance in leaves mineral salts/water

chlorophyll is called             . seventeen

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 17

17 14/10/11 8:45

3 6 Read the text. Then, draw the next picture.

8

Look at the bee. It wants to sting the girl because she is near the beehive. The bee flies closer to the girl. The girl can hear the bee. She turns around. She sees the bee. What happens next?

O. A.

9

7 Look at the pictures. Complete the text about sensitivity. Use these words. eyes sense organs

   

   

muscles

nose    

   

nerves

living things    

ears

   

brain

Look at the panther. It is using its sense organs. It uses its        to hear the ears antelope. It uses its        to smell the antelope. It uses its        nose eyes

to see

the antelope. It wants to eat the antelope. The panther’s sense organs send information brain to the       

10

nerves through the        . The brain interprets the information. It

muscles sends a message to the leg       

and the panther jumps.

living things sense All               have sensitivity. People and animals use        organs        , muscles and the nervous system to respond to the environment.

18

eighteen

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 18

14/10/11 8:45

8 Complete the text and find the missing word. touch

  

leaves

  

light

  

day

  

water

  

night

Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment. Their roots grow towards  w  a   t e  r and their stems and   l  e  a  v  e s grow towards the   l i  g  h t . Some plants open their flowers during the  d  a  y and some at  n i  g  h  t . The leaves of some plants close if you t  o  u  c  h them. Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow. This life process is called s e n s i t i v i t y. 9 Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words. sunlight A

   

water

    B

nutrients

M. A. The roots of the plant grow towards the water. They absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The stem grows towards the sunlight. Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

10 Write animals and / or plants. a. They make their own food.                    plants animals and plants b. They need water to live.                    animals c. They eat living things.                    d. They need sunlight to make food.                   plants nineteen 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 19

19 14/10/11 8:45

3 11 Find and circle the words about reproduction in animals. male

 

female

 

mating

offspring

 

 

sexual

13 asexual

 

 

reproduction

O

F

F

S

P

R

I

N

G

G

T

M

X

E

B

S

E

V

S

A

J

D

P

A

M

M

S

E

P

X

P

E

N

H

X

T

A

A

E

N

I

L

U

C

S

A

M

I

L

L

N

X

R

P

I

A

F

U

A

N

E

E

A

S

E

X

U

A

L

B

L

G

R

E

P

R

O

D

U

C

T

I

O

N

Use two of the words to complete the definitions. a.   Sexual           

reproduction: the male and female mate to produce offspring.

b.   Asexual           

reproduction: animals do not mate to produce offspring.

12 Look at the animals and write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). Then, complete the sentences.

O V

V

O

14 V V

O

The offspring of viviparous animals grow inside their mother’s w   omb         . The offspring of oviparous animals grow inside an e            . gg

20

twenty

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 20

14/10/11 8:45

13 Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words. seeds

  

germinate

  

apple tree

  

carpel

  

grows

The apple tree grows      

    

The  carpel         of the flower turns into an apple. The apple grows.

flowers.

A new  apple             The apple has

 tree         grows.

 seeds          inside.

The apples fall to the ground and the seeds  germinate            . They grow small roots and a stem. 14 Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual. A

sexual

B

asexual

C

sexual twenty-one

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 21

21 14/10/11 8:45

4

Unit

1 Use the key to colour the vertebrates. Key

  

3 green

blue

green

  mammal   reptile   amphibian

red brown red red

yellow

  fish   bird

brown

4

2 What am I? Solve the riddles and write the animal. I breathe through lungs. My baby is called a calf. People make dairy products from my milk.

a. cow

I I I I

can’t walk when I am born. live in my mother’s pouch. When am older, I hop on two legs. live in Australia.

c. kangaroo

I am born from my mother’s womb. I have fur. I like to play with you and  go for walks. I live with people.

b. dog

fi

I am born on land. I spend a lot of time on the frozen sea in the Arctic. I have a lot of white fur to keep me warm. d. polar bear

Write another riddle about your favourite animal. O. A.

22

twenty-two

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 22

14/10/11 8:45

3 Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words. lungs

 

womb

 

bare

 

air

 

vertebrates

skeleton

 

 

viviparous

 

milk

Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates because they have a          made of bones. skeleton They are          because they are born from viviparous their mother’s          . They drink their mother’s womb milk bare          . They have          skin. They breathe through          so they need lungs to get oxygen from the          . This is why they come to the surface. air 4 Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions. wing

  

arm

  

fingers

  

ears

  

eyes

  

thumb

thumb arm

ears eyes

fingers

O. A.

wing

a. When do bats hunt? Bats hunt at night. b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt? They use their ears. c. How is a bat different from most other mammals? Bats are different from most other mammals because they can fly. twenty-three 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 23

23 14/10/11 8:45

4 5 Write similarities and differences.

8 Baby chimpanzee

Human baby   no fur

  fur

eyes at front of face

eyes at front of face

big brain

big brain





6 Complete the sentences about reptiles. Then, match them to the photographs. shell

    

slithers

oxygen

    

    

scutes

9

a. Its skin is protected by bony     scutes        . slithers        . b. To move, it     c. It is aquatic but breathes     oxygen        . shell         . d. To protect its body, it has a hard     A

C

D

B

7 Tick the animals that take care of their babies.

✓

24

✓

twenty-four

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 24

21/10/11 8:26

8 Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None. Reptiles

Birds

They breathe in oxygen through lungs.

All

All

They walk on legs.

Some

All

They lay their eggs on land.

All

All

They are vertebrates.

All

All

They have two wings and feathers.

None

All

They incubate their eggs.

Some

All

Their skin is covered with scales.

All

None

9 Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word. D 1

I

N

C

W

I

N

G

S

3

B

O

N

E

S

H

E

R

S

5

S

C

A

L

E

S

2

4

F

E

A

T

6

O

V

I

P

A

R

O

U

S

7

C

A

R

N

I

V

O

R

E

S

8

O

S

T

R

U

I

B

A

C

H

T

E

1. Birds sit on their eggs to … them. 2. … are the parts of a bird’s body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study … to find out about dinosaurs. 4. Birds’ bodies are covered in … . 5. Reptiles have … on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are … . 7. Animals that eat other animals are … . 8. An … is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly. dinosaurs Scientists think that birds are descended from          . twenty-five 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 25

25 14/10/11 8:45

4 10 Label the parts of the fish. dorsal fins caudal fin pectoral fin

gills

 

  

caudal fin

 

anal fin

 

13

dorsal fins gills

 

pelvic fin

anal fin

pectoral fin

pelvic fin

14 11 Unscramble and write sentences about fish. a. oxygen

  

through

  

breathe in

  

gills

  

Fish

  

their

Fish breathe in oxygen through their gills b. to

  

fins

  

use

  

Fish

.   

swim

  

their

Fish use their fins to swim

.

15 12 Draw the missing stage of the life cycle of a fish. Then, describe each picture. Eggs

Baby fish

Adult fish

O. A.

M. A. Eggs: Fish are oviparous animals. They lay many small eggs in water. These eggs have no protective covering. Baby fish: Baby fish hatch from the eggs. The baby fish grow into adult fish. Adult fish: Adult fish have bodies covered with shiny scales, and they swim using their fins. They breathe using their gills.

26

twenty-six

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 26

21/10/11 8:26

13 Mark the false sentences with a cross.  Young frogs grow from tadpoles.

✗  Frogs take care of their babies.  Frogs can breathe through their skin.  Tadpoles breathe through gills.  Frogs can breathe through lungs.

✗  Tadpoles do not have a tail. 14 Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.

O. A.  

O. A.

 

 

 

FROGSPAWN TADPOLE

TADPOLE WITH BACK LEGS

  TADPOLE WITH FOUR LEGS

YOUNG FROG

15 Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words. oviparous

   

lungs A

viviparous   

  

hatch B

womb   

  

breathe

egg   

  

incubate

skin C

O. A. twenty-seven 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 27

27 14/10/11 8:46

Unit

5

1 What are jellyfish like? Unscramble the words and complete the text. tersvtbnaerei

  

eas

  

lfaot

3 aesttencl

  

invertebrates Jellyfish are          . They live in the          sea

bell

but they are not

fish. They do not have fins.

mouth

They          with the float sea currents and use propulsion

tentacles

to move.

4

tentacles They have long          that can sting you! Label the parts of the jellyfish. Write bell, tentacles and mouth. 4

2 Read the clues. Complete the crossword about worms.

I

ACROSS 1. The … is a worm that can live inside the human body. 3. Some worms live in the … .

