Type Of Synthetic Rubber 5n391n

Types of Synthetic Rubber Synthetic Rubber Types Synthetic rubber is a man-made rubber which is produced in manufacturing plants by synthesizing it from petroleum and other minerals. Synthetic rubber is basically a polymer or an artificial polymer. It has the property of undergoing elastic stretchability or deformation under stress but can also return to its previous size without permanent deformation. This page is about different synthetic rubber types. However, before understanding the types of synthetic rubber, it is desirable to learn about the kinds of rubber available in today's world.

Rubber Types- The Types of Rubber Rubber is a broad term used to refer to many types of different polymers, simply called the types of rubber that are all elastomers. Being elastomers mean they can be stretched out and will return to their original shape let gone. Natural rubber is the original and the first kind of rubber to be used by man- it is still used in different forms. Other than natural rubber, all the other types of rubber are synthetic or manmade. Some of the examples of such rubber types include Polychloroprene (generally sold by the trade name Neoprene); Polybutadiene; Poly(styrenebutadiene-styrene) rubber or SBS rubber; Polyisobutylene; Silicone among others. All these kinds of rubber made of synthetic polymers have been discussed in detail later in this page. However, before knowing about all these synthetic rubber varieties, get to know what is synthetic rubber and what are its chemical types.

What is Synthetic Rubber? Rubber in its native form is basically useless. It is only when certain chemicals are added, the rubber thus produced is used to make varied rubber products. Synthetic rubber is used as a substitute for natural rubber in many cases. Depending on the chemicals added and the properties associated with it, the synthetic rubber can be as hard as a bowling ball or as resilient as a rubber band or as soft as a sponge. When improved material properties are required, synthetic rubber is considered. Approximately 70% of all rubber used today are one from many synthetic rubber varieties.

What are the Chemical Types in Synthetic Rubber? Synthetic rubber is artificially made from petrochemical feedstocks. Crude oil is the principal raw material for different types of rubber in synthetic category. As opposed to natural rubber where there is only one chemical type, there are approximately 20 different chemical types of synthetic rubber, and within all of the types of rubber, there are different grades. The different types of rubber, especially the synthetic rubber types have their own individual properties and advantages. The industry chooses the rubber types which most clearly meet the demands of an intended use.

Types of Synthetic Rubber As is clear from the above discussion, there are about twenty different types of chemicals used for making different synthetic rubber varities. It is obvious that there are different synthetic rubber kinds. Some of the popular synthetic rubber types include the following.

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Acrylic Rubber (ACM) Butadiene Rubber (BR) Butyl Rubber (IIR) Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM)/ Hypalon Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Fluoroelastomers (FKM)/ Viton Isoprene Rubber (IR) Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) Polychloroprene (CR)/ Neoprene Polysulfide Rubber (PSR) Silicone Rubber (SiR) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

What Led to the Development of Synthetic Rubber? During the World War II, the United States was cut off from almost all of its sources of natural rubber in the Pacific. In order to meet the country's needs for this important material, the government built synthetic rubber plants and the

manufacturing industries operated them. Synthetic rubber production increased from 8,000 tons in 1941 to 820,000 tons in 1945. After the World War II, the government sold these synthetic rubber plants to the industries. After that there is no looking back. There are different types of synthetic rubber having different properties and manufacturers and suppliers are producing different range of rubber products which are used for commercial and industrial purpose. According to a research report, the global demand for industrial rubber products is estimated to rise to 4.3% annually through 2013 to $97.8 billion. For more information, check out Rubber Industry Global Overview

How is Synthetic Rubber Produced? Petrochemical feedstocks are the main raw material for producing synthetic rubber types. Crude oil is the principal raw material. Two types of gases too contribute in the producton of general types of rubbers in the category of synthetic rubber. These are butadien used for making Butadiene Rubberand styrene used for making Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Butadiene is a by-product of petroleum refining and styrene is captured either in the coking process or as a petroleum refining by-product. When these two gases are mixed in the presence of soapsuds in a reactor, they result into liquid latex. This is a milky liquid in which the dry rubber is coagulated into crumbs, washed, dried, and baled ready for shipment. For more details about synthetic rubber production, check out Synthetic Rubber

Acrylic Rubber (ACM) Acrylic rubber is a type of synthetic rubber containing acrylonitrile. The chemical name of this rubber is Alkyl acrylate copolymer. The outstanding property of this rubber is its resistance to hot oil and to oxidation. These Rubber is suitable for continuous use at temperatures up to 150 degree celsius and at intermittent exposure up to about 180 degree celcius. It has however poor resistance to water or moisture. ACM rubber is usually not suitable for use much below -10 degree celsius and also has poor resistance to acids and bases. Acrylic rubber is widely used in automotive transmissions and hoses.