N

6

2

V

U

C

E

3

S

A

N

DOWN

L

R

5

D

2. The bump that is part of the reproductive system is called a … .

I

T

S

E

O

R

4. A worm has no skeleton; it is an … .

1

T

A

P

E

W

5

5. Worms' bodies are not hard, they are … .

E

B

F

G

6. Many worms live … and make tunnels in the soil.

L

R

T

R

L

A

O

U

T

U

M

E

N

M

D

28

twenty-eight

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 28

14/10/11 8:46

3 Label the photograph of the snail. A tentacles with eyes B flat foot for moving

E

C head D tentacles for the sense of touch

B

E hard, spiral shell for protection

C

D

A

4 Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences. F  Snails are arthropods.  Snails are molluscs. T  Snails eat plants.  T  Snails have soft bodies.  F  Snails have two feet.  Snails have one foot. F  Snails do not have shells.  Snails have a hard, spiral shell. Name a mollusc that does not have a shell.  M. A. slug 5 Write sentences about spiders. Use these words. legs

 

arthropod

 

spin webs

 

trap

 

catch

 

insect

 

eat

M. A. Spiders are arthropods. They have eight legs. Most spiders spin webs to trap insects. They eat the insects that they catch in their webs. Name two more arthropods.  M. A. centipedes, crabs twenty-nine 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 29

29 14/10/11 8:46

5 6 Circle the odd one out. Then, complete each sentence.

9

octopus       a. centipede  crab  spider  octopus   An    

worm        is not a     mollusc       .   A   

clam  scallop  worm  snail

b.

arthropod is not an            .

7 Read and draw the animals. A

B

C

O. A.

O. A.

a mollusc with a shell



a mollusc without a shell



O. A.



an arthropod

8 Match the sentence halves. Use the information to label the diagram of an insect. a.

Insects’ bodies are divided into

b.

The head contains

c.

The thorax contains

d.

The abdomen contains

eye



six legs and four wings. three main parts.



the organs.



the mouth, the eyes and two antennae.

antennae head

wings thorax legs

30

abdomen

thirty

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 30

14/10/11 8:46

9 Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write. adult

   

oviparous

   

cocoon

   

caterpillar

Butterflies lay eggs. They are oviparous           . O. A.

After many changes, it emerges as an

The offspring looks like a worm. It is called a

adult           butterfly.

caterpillar           .

O. A.

It covers itself in a cocoon           . Write the names of four other insects. M. A. ants                   

cockroaches                   

beetles                   

mosquitoes                    thirty-one

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 31

31 14/10/11 8:46

5 10 How is honey made? Match the photographs to the sentences. 1

2

3

4

11

12

5

6

13 4  After two to three weeks, the nectar is transformed into liquid honey. 2  The bees take the nectar to the beehive. 5  Other bees cover the honey with wax to preserve it. 1  The bee collects nectar from the flower.

6  A beekeeper collects the honey and wax. 3  Each bee puts the nectar in honeycomb cells.

32

thirty-two

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 32

14/10/11 8:46

11 Complete the diagram. Use these words. provide food sting

  

eat our clothes

  

pollinate plants

eat our clothes

  

eat dead plants

make honey and silk

damage crops

HARMFUL

sting

  

  

damage crops transmit diseases

  

provide food

USEFUL

INSECTS

transmit diseases

eat dead plants

make honey and silk

pollinate plants

12 Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.

✓

colour

✓

✓ colour

colour

13 Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect. O. A. O. A.

thirty-three

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 33

33 14/10/11 8:46

6

Unit

1 Look at the classroom. Use the key to colour the machines.

3

Key yellow

  carry things yellow   communicate

red red

  exert force

green

blue

  travel

4

2 Write the use of each machine. Use these words. exerting force

a.

  

carrying heavy objects

  

communicating

  

Shopping trolleys are used for carrying heavy objects

b. Electric screwdrivers are used for exerting force

travelling

.

.

5 c.

Motorbikes are used for travelling

d. Computers are used for communicating

34

.

.

thirty-four

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 34

14/10/11 9:01

3 Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words. a.

helicopter   train   boat   telephone

b.

saw   trolley   cart   wheelbarrow

c.

hammer   bicycle   drill   screwdriver

d.

telephone   computer   television   cart A         telephone

is used for communicating

.

A saw is used for exerting force

.

A bicycle is used for travelling

.

A cart is used for carrying heavy objects

.

4 These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart. Human energy

dishwasher

Electricity

broom

dishwasher

duster

vacuum cleaner

mop

washing machine washing machine

broom

duster

mop

vacuum cleaner

5 Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences. M. A. A   dishwasher     uses   electricity 

.

mop A         

uses human energy

.

duster A         

uses human energy

.

Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source. M. A. A television uses electricity. thirty-five 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 35

35 14/10/11 9:01

6 6 Use the key to colour the machines.

orange

green

8

Key

  human force

red

combustible   fuel

  wind

  electricity blue

red

9

7 Look at the photographs. Match the machines to the descriptions and write the energy source. A

Athletes use this to train before a race. It needs to be plugged in. The energy source is electricity

In this sport you travel over water on a board, holding a sail. You have no motor.

B

The energy source is wind C

.

10

In this sport you use a machine to catch fish. The energy source is human force

.

In this sport, drivers want to reach the finish line first.

D

The energy source is combustible fuel

36

.

.

thirty-six

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd

36

21/10/11

8:26

8 Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine. S S

red S C

C C

S 9 Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle. A

B

10 Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.

O. A.

O. A.

thirty-seven 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd

37

37 21/10/11

8:26

6

14

11 Match the pictures to the simple machines and to their use. A

lever

    To move heavy objects from a lower to a higher place.

ramp

    To lift heavy objects with a bar.

pulley

    To move things from one place to another.

B

C

15

D

wheel

    To lift heavy objects with a wheel and a rope.

12 Write the simple machines. a. A rope wrapped around a wheel.  pulley b. A solid disk that turns on an axle.  wheel c. A bar that rests on a pivot point.  lever d. An inclined plane.  ramp 13 Which simple machine could you use in each situation? a. You need to collect water in a bucket from a well. pulley b. A horse needs to get into a horse box. ramp

38

thirty-eight

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 38

14/10/11 9:01

14 Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures. A

B

3 There are    

1 compound machines in A and     compound machines in B.

15 Complete the sentences. Use these words. electric circuits

  

electronic circuits

  

motors

  

gears

B               can be electric or gas. They produce movement. Motors A             Gears  are wheels with teeth that produce movement. D              are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips. Electronic circuits C              have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through Electric circuits a machine. Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above. A

B

C

D

thirty-nine 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 39

39 14/10/11 9:01

Unit

7

1 Label the picture of planet Earth. Then, write the words next to the definitions.

3 continent

atmosphere

river

island atmosphere

lake river continent

lake

island

a. Land surrounded by water.  island b. A large area of land.  continent c. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth.  atmosphere

4

d. Water flowing from the mountains to the sea.  river e. An area of water surrounded by land.  lake Is most of the Earth covered with land or with water?  water 2 Complete the text about the Sun. Use the words. closer

   

life

   

star

star The Sun is the only         

   

5 heat

   

light

   

live

in the Solar System. The Sun is like other stars

in the sky, but looks bigger because it is          closer

to Earth.

The Sun gives the Earth          and          . heat light Without the Sun, the Solar System would be dark and cold. life There would be no          on Earth because live plants and animals need sunlight to         

40

and grow.

forty

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 40

14/10/11 9:01

3 Write the words under the correct photograph. light

  

star

light areas

  

dark areas Sun

  

  

planet

seas

  

  

crater

water

  

heat

 

air

  

Moon

Earth

light

light areas

seas

star

seas

water

heat

dark areas

planet



crater

air

4 Write Sun, Moon or Earth. a.  This star gives us the light and heat we need to live.  Sun b.  This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.  Earth c.  The seas on this satellite do not contain any water.  Moon 5 Solve these riddles about the Moon. The light regions on a photograph of the Moon. They are high areas. a.  high regions

You could not breathe on the Moon because there is none of this. b.  air

These were formed when asteroids or comets hit the Moon’s surface. d.  craters

On Earth they contain water, and on the Moon they do not. c.  seas

The Moon does not have any light, but it looks bright because it reflects light from this star. e.  Sun forty-one

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 41

41 14/10/11 9:01

7 6 Use the key to colour the Earth. Then, complete the sentence.

  night   

10 North Pole

  day

black

It is dark. It is night. I am North at the          

Pole.

yellow

South Pole

7 Match the sentences to the correct word. a.

The Earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way round.

b.

The Earth orbits the Sun.

c.

One complete orbit of the Sun takes 365 days.

d.

It causes the four seasons.

e.

The Earth spins on its tilted axis.

f.

It causes day and night.



11 ROTATION



12 REVOLUTION



8 Label the diagrams. Write revolution or rotation. A

B

revolution

rotation

9 Read the text about Earth revolution. Circle the correct words. Earth revolution causes the four seasons. The Sun’s rays reach the Earth at an angle because the Earth rotates on a level / tilted axis. In winter the angle is bigger, which means there is more / less heat. In summer the rays reach Earth more directly. This means there is more / less heat.

42

forty-two

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd

42

21/10/11

8:27

10 Label the Moon phases. full moon

full moon

  

new moon

waning moon

  



waxing moon

  

waning moon

waxing moon

new moon

Why does the Moon seem to change shape? M. A. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. However, we cannot always see all of the bright side. 11 Write T (true) or F (false). T  A lunar month has 28 days.

F  Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.

F  The Earth orbits the Moon.

T  The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.

12 Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw. Draw your school to the north. Draw a supermarket to the east. Draw a lake to the south. Draw a park to the west.

O. A.

forty-three 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 43

43 14/10/11 9:01

7 13 What do we use artificial satellites for? Look at the pictures and write. A

B

15

C

For telecommunications.

To create maps and globes.

For information about





the weather.

14 Label the Earth globe. Then, use the words to complete the sentences. North Pole

South Pole

Equator

Northern Hemisphere

16

Southern Hemisphere North Pole

Northern Hemisphere

Equator

Southern Hemisphere South Pole

Equator An Earth globe is the most accurate way to represent planet Earth. The            Northern divides the Earth into two halves: the            Southern and the           

Hemisphere            . The point on Earth that

North is farthest North is the           

Pole           

South that is farthest South is the           

44

Hemisphere            and the point

           . Pole

forty-four

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 44

14/10/11 9:01

15 Classify the continents and oceans. Indian   America   Atlantic   Europe   Pacific   Asia Africa   Oceania   Antarctic    Arctic   Antarctica Continents

Oceans

America

Indian

Europe

Atlantic

Asia

Pacific

Africa

Antarctic

Oceania

Arctic

Antarctica

16 Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.

ARCTIC OCEAN

EUROPE

ASIA

A TLANTIC

AMERICA PACIFIC OCEAN

OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

AFRICA

INDIAN OCEAN

OCEANIA

N W

E

S

ANTARCTIC OCEAN ANTARCTICA

forty-five 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 45

45 14/10/11 9:01

Unit

8

1 Write the state of the water under the photographs. A

3

B

solid

C

gas

liquid

2 Match the words to the sentences. Then, complete the diagram. melting

  

freezing

  

evaporation

  

condensation

a. When ice is heated and turns into liquid water.  melting b. When liquid water heats up and turns into water vapour.  evaporation c. When liquid water cools and turns into ice.  freezing d. When water vapour cools and turns into liquid water.  condensation

melting

ICE

46

evaporation

LIQUID WATER

freezing

4

WATER VAPOUR

condensation

forty-six

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 46

14/10/11 9:01

3 Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place. A



Wet clothes drying in the sun.

evaporation



When rain turns into ice.

freezing



When snow turns into water.

melting

When the bathroom mirror gets misty.

  condensation  

B

C

D

 

4 Write the different uses of water in the picture. M. A. A man is using water to have a shower. The dog is using water for drinking. The woman is using water to water the plants. Water is being used to water the crops on the farm. The plants and crops need water to live. Water is being used in the factory. The man is using the water in the river for fishing. forty-seven 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 47

47 14/10/11 9:01

8 5 Complete the table about salt water and fresh water.

8

Salt water Where is it found?

seas and oceans

Fresh water rivers, streams, lakes

How much salt does it contain?

a lot

very little

What is it used for?

industrial uses

for drinking

Do we drink it?

no

yes

Is it treated at desalination plants?

yes

no

6 Match the sentence halves. Then, write the complete sentences. a.

Fresh water is found in

very expensive.

b.

There is very little salt in

the seas and the oceans.

c.

Most of the water on Earth is in

fresh water.

d.

Salt is eliminated from

salt water at desalination plants.

e.

Desalted water is

rivers and lakes.

9

Fresh water is found in rivers and lakes. There is very little salt in fresh water. Most of the water on Earth is in the seas and the oceans. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants. Desalted water is very expensive.

7 How can we save water? Write three ways.  M. A. Have a shower instead of a bath. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Only use the washing machine when you have a full load.

48

forty-eight

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 48

14/10/11 9:01

8 Complete the sentences. aquifers

 

snow

 

sand

groundwater

 

 

fresh

 

wells

 

rocks

rain

 

There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is also          water beneath the surface. fresh This is called          . Groundwater comes groundwater from          snow

and          . The water rain

goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces rocks between         

sand and     

   

below.

aquifers     . Here it collects and forms large deposits called     People extract the water by building          . wells 9 Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring. Winter

Spring

In winter , temperatures are low in



In spring ,temperatures are warmer.

mountain regions. Water becomes ice



The snow and ice melt and turn into liquid

and snow. Large pieces of ice called



water again. Trees and plants grow. There

icebergs float in the ocean.



are flowers.

Where are the coldest areas on Earth?          North Pole

            South Pole       forty-nine

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd

49

49 21/10/11

8:27

8 10 Put the sentences in order to describe how clouds are formed.

12

1  Water from the oceans, lakes and rivers heats up.  

condensation

4  Water vapour cools down and condenses.   5   Condensed water turns into tiny water droplets.   3  Water vapour rises into the cold atmosphere.   2  Water evaporates to form water vapour.

water vapour

6  Water droplets form clouds which move with the wind.   Label the diagram. Write evaporation, water vapour and condensation.

evaporation

11 Complete the text. Use the words to complete the crossword. When rain falls on the land, it forms   streams           . They flow into r    ivers             , which flow into the s    eas            

and

o    ceans             . Sometimes rainwater and snow sink deep into the ground and form a    quifers            . Water in w    ells             and s    prings             O

comes from these. C

E

A

N

S

N

G

Q U S

P

R

I

S

E

F

T

A

E

R

S

R

I

V

E

R

S

A

S

M W

50

E

L

L

S

fifty

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 50

14/10/11 9:01

12 Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle. 1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates. 2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets. 3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land. 4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans. 5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.

O. A.

fifty-one 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 51

51 14/10/11 9:01

9

Unit 1

4

Use the key to colour the chart showing the composition of air. green 100 Key   = oxygen % of each gas

  = nitrogen

orange

  = carbon dioxide (and other gases)

blue 0

Gases in air

2 Complete the sentences about the gases in air. Nitrogen a.               is the most abundant gas in air. Oxygen b.               is the second most abundant gas in air. Carbon dioxide c.               is a very small part of air. 3 What is air used for? Write the numbers on the picture. 1   hearing 

 

2   burning 

 

3   flying 

 

4   photosynthesis 

 

5   breathing

5

2 3

3

5

6

1 4 2

52

4

5 3

fifty-two

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 52

14/10/11 9:01

4 Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description.   A

B



Air has / doesn’t have its own shape or volume.

Air has / doesn’t have weight.

Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is             . invisible 5 Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences. F  The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth. T  We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.   T  Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere.   F  The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. The upper part of the atmosphere contains very little oxygen. 6 Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.

upper part

lower part





fifty-three 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 53

53 14/10/11 9:01

9 7 Match the sentence halves about weather. a. Weather is

10 temperature, precipitation and wind.



b. Weather refers to different things, such as c. When temperatures are low,

the weather is hot.



the weather is cold.



d. When temperatures are high,

the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.



11 8 Look at the photographs and complete the sentences. A

B

This is snow

.

Water falls as   frozen   snowflakes 

C

This is hail

.

Water falls as small .

The temperature

pieces of ice

.

.

Water falls as liquid .

The temperature

is   cold 

This is rain

.

The temperature

is cold

.

is hot or cold

.

9 Complete the definitions for these types of wind. Use these words. light

  

strong

  

extremely strong

  

cold

  

mild

  

cold

strong cold a. A gale is a           wind. The temperature is           . extremely strong cold or mild b. A hurricane is an           wind. The temperature is           . c. A breeze is a light           wind. The temperature is           . cold or mild

54

fifty-four

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 54

14/10/11 9:02

10 Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer. a. In summer O. A. b. In winter O. A. The climate is mountain

, coastal

.

, continental

O. A.

11 Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols. sunny  B

A

cloudy   C

And now the weather for today. In the south, it will be very sunny. In the north it will be cloudy with light winds. In the east, it will be sunny at first. Then it will become cloudy. In the west, there is rain that will get heavier as the day progresses.

windy  D

rain  E

hail  F

What a cold day it is today! In the north, it is very cold and we predict snow in the mountains. In the south, it is cloudy. In the east, it is windy and very wet. There may be gales, so stay inside! In the west, it is cold and there will be hail storms.

BC

F

F

AB CD

D A

snow

E A

A B

fifty-five 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 55

55 14/10/11 9:02

9 12 Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.

14

brown or orange

green

a deciduous tree in summer

      

a deciduous tree in autumn

15

13 Read the descriptions. Write the season. a. It is the mildest season. It often rains but it is warm. The countryside changes colour as pretty flowers and green grass start to grow. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights are the same length. At the end, the days spring are longer and the nights are shorter.            

b. It is mild at the beginning but then gets colder. The countryside is pretty because the leaves change colour. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights autumn are the same length. At the end, the nights are longer.             c. It is the coldest season and there is sometimes snow. At the beginning of the season, the days are shorter and the nights are longer.             winter

16 d. It is the hottest season. It doesn’t rain very much and the countryside gets dry. At the beginning of the season, the days are longer and the nights are shorter. At the end, days and nights are the same length.             summer You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.