Properties of Acrylic Rubber Physical & Mechanical Properties

Durometer or Hardness Range Tensile Strength Range Elongation (Range %) Abrasion Resistance Adhesion to Metal Adhesion to Rigid Materials Compression Set Flex Cracking Resistance Impact Resistance Resilience/Rebound Tear Resistance Vibration Dampening

40 - 90 Shore A 500 - 2,500 PSI 100 % - 450 % Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Poor to Good Fair to Good Poor Fair to Good Poor to Good Good to Excellent

We cater to wholesale supply of acrylic rubber. For bulk requirement of acrylic rubber, synthetic acrylic rubber, acrylic rubber products, send us online enquiry and you will get prompt response from genuine suppliers.Click here to send enquiry. Environmental Performance

Colorability Flame Resistance Gas Permeability Odor Ozone Resistance Oxidation Resistance Radiation Resistance Steam Resistance Sunlight Resistance Taste Retention Weather Resistance Water Resistance

Good Poor Good to Excellent Fair to Good Good to Excellent Excellent Poor to Good Poor Good to Excellent Fair to Good Excellent Excellent

Source: www.robinsonrubber.com/pdfs/PolyacrylateAcrylicRubber.pdf

Butadiene Rubber (BR) Butadiene rubber is supposed to be the most elastic rubber type. The chemical name of this rubber is Polybutadiene. This rubber is polymerized butadiene and usually used in combination with other rubber types. This rubber is the second largest volume synthetic rubber produced, after styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). In 1999, the consumption was about 1,953,000 metric tons worldwide.

Application of Butadiene Rubber A typical application is a blend of BR and natural rubber in truck tires. The major use of butadiene rubber is in tires with over 70% of the polymer produced going into sidewalls and treads. This rubber is usually combined with other elastomers like natural rubber or SBR for tread compounds. It also has a major application as an impact modifier for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS) and polystyrene with about 25% of the total volume going into these applications. Typically about 7% of this rubber is added to the polymerization process to make these rubber-toughened resins. Due to its outstanding resiliency, it is estimated that about 20,000 metric tons worldwide of “high cis” polybutadiene is used every year in golf ball cores. This application is widely growing because the golf ball industry seems to be moving away from the traditional wound ball technology to the two-piece, solid core construction, made of BR, in combination with other rubbers.

Properties of Butadiene Rubber • • • • • • •

High Elasticity Low temperature properties Wear resistance Low hysterisis Good flexibility at ambient temperatures High abrasion resistance in severe conditions Low rolling resistance

Conclusion The butadiene rubber is and will continue to be a high volume rubber for use in toughened plastics, tires, and golf balls due to its low cost, availability and unique properties.

Butyl Rubber (IIR) Butyl rubber (IIR), the chemical name of which is Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer is actually the copolymer of isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene. Also known as polyisobutylene, this rubber was first commercialized in 1943. Resulting from low levels of unsaturation between long polyisobutylene segments, the primary quialities of butyl rubber are excellent impermeability or air retention and good flexible properties. The first major use of butyl rubber was Tire innertubes, and this continues to be a significant market today.

Applications of Butyl Rubber Check out our article Butyl Rubber Applications.

Processing and Vulcanization of Butyl Rubber For most applications, butyl rubber must be compounded and vulcanized to yield useful, durable end use products. This is same for all other rubbers as well. Grades of Butyl are developed to meet specific processing and property needs, and hence a range of molecular weights, unsaturation, and cure rates are available commercially. Both the end use properties and the processing equipment are important in determining the right grade of Butyl to be used in a specific application. The selection and ratios of the proper fillers, stabilizers, processing aids and curatives play vital roles in both how the compound will process and how the end product will behave. We cater to wholesale supply of Butyl Rubber. For bulk requirement of butyl rubber, natural butyl rubber, butyl reclaimed rubber, IIR butyl rubber, butyl rubber products etc., send us online enquiry and you will get prompt response from genuine suppliers.Click here to send enquiry.

Properties of Butyl Rubber • • • • • • • •

Flexibility Low glass transition temperature Resistant to ozone Displays high damping at ambient temperatures Good ozone resistance Good weathering, heat, and chemical resistance Good vibration damper Biocompatible etc.

Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM)/ Hypalon

Hypalon CSM Rubber Sheets

What is CSM Rubber? Chlorosulfonated polyethylene or CSM is a synthetic rubber based on polyethylene. This rubber is a material with Neoprene Polychloroprene plus other qualities. The CSM rubber is suitable for continuous use up to about 130 degree celcius. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) is known for its excellent resistance to atmospheric conditions and good resistance to chemicals. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene is used in a variety of industrial and automotive applications that require high performance and have to withstand extreme weather conditions. Some poducts where chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber is used include rubber linings, hoses, valve seals and gaskets etc.

Hypalon Hypalon® is the trade mark of CSM. Hypalon was developed in 1951 and since then it has become the common name for chlorosulfonated polyethylene. It is a product of DuPont Performance Elastomers, a subsidiary of DuPont. However, it is also manufactured by other manufacturers with different trade names. Hypalon® has always demonstrated durability in harsh environments. This type of rubber is known to be used in applications that require high performance and resistance to chemicals, temperature extremes, and ultraviolet light.

Properties of Hypalon or Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM) • • • • • •

This rubber has excellent resistance to oxygen, ozone and most chemicals, water. It has poor fuel resistance. It also has poor compression set resistance which limits its utility in dynamic sealing applications. It also has poor compression set resistance which limits its usefulness in dynamic sealing applications. It is resistant to weather. It is also resistant to abrasion.

Uses of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene

Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene CSM is used in a number of applications. Variety of products are made using CSM. Some of the popular uses and applications of Hypalon or chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) are as follows:

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Construction industry uses CSM for roofing membranes, liners and covers for portable water reservoirs etc.

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Automotive industry uses chlorosulfonated polyethylene for making hoses, tubing and belts etc. Automotive components like high-temperature timing belts and power steering are made of CSM. Wire and cable industry uses CSM for making molded goods, coatings and adhesives. It is widely used for jacketing and insulation for wire and cable For manufacturing of such industrial products as hose, rolls, seals, gaskets, diaphragms and lining for chemical processing equipment also, chlorosulfonated polyethylene is a preferred choice. Some other products where CSM is used widely include rubber coating shoe soles, flexible tubes, flexible magnetic binders, and a host of protective and decorative coatings

EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) EPDM Rubber EPDM rubber or Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is one of the most popular types of synthetic rubber. EPDM rubber is an elastomer- a high-density rubber that is very durable and has a wide range of applications.

An Introduction to EPDM Rubber EPDM rubber or Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is used for many purposes. Considered to be the most water resistant rubber among all types of rubber, EPDM rubber is widely used for manufacturing of sheeting used at high temperatures. In fact, EPDM rubber is one of the most commonly used and fastest growing synthetic rubbers having both general-purpose and specialty applications. There has been increased demand for EPDM rubber in automotive, construction, and mechanical goods applications. The rubber consists of ethylene and propylene and diene and hence abbreviated as EPDM. This rubber has some inherent features that make it especially suitable for electrical insulation, gaskets and lamination. Polymerization and catalyst technologies in use today provide the ability to design EPDM rubber to meet specific and demanding application and processing needs.

Properties of EPDM Rubber There are many properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber or the EPDM rubber which makes it one of the most popular synthetic rubber.

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EPDM rubber has excellent resistance to atmospheric aging meaning it is heat, ozone and weather resistant It has a good resistance to most water-based chemicals. EPDM rubber also has a great resistance to abrasives and tearing. It has stable, saturated polymer backbone structure. It has good electrical resistivity. EPDM rubber is also resistant to polar solvents like water, acids, alkalies, phosphate esters. It has excellent flexibility at high and low temperatures. EPDM rubber can be finished to an extremely smooth surface It has resistance to solvents and high temperatures too.

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Applications of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber Since EPDM rubber does not crack outdoors, it is widely used for seals in buildings and in the automotive industry. Some other applications are steam hose, high temperature-resistant seals and roll covers. Polymerization and catalyst technologies in use today provide the ability to design EPDM rubber to meet specific and demanding application and processing needs. This has resulted in broad usage of EPDM rubber in following industries:

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Automotive weather-stripping and seals Glass-run channel Radiator Garden and appliance hose Tubing Belts Electrical insulation Roofing membrane Rubber mechanical goods Plastic impact modification Thermoplastic vulcanizates Motor oil additive applications

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Conclusion about EPDM Rubber Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers are one of the most versatile, fastest growing synthetic rubber polymers. Excellent resistance to heat, oxidation, ozone and weather aging have led to increased demand for this rubber in automotive, construction, and mechanical goods applications. Current and emerging advanced polymerization and catalyst technologies have also led to design of polymers to meet application and processing needs that are very important to meeting the ever-increasing demands for product quality, uniformity and performance.