56

21st December winter



21st March spring

21st June summer



21st September autumn

fifty-six

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 56

14/10/11 9:02

14 Complete the chart for your region. Spring Temperature

O. A.

Precipitation

O. A.

Summer

Autumn

Winter

15 Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs. a. It measures temperature.

anemometer / thermometer

b. It measures wind speed.

thermometer / anemometer

c. It indicates wind direction.

weather vane / pluviometer

d. It measures precipitation.

pluviometer / weather vane

pluviometer

thermometer

anemometer

weather vane

16 There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain. It is summer. It is dry. It is very hot and there is no wind. Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season. O. A. fifty-seven 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 57

57 14/10/11 9:02

Unit

10

1 Look at the landscape. Write the features.

3

Dibujo a línea de un paisaje. No colorear. Hay una montaña,river un río, una planicie mountain aluvial. Un páramo, y un valle. Dejar espacio para que los alumnos puedan dibujar un pueblo, un embalse/un pantano, una colina y una carretera.

lake

valley

Draw and label a village and a road. O. A.

4

2 Draw the climbers at the foot of the mountain. Summit

Slopes

Foot

O. A.

The highest part of the

The steep sides between

The lowest part of the

mountain.

the summit and the foot of

mountain.



the mountain.



Write the correct definitions under the photographs. The lowest part of the mountain. The steep sides between the summit and the foot of the mountain. The highest part of the mountain.

58

fifty-eight

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 58

14/10/11 9:02

3 Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.

 moor

✓  flood plain

✓  farm

✓  river

  road

✓  village ✓  crops

 valley

 mountain

✓  small hill

4 Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.

House

M otorway

K

C

T

U

N

N

E

L

U

H

O

U

S

E

C

E

F

R

W

X

C

Y

F

Z

M

O

T

O

R

W

A

Y

B

R

I

D

G

E

R

X

J

C

R

O

P

S

M

M

T unnel

Bridge

C rops

F arm

Are these features man-made or natural? man-made features

Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features? natural features fifty-nine

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 59

59 14/10/11 9:02

10 5 Label the picture of a coastal landscape. gulf

cliffs

cape

 

bay

 

archipelago

7 island

 

 

isthmus bay

  gulf

peninsula

island

peninsula

cape

archipelago

  

isthmus

8

cliffs

6 Match the words to the photographs. A

cliffs coastal plains low land

9

high land B

flat rocky sand

60

sixty

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 60

14/10/11 9:02

7 Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions. peninsula

 

archipelago

bay

 

 

island

 

gulf

 

isthmus

cape

 

a. A group of islands.              archipelago bay         b. A small gulf.      gulf         c. A large area of sea that bites into the land.      cape         d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.      peninsula e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.              isthmus f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula.              g. An area of land completely surrounded by water.      island         8 Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes. A

B

C

In A , there is an island and a bay. In B , there is an archipelago. In C , there is a peninsula and an isthmus. 9 Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape. Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists? O. A. O. A.

sixty-one

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 61

61 14/10/11 9:02

10 10 Use the diagram of the course of a river to complete the crossword.

12

1

L

6 2

1

S

E

upper course 5

5

R

middle course 4

lower course

4

A

3

K

6

E

S

M

O

U

T

H

R E

R

V

O

I

O

B

U

U

R

T

C

A

E

R

R

Y

3 2

Write upper course, middle course and lower course on the diagram.

11 Write upper course, middle course or lower course.

13

a. Here the river is wide and flows slowly. It is near the mouth of the river. lower course b. This is near the source where the river is narrow. The river flows through the mountains. It flows very fast. upper course c. Here the river flows through the plains. It has a lot of water and flows slowly. middle course

62

sixty-two

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 62

14/10/11 9:02

12 Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions. lake A

   

reservoir

   

river banks

B

C

a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks. M. A. poplar trees and reeds b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks? The soil is very fertile. c. What are dams for? To stop the flow of river water to create reservoirs. d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes? man-made lakes e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir? fresh water f. Name one use of water from a reservoir. M. A. drinking water g. Is water in lakes still or flowing? Water in lakes is still. h. What is a small lake called? A small lake is called a pond. 13 Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape. M. A. In the picture I can see a beach, a bay, mountains and the sea. There are lots of houses and buildings on the coast. There is a lot of vegetation. sixty-three 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 63

63 14/10/11 9:02

Unit

11

1 Look at the picture. Write about the characteristics of villages.

3

M. A.

Houses: The houses are low and only have one or two floors. Main square: The important buildings, for example the church, are there. Streets: They are short and narrow. They lead to the main square. Population: There are not many houses so the population is small. Jobs: There are farms so people work in farming. 2 Read the sentences about mountain villages. Circle the correct answers.

4

a. Mountain villages are built on mountain slopes or in valleys / in the suburbs. b. Houses in mountain villages are different from / the same as those on the coast. c. The walls are thin / thick to keep out the cold. d. They have sloping / flat roofs so that the snow falls off.

O. A.

e. The streets in mountain villages are steep and very wide / narrow. Imagine you live in a mountain village. Draw your house.

64

sixty-four

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

64

14/10/11

9:03

3 Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend, describing the village.

O. A.

















4 Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.

O. A.

     horse riding



O. A.



Which is your favourite sport? Why? O. A. sixty-five 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

65

65 14/10/11

9:03

11 5 Label the professions. Match them to the villages.

7

A

B

fisherman

farmer

Use these words to write sentences about the two villages. tourists

  

fertile

  

beaches

  

farms

  

fishing

  

flat

Village A is a coastal village. There is high land. Fishing is important in this village, and many people who live here are fishermen. Tourists visit this village.

8

Village B is a village on the plains. The land is flat and fertile, and there are farms. There are lots of houses and a castle. Tourists visit this village too. 6 Circle the correct words about housing estates. Housing estates are usually inside / outside village centres. They are groups of houses that look very similar / different.

66

sixty-six

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 66

21/10/11 8:30

7 Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city. The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.

O. A.

8 Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city. Advantages Lots of services

Disadvantages Lots of noise

Lots of jobs

Lots of pollution

Lots of things to do and see

Lots of traffic

Good public transport

Not much space

More schools and hospitals

Very busy sixty-seven

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

67

67 14/10/11

9:03

11 9 Match the parts of the city to the picture. Then, circle the correct words. historic centre

modern district

  

  

12

suburbs

a. The historic centre has narrow / wide streets and the buildings are modern / historic. b. The modern district has wide / narrow streets and the buildings are low / tall. c. The suburbs contain shopping centres and industrial estates / churches and cathedrals. 10 Which part of the city do you go to? historic centre a. You want to visit a cathedral.             modern district b. You want to visit your friend who lives in a flat in a tall building.             c. You want to go to a shopping centre.             suburbs 11 Look at the pictures. Write village or city. A

village

68

B

C

city

city

D

village

E

city

sixty-eight

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

68

14/10/11

9:03

12 Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. I study at St. Mary’s University. It is in the historic part of town, opposite the cathedral. I go with my brother. We get there by bus.

I play basketball in the sports centre. My Dad takes me by car. It is in the city centre, next to the modern art museum.

I work in the hospital. It is on Kings Road, next to the big supermarket. I go to work by car and park in the hospital car park.

Every evening, we go to visit my grandad in hospital. There is never any space in the hospital car park, so our Mum parks in the car park on Cambridge Street, opposite the theatre.

The university is in

The sports centre is in

The hospital is in

The car park is in

B-2 square        .

F-1 square        .

F-2 square        .

F-5 square        .

B

D

E

ET

5

C

cathedral hospital A

A

car park B museum

ROAD INGS

K

sports centre C

CAMBRIDGE STREET

HIGH

4

ET

E STR

STREET

D

RK MA

3

F

K PAR

REET

2

CH ST CHUR

1

C

D ROA

A

supermarket theatre

B university D

sixty-nine 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

69

69 14/10/11

9:03

Unit

12

1 Match the types of crops to the definitions. Write examples in the chart. a. 

Crop farmers grow plants to be transformed into other products in factories.

Food crops

b. 

Industrial crops

Crop farmers grow plants for food.



Food crops M. A.

3

Industrial crops

vegetables

sugar beets

cereals

cotton

fruit

wheat

2 Match the sentence halves about cultivation. Then, label the pictures A – E. a. The farmer ploughs



the plants with pesticides.

b. The farmer waters



the seeds.

c.

The farmer sows

d. The farmer sprays



the crops when they are ripe.



the fields to turn the soil.

e. The farmer harvests

4

the soil and fertilises it.

B

A

5 C

D

E

What is organic farming? Farms that do not use any chemical products.

70

seventy

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

70

14/10/11

9:03

3 Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions. A

The method of growing crops in dry areas. They do not need a lot of water.

irrigation B

Watering plants with water from rivers or lakes, using irrigation channels or sprinklers. dry crops 4 Classify the crops. grapevines grapevines

 

vegetables wheat

 

wheat

 

barley

 

rice

oats

corn

vegetables

DRY FARMING barley

 

 

oats

 

fruit

rice IRRIGATION

corn

fruit

5 How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences. M. A. a.

Tractors help farmers save time and energy.



They are used for many things, including adding fertiliser.

b.

Farmers grow crops in greenhouses. Greenhouses allow farmers to



control the amount of water, temperature and light. seventy-one

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 71

71 21/10/11 8:30

12

8

6 Match the photographs to the livestock. Then, write examples of products they provide for us. A

poultry

meat

B

pigs

meat

C

sheep

skins

meat

D

cattle

eggs

9

skins

meat, milk

skins

Name three jobs that stockbreeders use machines for. feeding their animals, milking their animals, cleaning barns and pens 7 Look at the photographs. Write I (intensive farming) or F (free-range farming). I

F

I

F

F

I

10

72

seventy-two

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

72

14/10/11

9:03

8 Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm. coastal fishing a. Fishermen fish near the coast.             b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh.             deep-sea fishing fish farm c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish.             deep-sea fishing d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast.             coastal fishing e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets.             deep-sea fishing f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines.             9 Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts. holes

A

surface

   

quarries

   

Miners extract minerals from          . quarries holes These are large, open          on the land. The minerals are near surface the         

of the Earth.

open mining

tunnels

B

lifts

   

minerals

   

Miners work in underground mines when minerals         

are deep beneath

tunnels the Earth. They dig deep          below the surface of the Earth and use lifts         

underground mining

to go up and down.

10 Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground. gold

 

wheat

 

coal

 

stone

 

wood

 

silver

 

silk

 

cotton

seventy-three 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

73

73 14/10/11

9:03

12 11 Circle the words related to forestry. Then, use these words to complete the sentences. S

T

T

F

O

C

X

L

F

Q

D

P

I

D

N

M

T

Q

A

M

L

U

M

B

E

R

J

A

C

K

U

E

B

V

W O

V

P

T

T

M

H

E

Z

E

U

O

Z

O

C

F

O

R

E

S

T

R

Y

R

I

K

A

R

S

J

R

B

G

Y

X

13

Forestry            is obtaining wood and looking after the natural resources in forests. A l umberjack            cuts down trees.   

is a person who

T imber            is wood from trees that have been cut down. It is used in building and making furniture.   This wood is transported to a f         where is it cut up.  actory

14

12 Read the sentences about making jam. Match them to the pictures. A Strawberries are collected from the field. B Lorries transport the strawberries to the factory. C The strawberries are made into jam. D On the assembly line, factory workers check the jam jars. E On the assembly line, the jam jars are put into boxes. F The manufactured product is ready for the shops.

74

15

C

F

A

E

B

D

seventy-four

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

74

14/10/11

9:03

13 Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.

14 Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological). a. steel

P

c. jeans

C

e. MP3 players

T

b. cars

C

d. computers

T

f. cement

P

Write one other thing produced by each industry. M. A. Primary fabrics



Technological mobile phones

Consumer shoes 15 Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air. b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets. c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products. d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities. seventy-five 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 75

75 21/10/11 8:31

Unit

13

1 Write the jobs. Then, tick the people who work in services.

lumberjack

 

4

  

 miner

cameraman

  ✓   

✓  police officer

5 builder

teacher

  ✓   

firefighter

 

  

  ✓   

2 Write Public or Private. Public a.          

services are provided by the government.

Private b.          

services are provided by individuals or private companies.

3 Circle the correct answers. a. Chloe is a dentist. She provides a health / transport service. She has three dental surgeries, one in Madrid, one in San Sebastian and one in Barcelona. People pay to go to her clinic. She provides a public / private service. b. Pauline works for the National History Museum in London. It is owned by the government. She provides a private / public service. She organises all the cultural activities related to the museum. She provides a sporting / cultural service. c. Mariano is a receptionist in a hotel in London. He provides a private / public service. He helps the guests check in and makes sure they enjoy their holiday. He works in cultural / tourism services.

76

seventy-six

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

76

14/10/11

9:03

4 Classify the jobs. Then, write one more job for each service. bus driver

 

museum guide

radio presenter

 

hotel receptionist

 

head teacher

Communications services

Cultural services

radio presenter newspaper reporter

museum guide librarian

O. A.

 

university professor

newspaper reporter

 

Educational services university professor head teacher

O. A.

 

pilot

 

librarian

travel agent

 

Tourism services

Transport services

hotel receptionist bus driver travel agent

O. A.

pilot

O. A.

O. A.

5 Complete the text about tourism, recreational and health services. Then, use the key to circle the services. sports centre

  

theme park

restaurant   

  

travel agency

doctor   

  

hotel

sports

My parents booked the holiday on the Internet, on the   travel      agency 

website. We are staying

in a big          . I like the Italian hotel         in the town. It has great pizzas. restaurant There are lots of         sports

activities

organised for families and their children at the                   . I love sports centre swimming. At the                   theme park there is a big pool with slides as well as lots of rollercoasters. There is also a         doctor in case anyone has an accident! Key



  Tourism   

  Recreational and sports   

  Health seventy-seven

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

77

77 14/10/11

9:03

13 6 These people work in trade. Match the words to the definitions. wholesalers

  

producers

  

consumers

  

8

retailers

  

traders

a.          buy products. Consumers b.          make products. Producers c.          are intermediaries between producers and consumers. Traders Wholesalers d.          are traders who buy large quantities of a product from producers and sell them to retailers. e.          are traders who buy products from wholesalers and sell them Retailers to consumers. 7 How does yoghurt get from the producer to the consumer? Look at the pictures and put the sentences in order.

9 3

2 1 5

4

4  The yoghurt is taken from the factory to the wholesaler by lorry. 1  Farmers get milk from the cows.

10

3  The milk is made into yoghurt in the factory. 5  Smaller amounts of yoghurt are taken from the wholesaler to the retailers: supermarkets, small shops and markets. 2  The milk is transported by lorry to the yoghurt factory.

78

seventy-eight

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

78

14/10/11

9:03

8 Sally’s new bike is broken. Her father tells her about consumer rights. Unscramble and write. a. product  

of  

good  

be  

and  

safe  

must  

quality  

The

The product must be safe and of good quality b. The  

must  

price  

be  

.

fair

The price must be fair

.

9 Complete the sentences. a. Wholesalers sell products to  R   E  T  A   I L  E  R  S . b. Cash or cards are forms of  P   A  Y M  E  N  T . c. We buy things in shops or on the  I   N T  E R  N  E  T . d. We can use   C  R  E  D   I  T  C   A  R  D  S to pay for things in shops and on the Internet, and to take money out of the bank. e.  B   A  N   K

 N  O  T E  S are paper money.

f. We take money out at a  C   A   S   H

 P   O I N  T  S .

Use the colour key to find the mystery word. E L E C T R O N I C    C O M M E R C E is shopping on the Internet. 10 What are some of the advantages of shopping on the Internet? M. A. It allows people to shop from home, so people who do not have much time or cannot walk well can shop easily. You can also compare prices easily. You can buy things from other countries. seventy-nine 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

79

79 14/10/11

9:03

13 11 Read, circle the correct answers, then draw.

13

14

a. Eddy lives on the island. He goes to school by bicycle. This is public / private transport. b. Michael lives on the mainland. He goes to school by bus. This is public / private transport. c. How can people and products reach the island? Draw two possible means of transport on the picture. M. A. drawings of an aeroplane and a boat 12 Complete the texts about means of transport. roads

a. 

  

traffic lights

Lorries are         private

  

motorways

private

  

means of transport.

They travel on         , which are very motorways traffic wide         . Motorways have no        roads b. 

public

  

flight paths

  

lights        .

15

airports

airports Aeroplanes take off and land from         . They travel along         flight usually         public c. 

tracks

  

public

        . They are paths

16

means of transport.

  

stations

Trains and underground trains are         public

means

of transport. They travel on railway         tracks

and

leave from and arrive at railway         . stations

80

eighty

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 80

21/10/11 8:31

13 Match the sentence halves. a. 

Personal communication sends information

b. 

The media sends information



to many people at the same time. to one person or a few people.

14 Draw two means of communication in each screen.

Personal communication

The media

O. A.

O. A.

15 What means of communication do you use every day? O. A. 16 Put the sentences about communications satellites in order. Telephones, radios and television use communications satellites to send and receive sound and images. 2  The sounds and image signals are captured by communications satellites. 4  People watch the football match on television in England. 1  The cameramen film the football match in Spain.

3  The communications satellites send these signals to England. eighty-one 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

81

81 14/10/11

9:03

Unit

14

3

1 Look at the pictures. Write which municipal services can solve each problem. A

Some of the lights in my street are broken.