Fluoroelastomers (FKM) / FKM Viton FKM Viton O-Rings

What is FKM? Fluroelastomer or FKM is a class of synthetic rubber designed for very high temperature operation. FKM provides extraordinary levels of resistance to chemicals, heat and oil, while providing useful service life above 200°C. FKM are not a single entity but a family of fluoropolymer rubbers. Fluoroelastomers or FKM (sometimes also referred to as FKM Viton) can be classified by their fluorine content, 66%, 68%, & 70% respectively. This means that FKM rubber having higher fluorine content, have increasing fluids resistance derived from increasing fluorine levels.

FKM Viton Viton® is a ed trademark for fluroelastomer by DuPont Performance Elastomers L.L.C. This fluoroelastomerFKM Viton- was introduced in 1957 to meet the requirements in the aerospace industry for a high-performance elastomer. The use of Viton® has spread quickly to many other industries, including the automotive, appliance and chemical industries, fluid power. Viton® is the most specified fluoroelastomer, well known for its excellent heat resistance, excellent resistance to aggressive fuels and chemicals. This popular FKM Viton fluroelastomer has worldwide ISO 9000 and ISO/TS 16949 registration. To get a better idea on Fluroelastomers, check out our articles FKM (Fluoroelastomers) for sealing FFKM Performance and Application We cater to wholesale supply of Fluoroelastomers FKM) Viton through our vast directory of FKM rubber manufacturers and fluoroelastomers rubber suppliers. For bulk requirement of Fluoroelastomers rubber, FKM rubber, Viton, FFFM rubber products, FKM products, Viton Synthetic Rubber etc. send us online enquiry and get prompt response from genuine fluoroelastomers rubber suppliers and FKM rubber wholesalers.Click here to send enquiry.

Properties of Fluoroelastomers (FKM) • • • •

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Fluoroelastomers have excellent resistance to chemical attack by oxidation, by acids and by fuels. They also have good oil resistance. They have limited resistance to steam, methanol, hot water, and other highly polar fluids. The outstanding heat stability and excellent oil resistance are due to the high ratio of fluorine to hydrogen, the strength of the carbon-fluorine bond, and the absence of unsaturation. The latest FKM polymers have a much broader fluids resistance profile than standard fluoroelastomers. They are able to withstand strong bases and ketones as well as aromatic hydrocarbons, oils, acids, and steam. Peroxide cured fluoroelastomers have inherently better water, steam, and acid resistance.

FKM Applications FKM provides , long-term reliability even in harsh environments. A list of its applications is given below:

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Aerospace: O-ring seals in fuels, lubricants, Valve stem seals, Fuel hoses, Fuel Injector O-rings, In tank and quick connect, Flue duct exp. ts, Valve liners, Roll covers, Sheet stock/cut gaskets etc.

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Automotive: Shaft seals, Check valve balls, Diaphragms, Military flare binders, Electrical connectors, Tire valve stem seals, Clips for jet engines, Lathe cut gaskets etc. Industrial: Hydraulic o-ring seals and hydraulic systems, Manifold gaskets, Fuel tank bladders, Firewall seals, Engine lube siphon hose fuel system seals, Gaskets (valve & manifold) etc.

Conclusion FKM is of high value in use as a class of synthetic rubber which provides extraordinary levels of resistance to chemicals, oil and heat. This type of rubber can be fabricated into seals, o-rings, and hoses for a variety of high performance applications in the automotive, aerospace, and petrochemical industries.

Isoprene Rubber (IR) Isoprene Rubber (IR) The isoprene rubber (or IR rubber) is very much like natural rubber but made artificially or synthetically. The chemical name of isoprene rubber is synthetic cis-polyisoprene. Essentially similar to natural rubber in properties, this rubber may be somewhat weaker because it is not 100% the cis-isomer. This rubber is used in the same type of products as natural rubber.