Street lighting services can solve this problem.

The rubbish has not been collected for a week.

B

4

Rubbish collection services can solve this problem.

We have been waiting in the hospital for 3 hours because there are not enough doctors.

C

Health services can solve this

5

problem.

2 Which services need to improve where you live? We need to improve O. A. because

82

eighty-two

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

82

14/10/11

9:03

3 Make sentences about town councils. Write the sentences. a.  The mayor

make decisions in



b.  The local council

is the head of



c.  The mayor and the councillors



is made up of





the mayor and the councillors. the local council. the town hall.



The mayor is the head of the local council.



The local council is made up of the mayor and the councillors.



The mayor and the councillors make decisions in the town hall.

4 Complete the text about local elections. mayor

 

elect

 

four

 

election manifesto

 

candidates

 

vote

Citizens         local councillors every         years. You must be 18 years elect four vote candidates old or over to         . The people who want to be elected are called         . election They present an        

manifesto        

which explains what they will do if they

mayor are elected. The new councillors then elect one person to become the         . 5 Imagine you want to be elected as mayor. Write two things you will do on your manifesto. Then, draw one of your suggestions.

Manifesto When I am mayor I will:

O. A.

O. A.



eighty-three 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

83

83 14/10/11

9:03

14 6 You are a food hygiene inspector. Circle the problems in the restaurant in picture A. A

8

B

9

Look at picture B. Use these words to write sentences about good food hygiene. clean

  

personal hygiene

  

hands

  

rubbish

  

safe to eat

M. A. Picture B shows good food hygiene. The kitchen is very clean. There is no rubbish and all the surfaces are clean. The chefs have good personal hygiene. They are washing their hands and wearing gloves and hats. The food looks safe to eat. 7 Write F (fire service) or P (local police) next to their responsibilities.

84

P  protect people

F  help with floods

P  arrest criminals

F  put out fires

P  keep streets safe

F  prevent fires

eighty-four

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

84

14/10/11

9:03

8 Match the photographs to the sanitation services. A

water

C

street cleaning B

street lighting

D

parks conservation 9 Which municipal services are responsible for the problems in the pictures? Read, then write. Town planning services regulate the construction industry so that buildings are safe and carefully designed. Highway services are responsible for maintaining and repairing road signs and traffic signals. A

The road sign is broken. Highway services are responsible for the problem.

B

The building is not safe. Town planning services are responsible for the problem.

C

The traffic signals do not work. Highway services are responsible for the problem.

eighty-five 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 85

85 21/10/11 8:31

14 10 Look at the calendar of summer events in a small town. Answer the questions.

11

Summer Events 2011 25th June Swimming pool fun day! Venue: Sports centre Inflatable slides and games in the local swimming pool. For children up to 13 years old.

2nd July Music festival Venue: Main square A concert in the main square with lots of local bands and a famous, surprise music group.

16th July Book g Venue: Public library Two famous authors are coming to sign their new books in the local library.

30th July Football competition Venue: Sports fields All football lovers can come and play in our tournament! Each team will play 4 matches.

6th August Dinosaur exhibition Venue: Museum Come to look at our collection of dinosaur bones for free at the local museum.

20th August Mini marathon! Venue: All over town! Refreshments will be provided for participants.

a. Classify the events in the calendar. Cultural events

Recreational events

Music festival

Swimming pool fun day

Book g

Football competition

Dinosaur exhibition

Mini marathon

12

b. Which is your favourite event? Why? O. A. c. What other activities do you like to do in the summer? O. A.

86

eighty-six

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

86

14/10/11

9:03

11 Which cultural and recreational activities does your town hall organise? Which do you go to? Draw and describe. Think about museums, concerts, festivals, sports centres and libraries. O. A. O. A.



12 You are the Mayor. Make a decision for your town. Every year there is a music concert in the town square. Famous musicians and singers come to entertain the people. This year, the people who live in the town square complain they cannot sleep. The town square, the bullring and the football pitch are the only places large enough to hold a concert. a. Will you keep the concert in the town square? O. A. b. How can you make everybody happy? O. A. eighty-seven 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

87

87 14/10/11

9:03

Unit

15

1 Look at the pictures and write past, future or present. A

3

B

C

What happened before now:

What is happening now:

What will happen later:

past

present

future

2 Make your personal history card. How old were you when you did these things? O.A.

PERSONAL HISTORY

I learnt to walk: I learnt to talk:

ME

I went to school:

O. A.

4

I read a book: I lost my first tooth: I met my best friend:

Name:

I went on my favourite holiday:

Date of birth:



Place of birth:



Nationality:



5

Add two more important events.

88

eighty-eight

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 88

21/10/11 8:31

3 Look at the photographs. Label the type of historical record. written

pictorial

    

A

    

B

written

C

physical

D

pictorial

E

written

physical

F

physical

pictorial

What do historians use historical records for? To find out about the past. 4 Use colours to match the time periods. A WEEK

A DECADE

A CENTURY

A YEAR

A MILLENIUM

10 years

1000 years

12 months

7 days

100 years

5 Complete this personal time line with important events in your life. Draw or write. O. A. I started primary school.

I was born. 2

4

6

8

10

12

Age

eighty-nine 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

89

89 14/10/11

9:03

15 6 Match the traditions to the photographs. crafts

   

9 dance

   

music

7 Circle the odd word out. FESTIVAL    battle    decade    patron saint    religion TRADITION    craft     song     monument     costume

8 Choose a festival where you live and complete the webpage.

10

FESTIVAL:

Traditional activities:

Place: Date:

O. A.

Celebration of:

90

ninety

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

90

14/10/11

9:03

9 Think about where you live. Answer the questions and use the information to design your coat of arms. O. A. What historical monuments are there?  What special symbols are there?  What special traditions are there?  What is the landscape like? 

O. A.

10 Look at the historical monuments. Put them in order from the oldest to the most modern. 3

2

1

Why is it important to preserve historical monuments? M. A. It is important to preserve historical monuments so we can find out how people lived in the past. ninety-one 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 91

91 21/10/11 8:31

15

13

11 Read about these people. Write thousands of years ago, hundreds of years ago or nowadays. I live in a very big castle made of stone. I travel on horseback and fight important battles. a.  hundreds of years ago I live in a flat in the suburbs. I work as a doctor in the centre of town. I go to work by bus.

O. A.

b.  nowadays I live in a hut made of branches and animal skins. I hunt animals in the forest, fish in the river and pick wild plants in the forest. I walk everywhere. I cook over an open fire. c.  thousands of years ago Now, draw one of the characters. 12 Complete the text about life hundreds of years ago. Use the words. millers cart

     

common people noblemen

  

  

castle

farmers   

  

horses

blacksmiths

noblemen Hundreds of years ago,          lived in big castles and common people the                   lived in small villages. They built their villages next to the          castle

14

for protection.

horses They did not ride on          . They walked, or travelled cart Blacksmiths by          or boat. There were different professions.          farmers things out of iron,         

92

millers grew crops and         

made

made flour.

ninety-two

401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

92

14/10/11

9:03

13 Look at the town hundreds of years ago and as it is today. Complete the table. A

B

M. A.

Hundreds of years ago

Nowadays

Transport

Horses, carts, by foot

Trains, cars, taxis

Buildings

castle, low houses

tall

Houses

small, one storey

larger, flats

Jobs

farming

jobs in services

Roads

narrow

wide

Monuments

castle, church

castle, church

Population

small

much bigger

14 Is there a museum where you live? What things can you see there? O. A. ninety-three 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd

93

93 14/10/11

9:04

Let's do it!

YOU NEED 4 plants (the same species and the same size)

Plant nutrition

A large, plastic bowl with an airtight lid

INSTRUCTIONS

Labels

1 Help your teacher prepare a class experiment.

1

Plant A. Label the plant CONTROL. Leave the plant in the classroom window for 2 weeks, in the light. Water it every day.

Plant B. Label the plant NO WATER. Do not water it. Leave the plant in the window next to Plant A, in the light.

Plant C. Label the plant NO LIGHT. Put the plant in a dark cupboard. Water it every day, but do not bring it out into the light.

Plant D. Label the plant NO AIR. Put the plant inside a bowl and shut the lid tightly. Put it next to Plant A. Water it everyday.

2

3

4 2 Observe the plants for two weeks. Copy the chart in your notebook. Write down what has happened to the plants at the end of each week. PLANT A End Week 1

End Week 2

O. A.

PLANT B End Week 1

End Week 2

5 PLANT C

End Week 1

End Week 2

PLANT D End Week 1

End Week 2

What colour is it? Is it withered? Has it grown? Other observations

Complete the sentence. Plants need sunlight, water and carbon dioxide from air

94

in order to live.

ninety-four

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

94

21/10/11

8:31

Term 1 Dancing sounds

YOU NEED

INSTRUCTIONS

1 Stretch the cling film tightly over the big bowl.

A big bowl Clear cling film Tissue paper (different colours if possible) A CD player and a variety of music

2 Make small balls with the tissue paper. Place the balls on the cling film.

3 Put the bowl next to the speaker of the CD player. Play some music.

4 Gradually increase the volume of the music. The paper balls will begin to move.

5 Try different kinds of music. Does your favourite music make the balls move? How loud does the music need to be for the balls to move?

How does it happen? The vibrations from the CD player make the air around it vibrate. When the music is louder, the vibrations are stronger. These vibrations make the cling film on the bowl vibrate. This is why the balls of paper move. Different types of music produce different vibrations. Some music will make the cling film vibrate when the volume is low, and some music will make the cling film vibrate when the volume is loud.

enter through the pinna and travel through Describe how sound waves enter the ear.  They the ear canal. The ear drum vibrates and the cochlea receives the sound vibrations.

ninety-five 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

95

95 14/10/11

8:49

Read ! and do Menacing mosquitoes You know that mosquitoes are tiny,

lays up to 250 eggs, which hatch after

irritating insects and that they can bite

two to three days. She needs the protein

you. But did you know that one type of

from human blood to produce her

mosquito, the Anopheles, is responsible

eggs. For this reason, only the female

for more human deaths than any other

mosquito bites people.

living creature? This is because it can carry and transmit malaria, a deadly

However, she doesn’t bite just anybody. She prefers blonde people and children. 

disease.

And be careful! She navigates by

Anopheles mosquitoes live near water,

following odours, so she is more likely

usually in hot, humid climates. They

to bite you if you are eating a banana

breed very quickly. The female mosquito

or doing exercise!

1 Write T (true) or F (false). F Mosquitoes are molluscs.

F Mosquitoes do not lay many eggs.

T Mosquitoes can carry diseases.

F All mosquitoes bite people.

T Mosquitoes are oviparous.

T Mosquitoes are more likely to bite people with strong odours.

1

2 Label the parts of the mosquito. Write the letter.

C

D

E head A abdomen

B E

D antenna B wing C thorax

A 96

F

2

F legs

ninety-six

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

96

14/10/11

8:49

Term 1 Dolphin therapy Dolphins are very social creatures. They

Research has shown that dolphin

are also very intelligent and can be

therapy can increase a patient’s

trained easily. They are sometimes used

attention span up to four times and

to help people who suffer from certain

make them more aware of their

mental and physical conditions. This is

surrounding environment.

called dolphin therapy.

There are many dolphin programmes all

A therapist and a dolphin trainer

over the world. What a fun way to help

work together with the dolphin and

people feel better!

the patient to improve many different things, including language, movement, self-confidence and the ability to relax. Dolphins like affection. They do not mind if people cannot walk or talk. The happiness that patients feel when swimming with dolphins helps them to be more positive about themselves.

1 Answer the questions. a. Why are dolphins used for therapy?  Because they are very intelligent and they can be trained easily. b. What kind of conditions may be helped by dolphin therapy?  Mental and physical. c. What are the benefits of dolphin therapy?  It increases a patient's attention span, it improves language, movement, self-confidence and the ability to relax. d. Where can patients go for dolphin therapy?  All over the world.

2 Find out more about dolphin therapy on the Internet. Make a poster. Include pictures and explain the advantages of this therapy.

ninety-seven 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

97

97 21/10/11

8:31

Let's do it!

Make your own weather station

Clowns

Pluviometer 1

Match the body parts to the clown. YOU NEED

An empty plastic bottle A ruler A marker pen Scissors Tape Stones

INSTRUCTIONS

1 Cut the top third off a plastic bottle. Put some stones in the bottom of the bottle.

2 Turn the top part upside down and place it inside the bottom part.

Draw two clowns moving.

2 3 Mark a scale on some tape and stick

it to the bottle. Mark centimetres using the ruler.

4 Place your pluviometer outside and away from trees. Secure it so that it doesn’t blow over in the wind.

5 At the same time every day, measure how much rain is collected. Empty the bottle after measuring.

98

Anemometer YOU NEED 4 small plastic or paper cups 4 plastic drinking straws Tape A drawing pin A pencil with a rubber at the end INSTRUCTIONS

1 Form a cross shape with the straws and tape them together.

2 Staple the side of a cup to the end of each straw. The open ends of the cups must face the same direction.

1

3 Push a pin through the centre of the straws and into the rubber on the pencil.

4 Put a mark on one of the cups so that you can count how many times the anemometer rotates. The more times it spins per minute, the faster the wind.

5 Check it spins easily by blowing on the cups.

6 At the same time every day, count how many times the anemometer spins in two minutes.

2

3

ninety-eight

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

98

14/10/11

8:49

Term 2 Make a machine

1 Look at this incredible machine. Use the key to circle each type of simple machine.   lever   

  ramp   

  wheel

What do you think it is used for? O. A.

2 Design a new machine made up of simple machines. Think about the parts, the materials and what your machine is used for.

3 Give your machine a name. Label the parts and the materials. Then, try and make your machine! Use paper, cardboard, glue and plastic.

ninety-nine 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

99

99 21/10/11

8:31

Read ! and do Water power

Clowns

Have you ever visited a reservoir and

hydroelectric power

seen a hydroelectric power station?

stations can produce

lot of electricity very Match the body parts to the aclown.

1 It is a spectacular sight to see water

falling from a great height over a huge

cheaply and they do

dam. The water is not only beautiful,

not pollute the

but useful: it helps produce electricity

atmosphere. There are

for industry and our homes. The force of

other advantages as

the falling water drives machines called

well. Look at the photo of the Hoover

turbines. These turbines drive motors

Dam, Colorado. It is such an impressive

that produce electricity.

sight that it is a big tourist attraction.

Dams are expensive to build, however water

People come from all over the country to

power has many advantages: water is free because reservoirs fill up with rainwater;

see this beautiful place and to practise various water sports on the reservoir.

1 Put the process of electricity production in order. 3 turbines drive motors  2 water drives turbines  1 water falls  4 electricity is produced

1

Draw two clowns moving.

2 2 Answer the questions.

a. What are the advantages of hydroelectric power? Hydroelectric power can produce

2

a lot of electricity very cheaply and it does not pollute.

b. Where does the water come from? The water comes from reservoirs that have

filled up with rainwater.

3

c. What other ways do you know of producing electricity? O. A.



4

3 Did you know that beavers also make dams? Why do you think they do this? M. A. For protection against predators and to store food.

5



100

a hundred

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

100

14/10/11

8:49

Term 2 Out of this world Nowadays, many people book holidays,

Perhaps one day there will be lots of

hotels and flights on the Internet. But

hotels in space and people will go on

did you know that you can book a

space holidays with their families.

journey into outer space? And you don’t

Imagine, maybe one day your school trip

have to be an astronaut!

will be to the Moon!

There are now several companies offering trips in spaceships for tourists. These trips will take people into space as tourists, not scientists. Just imagine what space travel can offer! Tourists will see the Earth as a beautiful blue sphere and maybe even put on a special space suit and float for a few minutes outside the spaceship. They will experience life thousands of miles away from Earth.

1 Does your family book any holidays on the Internet? Where to? O. A.

2 Why do astronauts go into space? M. A. To do research so we can find out more about the Universe.

3 Do you think tourist spaceships will be different from astronaut spaceships? M. A. Tourist spaceships won’t contain scientific tools and machines.

4 What would you like to do on a space holiday? O. A.

5 Design a space holiday. Make a poster. Include information about your spaceship, spacesuit, the hotel, what you will take with you and what you will do. a hundred and one 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

101

101 14/10/11

8:49

Let's do it!

YOU NEED

Make a futuristic city

Clowns

1

Paper

Tape

Cardboard

Glue

Paints

Match the body parts to the clown.

1

2 2

3

Draw two clowns moving.

4

5

6

INSTRUCTIONS

1 Discuss with your classmates what you think your town will be like in 400 years’ time.

2 In groups, design a futuristic city. Think about the buildings, the jobs, the means of transport, etc. Draw your futuristic city on a poster.

3 Choose a part of the city to make. Use cardboard, paper, tape, glue and any other materials available.

4 Put your models together to make a class futuristic city.

102

a hundred and two

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

102

14/10/11

8:49

Term 3 Write using Egyptian hieroglyphs

YOU NEED Paper

Clay

Pencil

Ink pad

Modelling tool Did you know that the Ancient Egyptians had a writing system over 5,000 years ago? The Ancient Egyptian alphabet has over 700 signs, called hieroglyphs. Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents letters or sounds. We can

Hieroglyphs are read from top to bottom, left to right or right to left, depending on the direction the people or animals are facing. For example, if an animal hieroglyph faces right, you read from

learn a lot about the life of Ancient

right to left.

Egyptians from writings that have

Why don’t you have a go at writing your

survived.

name using our Top Science hieroglyphs?