Properties of Isoprene Rubber • • • • • •

The physical properties of IR rubber are in general somewhat inferior to those of natural rubber but, in principle, the two types of rubber are quite similar. This rubber has almost the same chemical structure as natural rubber (polyisoprene). It does not contain proteins, fatty acids and the other substances that are present in natural rubber. IR rubber demonstrates lower green strength, slower cure rates, lower hot tear, and lower aged properties than natural rubber. PR exceeds the natural types in consistency of product, cure rate, purity and processing. In addition, isoprene rubber has the unique property in mixing, extrusion, molding, and calendering processes.

Applications of Isoprene Rubber • • • • •

Isoprene Rubber or synthetic polyisoprene is used in a wide variety of industries and applications requiring low water swell, high gum tensile strength, good resilience, good tack and high hot tensile. Gum compounds based on IR are used in rubber bands, cut thread, baby bottle nipples, and extruded hose. Black loaded compounds of this rubber find use in tires, motor mounts, shock absorber bushings, pipe gaskets, and many other molded and mechanical goods. Mineral filled systems find applications in footwear, sponge, and sporting goods. Recent reports about allergic reactions to proteins present in natural rubber have prompted increased usage of the more pure IR in various applications.

Liquid Isoprene Rubber (LIR) Liquid Isoprene Rubber (LIR) is a colorless, transparent and almost odorless viscous liquid rubber. It acts as a reactive plasticizer. It is, in fact, the rubber having highest molecular weight among those materials that can perform plasticizing functions. Liquid isoprene rubber can be vulcanized, co vulcanized and co cross linked with solid rubbers such as NR, SBR, BR and EPDM using sulfur or peroxide.

Applications of Liquid Isoprene Rubber As mentioned above, liquid isoprene rubber can act as a reactive plasticizer, it is used in the following applications.

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Rubber goods like tires, belts, hose, footwear etc. Adhesives including solution, hot melt, crosslink and latex. Sealants in automobile industry. Liquid isoprene rubber is also used in some other applications like in printing plates, coating, lubricants and binders.

Conclusion About Isoprene Rubber Synthetic polyisoprene or IR represents one of the important classes of polymers produced in a solution medium. Modern techniques have permitted the production of a synthetic analog of natural rubber with improved uniformity and processing.

Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Nitrile Rubber Sheets Nitrile Rubber is a synthetic rubber produced by polymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene. Nitrile synthetic rubber is also known as NBR, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, and NR. This type of synthetic rubber is widely used in a number of applications. In fact, industrial nitrile rubber is one of the very sought after variety of synthetic rubber by most of the manufaturing units. In the year 2005, worldwide consumption of NBR had reached almost 368,000 metric tons annually and the global market for nitrile butadiene rubber has been forecast to exceed 645 thousand tons by the year 2017.

What is Nitrile Rubber (NBR)? Nitrile rubber or NBR is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene. The chemical name of nitrile synthetic rubber is acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer. It is one of the important synthetic rubber types having a high resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbon oils and fuels. There are different grades available with nitrile rubber manufacturers and suppliers. The higher the acrylonitrile (ACN) content in a grade of nitrile rubber, the higher will be the oil resistance but then the low temperature flexibility will get poorer.

Nitrile Synthetic Rubber Properties Nitrile rubber has high resilience and high wear resistance. However, it has only moderate strength along with limited weathering resistance and poor aromatic oil resistance. Nitrile rubber can generally be used down to about -30C but special grades of NBR can work at lower temperatures too. Following is the list of Nitrile Rubber Properties.

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Nitrile Rubber belongs to the family of unsaturated copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene. The physical and chemical properties of nitrile rubber vary depending on the polymer’s composition of acrylonitrile. Different grades are available for this rubber. The higher the acrylonitrile content within the polymer, the higher the oil resistance. It is generally resistant to fuel and other chemicals. It can withstand a range of temperatures. It has inferior strength and flexibility, compared to natural rubber. Nitrile rubber is also resistant to aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is less resistant to ozone, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters and aldehydes. It has high resilience and high wear resistance but only moderate strength. It has limited weathering resistance. It can generally be used down to about -30 degree celcius , but special grades can also operate at lower temperatures.

Applications of Nitrile Rubber NBR or the nitrile synthetic rubber is considered the workhorse of the rubber products of the automotive and other industrial units. By selecting an elastomer with the appropriate acrylonitrile content in balance with other properties, industrial nitrile rubber (NBR) is used in a wide variety of application areas requiring oil, fuel, and chemical resistance. In the automotive area, NBR is used in water handling applications and in fuel and oil handling hose, seals and grommets. With a temperature range of –40 to +125 degree celcius, NBR materials can withstand all automotive applications. This form of synthetic rubber because of its resilience is the perfect material for disposable lab, cleaning, and examination gloves.

Nitrile Rubber Manufacturers and Suppliers We have a large database of wholesale nitrile rubber manufacturers and suppliers. Go to the Rubber Goods Suppliers Directory and find nitrile synthetic rubber manufacturers and suppliers. You may also fill up this simple business enquiry form to receive competitive qoutes from reliable Nitrile Rubber Manufacturers and Suppliers.

Industrial Nitrile Rubber- Uses The industrial nitrile rubber is used for making variety of goods including:

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Roll covers Hydraulic hoses Conveyor belting Graphic arts Oil field packers Seals for all kinds of plumbing and appliance applications Injection or transfer molded products Extruded hose or tubing Calendered sheet goods (floor mats and industrial belting) Various sponge articles

Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) Perfluoroelastomers are a type of synthetic rubber having even greater heat and chemical resistance than the fluoroelastomers. Perfluoroelastomers are widely used as seals on semiconductor wafer processing equipment. This type of rubber can be used in extreme conditions up to temperatures around 300 degree celcius or even higher under special compounding. The basic disadvantages of this rubber are difficult processing, very high cost, poor physical properties at high temperature, and their high glass transition temperatures which limit their use at low temperatures. Most materials cannot be used below zero degree celsius, and even at normal temperatures their creep properties are likely to be poor. The commercial application of perfluoroelastomer started in the 1960s. From this early beginning the use of perfluoroelastomers has increased steadily over the years. Today Perfluoroelastomer seals are manufactured by a number of companies worldwide. We cater to wholesale supply of perfluoroelastomers (FFKM). For bulk requirement of perfluoroelastomers rubber, FFKM rubber, FFFM rubber products, FFKM products, FFKM Synthetic Rubber etc., send us online enquiry and get prompt response from genuine suppliers.Click here to send enquiry.

Properties of Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) • • •

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This rubber has extraordinary resistance to harsh chemicals and heat. They are enable to withstand virtually any process media, including reactive plasmas, at temperatures as high as 327°C. In plasma and chemical vapor deposition applications, perfluoroelastomers can withstand long term exposure in etching, stripping and cleaning processes. In wet chemical operations, swelling due to prolonged chemical exposure and poor elastic recovery are frequent causes of seal failure. These inadequacies are eliminated in perfluoroelastomers. The reliability of seals made from perfluoroelastomers leads to reduced wafer yield losses and lowered frequency of maintenance and operations disruptions.

To get a better idea on Fluroelastomers, check out our articles FKM (Fluoroelastomers) for sealing FFKM Performance and Application

Polychloroprene Rubber (CR)/ Neoprene Polychloroprene rubber or neoprene has more than 75 years of proven performance in varied industrial applications. Neoprene, an extremely useful synthetic rubber, is the DuPont Performance Elastomer's trade name for a family of polychloroprene rubber (CR). In other words, polychloroprene is the polymer name for the synthetic rubber known as neoprene. This rubber was developed in 1931 and supposed to be the first specialty elastomer. This is one of the most important types of synthetic rubber with an annual consumption of nearly 300000 tons worldwide. Polychloroprene rubber has a perfect balance of mechanical properties and fatigue resistance which is second only to natural rubber. Neoprene rubber also has superior oil, chemical and heat resistance. This type of rubber (Polychloroprene rubber or Neoprene) is widely used in general engineering applications.

Neoprene Rubber Properties / Properties of Polychloroprene (CR) Neoprene rubber does not has just one outstanding property, but its balance of properties is unique among the other types of synthetic rubber. The polychloroprene properties can be listed as follows:

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Polychloroprene rubber has good mechanical strength. It is high ozone and weather resistance. Neoprene also has good aging resistance. It has low flammability as one of its properties. It has good chemicals resistance. Polychloroprene rubber is moderately oil and fuel resistant. Neoprene rubber properties include its capability of adhesion to many substrates. Polychloroprene or neoprene rubber can be vulcanized by using various accelerator systems over a varied temperature range. It is less resistant than natural rubber to low temperature stiffening. This helps in giving improved low temperature resistance. Polychloroprene rubber can also be used easily with mineral oils, greases, dilute acids and alkalis.