INSTRUCTIONS

1 Look at the hieroglyphs below and use them to write your name. 2 Roll out some clay. Copy each hieroglyph onto the clay using the modelling tool. 3 Cut out each of the hieroglyphs from the clay. 4 Use the hieroglyph stamps to stamp your name on a piece of paper with ink. You can use different colours for each one.

5 Practise stamping your name from top to bottom, left to right and right to left. 6 Swap stamps with your classmates and see what other words you can write in hieroglyphs.

a hundred and three 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

103

103 14/10/11

8:49

Read ! and do Pushing back the sea: reclaimed land

Clowns

The Earth’s population is increasing, and

owned. Some of the land will be used

we are running out of space. One way to

for housing, some for shops and hotels,

some as transportation islands Match the body parts to the and clown.

1 solve this problem is by building high-

rise flats and skyscrapers. Another way

where you will be able catch a boat to

is to reclaim land from the sea.

mainland Dubai.

Land reclamation is the creation of

However, the climate on The World

new land from the sea for building or

islands does not reflect the climate of

agriculture. Two thousand years ago the

the real world. You will not find any

Dutch began to extend the Netherlands by

polar bears at the North Pole in Dubai!

reclaiming land from the sea. Now, about 27 percent of the Netherlands is below sea level. The sea water is held back by huge walls called dikes. Another spectacular example of land reclamation is The World in Dubai, which is a group of approximately 300 man-

1

made islands that form the shape of a

Draw two clowns moving.

2 world map. The islands are all privately 1 Circle the correct answer.

a. The world population is getting bigger / smaller.

2

b. Reclaimed land is land that used to be below the sea / land that people have to buy. c. About one quarter / a half of the Netherlands is below sea level nowadays. d. The islands in The World belong to Dubai / private people.

2 Imagine you can buy an island in The World. Which island do you want to buy? Explain.

3

Think of the size, the name, and what you want to build on it. O. A.

104

a hundred and four

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

104

14/10/11

8:49

Term 3 Can you read an egg? Have you ever noticed that there is

around much or go outside. However,

a code on every egg that you buy in

eggs from battery hens are cheaper.

the supermarket? Do you know what the

So next time you see an egg in the

numbers and letters mean? With

supermarket, look to see where it comes

this code, we can find out exactly

from. You might be surprised!

where the egg came from, and even the type of farming used to produce it! Have a look at the diagram to find out more. Organic or free-range eggs have codes starting with 0 or 1. Free range eggs come from hens that enjoy sunlight, air

1st digit Method of farming: 0  Organic 1  Free-range 2  Barn 3 Cage or battery

and space to move around in. Cage or battery hens are kept in very cramped conditions in barns. They cannot move

0UK12345

Last digits Farm of origin: Region Town Individual farm code

2nd and 3rd digits Country of origin: UK – United Kingdom ES – Spain, etc.

1 Name the method of farming and country of origin of an egg with these codes. a. 0FR23765                        Organic b. 2ES98263                        Spain Barn United Kingdom Free-range c. 1UK12654                       

2 Write the first three digits of the codes for the following eggs. OPO a. An egg from an organic farm in Portugal.            b. An egg from a battery hen in Italy.            3IT c. An egg from a barn hen in Albania.            2AL

3 Copy and complete the table with advantages and disadvantages of each farming method. M. A.

Free-range farming

Intensive farming

Advantages

Animals are happier.

It is cheaper.

Disadvantages

It is expensive.

Poor conditions for animals.

a hundred and five 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

105

105 14/10/11

8:49

s Project and games

Make a Top Science log book You are going to make a log book that you can add to at the end of each unit of the Student’s Book.

At the start of the school year: Design the front cover. Draw a picture on a sheet of A4 paper. Write the title: TOP SCIENCE LOG BOOK.

At the end of each unit: Read through the unit and think about what you have learnt. Choose the two facts or ideas that you found most interesting or surprising. Draw a picture of each one on a sheet of A4 paper. Make them bright, colourful and scientific! Write two sentences about each fact or idea underneath the pictures. On the other side of the paper, write four questions related to the unit. Write the answers underneath. Staple your log pages together as you complete them.

106

a hundred and six

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

106

14/10/11

8:49

s Project and games

Science quiz and class wall display After every unit, make four question cards. Write the four questions from your Top Science log book on small pieces of card. On the back of each question card, write the answer. Use your question cards to play this Science quiz after each unit.

Quiz rules Divide the class into two teams: Team A and Team B. Change teams for each unit.

Your teacher sets a time limit. When the time is up, the team with the highest score wins.

Team put their question cards together, making sure none are repeated.

The winning team designs the page for that unit for the class wall display. They copy the page on a large sheet of paper. Display it on the wall.

A member of Team A asks Team B one of their questions. Team B discusses the answer. Each team then takes it in turn to ask the other team a question. Every team member should ask at least one question during the game. Scoring:

At the end of the year, all 15 units will have a page displayed on the classroom wall. Keep your question cards for the board game on the next page.

Correct answer = 1 point Incorrect answer = 0 points

a hundred and seven 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

107

107 14/10/11

8:49

FINISH

100

99

98

97

96

9

81

82

83

84

85

8

80

79

78

77

76

7

61

62

63

64

65

6

60

59

58

57

56

5

41

42

43

44

45

4

40

39

38

37

36

3

21

22

23

24

25

2

20

19

18

17

16

1

1

2

3

4

5

START

108

a hundred and eight

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

108

14/10/11

8:49

95

94

93

92

91

86

87

88

89

90

75

74

73

72

71

66

67

68

69

70

55

54

53

52

51

46

47

48

49

50

35

34

33

32

31

26

27

28

29

30

15

14

13

12

11

6

7

8

9

10

Instructions for the game are on the next page.

a hundred and nine 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

109

109 14/10/11

8:49

s Project and games

Play the Top Science board game Preparation Make a counter for each player. Get into groups of 4. Divide all the question cards from the Science quiz between your group.

100

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

The objective of the game To be the first player to reach the end, square 100.

Play the game Place the question cards in a pile next to the board. Each player starts on square 1. The first player to roll a six starts the game. Take turns to roll the dice, moving your counter the number of squares shown on the dice. When you land on the top or bottom of an animal or object, pick up a card and answer the question. If you land on the BOTTOM of an animal or object and you answer the question correctly, move your counter up the animal or object to the top. For example, if you land on square 9 and answer the question correctly, move up the telescope to square 30. If you answer incorrectly, stay where you were. If you land on the TOP of an animal or object and you answer the question correctly, stay where you are. If you answer incorrectly, slide your counter down to the bottom of the animal or object. The first player to reach square 100 is the winner.

110

a hundred and ten

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

110

14/10/11

8:49

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

111

14/10/11

8:49

Top Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero. Writer: Sheila Robbie Science consultant: Almudena Sánchez García Managing editor: Sheila Tourle Editor: Jane Holt Proofreading: Julie Davies and Sheila Klaiber Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design Team: Interiors design: Jorge Gómez Tobar Cover design: Pep Carrió Cover illustration: Javier Vázquez Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés Technical director: Ángel García Encinar Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena Layout: Alfonso García, Hilario Simón Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera Illustrations: Ala de mosca, José Santos and José Zazo Photographic selection: Amparo Rodríguez Photographs:

A. Guerra; A. Jimeno; A. M. Laría; A. Real; A. Toril; A. Viñas; B. Cobeta; C. Díez Polanco; F. M. Guillén; F. Ontañón; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira; J. C. Muñoz; J. Escandell.com; J. Jaime; J. Lucas; J. M. Gil-Carles; J. Rosselló; J. V. Resino; Krauel; L. M. Iglesias; M. Blanco; M.ª D. Gonzalo; Michele di Piccione; P. Esgueva; Prats i Camps; S. Enríquez; S. Padura; X. S. Lobato; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Morales, SPL, Science Photo Library, Oscar García Bayerri, Barbara Strnadova, Roger Wilmshurst, Pedro Salaverría, B.&C. Alexander, Kelvin Aitken, Geoffrey Carr, ARCO/D. Usher, Tommy Kelly, R. Linke; CENTRAL STOCK; COMSTOCK; CONTIFOTO/UPPA; DIGITALVISION; EFE/Manuel H. de León; EFE/AP PHOTO/NASA/EIT; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Dirk Heinrich; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. PREYSLER; ISTOCKPHOTO; J. M.ª Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES; LOBO PRODUCCIONES/C. Sanz; NASA/F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFC; PAISAJES ESPAÑOLES; PHOTODISC; STOCK PHOTOS; STOCKBYTE; A. García; ESA/AGENCIA ESPACIAL EUROPEA/J. Huart; MATTON-BILD; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org)

© 2011 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L.

Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford OX1 ST United Kingdom

PRINTED IN SPAIN

ISBN 978-84-680-0068-8 289803 D.L.

401895 _ 0094-0112.indd

112

14/10/11

8:49