Neoprene Rubber Applications Neoprene rubber applications are many. This rubber is used in various technical areas, specially in the rubber industry. It plays a vital role as a raw material for adhesives which can be both -solvent based as well as water based. Polychloroprene rubber also has different latex applications (such as dipped articles like gloves), molded foam as well as improvement of bitumen. Neoprene rubber applications are widely spread which include moulded goods, cables, transmission belts, conveyor belts, profiles etc.

Neoprene Rubber Products As is clear from the description of neoprene rubber applications, it can be easily understood that polychloroprene rubber is used for making various products. Some of the widely used neoprene rubber products include the following.

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Neoprene Gaskets Neoprene Gloves Neoprene Sheet Neoprene Strap Neoprene Brace Neoprene Wrap Neoprene Knee

Polysulfide Rubber (PSR) An American chemist known as Joseph Cecil Patrick discovered Polysulfide rubber in 1926 by, while he was attempting to obtain ethylene glycol for use as an antifreeze. This rubber was commercialized under the trade name Thiokol, which eventually became generic. This was one of the earliest commercial synthetic polymers and was made by the reaction of sodium polysulfide with an organic dichloride.

Properties of Polysulfide Rubber (PSR) • • • • • • •

This rubber is known for its excellent resistance to solvents. It has low temperature flexibility. It has flex-crack resistance. It also has oxygen and ozone resistance. It is resistant to light. It is impermeable to gases. Poor tensile strength and abrasion resistance.

Advantages of Polysulfide Rubber These rubber is very soft, stretchy and long lasting. It is good for making molds with severe undercuts and/or very fine detail. There are some molds still in production which are more than 40 years old. Unlike other mold rubbers, PSR is not characterized by sulfur or water based modeling clays. Model preparation is very less. Once cured, these molds are good for casting wax and gypsum plasters. However, since heat resistance, compression set and mechanical strength are not very great, polysulfide rubber is recommended for specific applications which cannot be satisfied by any other elastomer. Temperature range required is -54 degrees to +107 degrees celcius. Polysulfide seals are recommended for service involving with solutions of ketones, ethers and petroleum solvents.

Disadvantages of Polysulfide Rubber • • • • • •

The most common problem of these rubber is that this rubber with lead curatives has an offensive odor. Newly built polysulfide molds stain plaster. Polysulfides have poor abrasion resistance and hence are not good for casting concrete. It is not suitable for production casting of resins. Polysulfides must be mixed accurately by weight with other elastomers or they will not work. This rubber is of moderate cost. It is higher than latex and urethanes but lower than silicones.

Silicone Rubber (Si Rubber) Silicone Rubber Silicone rubber (or Si Rubber) is the most commonly used synthetic ruuber or polymer. This rubber has similar bond structure as found in glass, sand and quartz. Silicone rubber is composed of silicone- which is itself a polymer- together with hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. This is a unique synthetic elastomer which is made from a crosslinked polymer that is reinforced with silica. The characteristic of silicone rubber is such that it provides the perfect balance of mechanical and chemical properties that is required in today's most demanding industrial rubber applications.

Properties of Silicone Rubber All types of silicone rubber compounds possess characteristics of both inorganic and organic materials. Due to the versatile properties of silicone rubber, it offers a number of advantages that are not found in other rubbers. Silicone rubbers have fine electrical properties, good chemical stability, flame retardancy, and excellent resistance to heat and cold.

Properties of Silicone Rubber

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Silicone rubber has higher heat resistance and chemical stability that help it in providing better electrical insulation. It has high elasticity and compressibility as well as excellent resistance to cold temperatures. Silicone rubber has resistnace to wide temperature range. It offers excellent resistance to extreme temperatures, the range of which can be from minus 100°F to plus 500°F. This rubber can be used indefinitely at 150°C that doesn't lead to any change in the properties of silicone rubber. It can withstand the temperature of 200°C for 10,000 hours or more. Some of the silicone rubbers can even withstand heat of 350°C for short periods. Silicone rubber has outstanding oil resistance at high temperatures. From among other common types of synthetic rubbers, nitrile rubber and chloroprene rubber have somewhat higher oil resistance at temperatures lower than 100°C but at higher temperatures, silicone rubber is superior to all other rubber types.

Silicone rubber has exceptional weather resistance. Ozone created by corona discharge does not deteriorate silicone rubber. Thus, silicone rubber can be exposed to wind, rain and UV rays for longer periods without any change in its physical properties.

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The tensile strength, tear strength, elongation and compression set of silicone rubber are far superior to conventional rubbers. The tear strength of silicone rubber is usually around 9.8 kN/m. Certain high-strength types of silicone rubbers also come with tear strength between 29.4 kN/m and 49.0 kN/m, achieved through polymer modification and/or judicious selection of fillers and crosslinkers. Thermal conductivity of silicone rubber is higher than most of the other rubbers. Silicone rubber with high thermal conductivity are used to make products like thermal interface sheets and heating rollers. Silicone rubber has excellent moisture and steam resistance. It can be immersed in cold, warm or boiling water for longer periods with water absorption of about 1%. This doesn't affect its mechanical strength or electrical properties. When it comes in with steam under ordinary pressure, there is no deterioration of silicone rubber. However, high pressure steam at temperatures above 150°C can cause breakdown of the siloxane polymer and a decline in the properties of the rubber. It is metal detectable. It glows in the dark. Silicone rubber is also electrically conductive. Apart from being resistant to oil, silicone rubber is also resistant to chemical, acid and gas. Silicone rubber is flame retardant and has the property of low smoke emission.

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Silicone Rubber Applications • • • • •

This rubber can be extruded into tubes, strips, solid cord or any custom profiles. Silicone Rubber can also be moulded into custom designs and shapes. This form of synthetic rubber is available for making molds that are poured, brushed or sprayed on to a model. Suitable for casting low melt metal alloys like lead, tin, pewter. Also used in the production casting of resins.

Advantages of Silicone Rubber Due to the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of silicon rubber, its advantages are many.

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High and low temperature stability Inertness, that is no taste or smell Translucent and easy to color Wide hardness range Chemical resistance Weatherability Sealing performance Electrical properties Compression set resistance

Disadvantages of Silicone Rubber Although silicone rubber has many advantages to its many properties, there are certain disadvantages of silicone rubber too.

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Silicone rubber is generally high in cost. It is sensitive to substances like sulfur clay that may prevent the silicone from curing which is known as cure inhibition. Silicone rubber is usually very thick, having high viscosity. It must be vacuum degassed before pouring to minimize bubble entrapment.

Forms of Silicone Rubber Silicone rubber is available in the following forms:

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Compounds: These are ready to use materials which can be pigmented and catalyzed for your processing equipment and end application. Bases: These silicone polymers contain a reinforcing filler. The bases can be further compounded with additives and pigments that produce a compound which meet your color and other fabrication needs. Liquid silicone rubber (LSR): This rubber system can be pumped into a suitable injection molding machine which then can be heat cured to produce molded rubber parts. Fluorosilicone rubber compounds and bases: They maintain many key properties of silicone, but also has other characteristics of superior chemical, fuel, and oil resistance.

Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is the outcome of synthetic rubber research that took place in the United States and Europe under the impact of the shortage of natural rubber during World Wars I and II. In 1929, a German chemist developed a series of synthetic elastomers by copolymerization of two compounds (styrene and butadiene) in the presence of a catalyst. The first step involved in the process is to let styrene and butadiene react together. The new synthetic rubber that was formed consists of about 25% styrene, with butadiene making up the rest, which in principle had the same properties as natural rubber. These rubber is considered to be the highest volume general purpose and the most common type of synthetic rubber.

Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber • • • • • •

This type of rubber is usually very weak unless reinforcing fillers are incorporated. With suitable fillers, this becomes a strong rubber. It has similar chemical and physical properties like natural rubber. It has better abrasion resistance. It has poorer fatigue resistance. Heat resistance is better than natural rubber. Low temperature flexibility and tensile strength are less than that of natural rubber.

Applications of Styrene Butadiene Rubber This is the most widely used synthetic rubber. Demands for rubber increased sharply, when the automobile industry developed. Many trials were made to produce a artificial or man-made rubber. The first synthetic rubber could not match natural rubber, but in due course of time 14 other rubber types were developed, having properties comparable with natural rubber or even better. Styrene-butadiene rubber or SBR, the most common and cheapest type of synthetic rubber, is as an example of the manufacturing principles. This rubber is used in many of the same products as natural rubber. SBR is also used to cover different types of hose and in a number of other products. It is used in tyre and tyre products which also includes tread rubber and this s for 76% of global consumption. Other uses of SBR include mechanical goods, automotive, miscellaneous, including adhesives, floor tile and shoe soles etc. Adhesives and chewing gum have also been identified as two growing markets for styrene-butadiene applications.