Umts Optimization 32pi

UMTS Optimization Prepared By Legend Technologies

Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

Course Content • WCDMA Features – – – – – – –

Idle Mode Behavior Radio Link Supervision Power control Load sharing Handover Capacity management Channel switching

• 3G KPIs Monitoring and analysis


WCDMA Features • Course Objective Upon completion of this part you be able to • Explain the main parts of idle mode behavior • Explain what is the radio link supervision and what are its benefits • Explain the different types of power control • Explain how can we control the capacity to maximize it under minimum interference • Explain Different Handover types and scenarios • Explain how and why do we need for Load sharing and • Explain the main types of channel switching we have • Explain the Main 3G KPIs and how to analyze them


WCDMA Radio Network Features


Idle Mode Behavior • • • • •

PLMN selection Cell Selection / Reselection Paging Location Update and Routing area update System Information


What is Idle Mode? 1. OFF Mode 2. IDLE MODE 3. CONNECTED MODE

UE in IDLE MODE has the following properties : • UE is Powered ON , while it doesn't have connection to the Radio Network • UE is synchronized with Radio Network and can read broadcast information , Accordingly UE can access the Network request services . • UE is ed on the network , updating Network with its LAC , Accordingly UE becomes reachable by the network Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

Services Types in Idle Mode • Normal Service • When the UE select accepted level cell in its HPLMN

• Limited Service • When the UE didn’t find any accepted level cells at its home PLMN it selects any accepted level cell at any other PLMN

• Operator reserved services • The operator can reserve any cell for testing only and this through two parameters cell reserved and Access classNbarred Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

PLMN Selection • PLMN Selection – What is it ? And When it happens ? What are the types of PLMN selection • PLMN Selection is the process in which the UE decide which PLMN it should in and this process happens when the Mobile turned on or when the mobile returned back from limiting service – Automatic PLMN selection – Manual PLMN selection


Automatic PLMN selection • When the mobile powered on • The mobile uses information about the last ed PLMN (Freq, the stored neighbors before off) • Mobile search the strongest signal cells and read its system information to get (MCC and MNC) • If the chosen cell is accepted the mobile try to do the registration • If the last chosen cell not available or there is no stored info in the mobile USIM then the mobile might select any accepted PLMN automatically or manually


• In the automatic selection if no last PLMN exists or available the Mobile will select the PLMN that is available and allowed as follow – HPLMN if not previously selected due to RAT – Each PLMN in controlled PLMNs list in the USIM, in order of priority – Each PLMN in operator controlled PLMN list in the USIM, in order of priority – Other PLMNs according to the high quality criteria randomly the minimum ICH RS power is -95dBm – Other PLMNs that don’t fulfill high quality criteria


Initial Cell Selection – Automatic Mode USIM

f1

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

I

HPLMN

Strongest cell 80 60

USIM

40 20 0

I II III

-20 -40

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 1.2 Frequency

1.4

1.6

1.8 x 107

II

PLMN PLMN PLMN

USIM

D E F III

PLMN PLMN

2110

I II III

PLMN

2170 MHz


PLMN A B C

80 60

PLMN

PLMN A PLMN B PLMN D PLMN E

PLMN B PLMN E PLMN D PLMN A


40 20 0

-20

PLMN

-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Frequency 7 x 10


IV

PLMN

80 60

V

PLMN PLMN

PLMN

40 20 0

-20 -40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Frequency 7 x 10

Manual PLMN Selection • UE displays all the available PLMNS after carriers scanning • All the available PLMNs will appear regardless it is allowed or not and ignoring the forbidden LACs


f1 Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Strongest cell 80

f2

PLMN A PLMN B

•

HPLMN

•

PLMN E

60 40 20 0 -20 -40

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 1.2 Frequency

1.4

1.6

1.8 x 10 7

fn


Roaming • It is the services in which the will be able to obtain services from another PLMN – Same country (national roaming) – Another country (international roaming)

• Every 30 minutes the UE try to reselect its home PLMN


Cell Search Start

Detecting slot synchronization

Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group

Detecting primary scrambling and read system information

End


Broadcast Channels SCH P-CCH PICH

P-CCH

Pilot Channel 1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec

Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec

ICH always take code 0 from SF 256 tree


Cell selection procedure • Squal = Qqualmeas – qQualMin (For WCDMA) – Qqualmeas is ICH Ec/No – qQualMin is minimum required Ec/No

• Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxlevMin – Pcompensation (For all cells) – Qrxlevmeas is ICH RS – qRxlevMin is minimum required RS


– Pcompensation=Max(maxTXpowerUL-P , 0) • P is maximum O/P power of the UE accoring to its class • maxTXpowerUL is maximum power used in accessing

• The cell consider as accepted if – Squal > 0 and – Srxlev > 0



• Cell selection occurs when • When UE is switched on • When UE in idle mode has had a number of failed RRC connection request • When a UE returns to idle mode from the connection mode on common channel (cell-FACH) after a number of failed cell update • UE returns to idle mode from connected mode (cellDCH) • When a UE returns to idle mode after an emergency call on any PLMN


Cell reselection procedure • When it occurs – When cell on which it is camping is no longer suitable – When there is any neighbor with better quality than the selected one – When the UE in the limited service state on an acceptable cell – When the UE is in cell _FACH state


• According to the cell reselection criteria. In order to perform cell ranking, the UE measures the serving cell and neighbor cells listed in SIB11 according to the measurement rules . i.

Measurement rules for cell reselection 1. Intra frequency measurements starts when Squal <= Sintrasearch

SintraSearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm)


2. Inter frequency measurements starts when Squal <= SinterSearch

Sintersearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm) 3. GSM measurements starts when Squal <= sRatSearch OR Srxlev <= SHcsRat sRatSearch : Controls quality Threshold at which GSM measurements are performed (4 dBm) SHcsRat : Controls Signal Strength Threshold at which GSM measurements are performed (3 dBm)



Qqualmeas (EcN0, dB) Qrxlevmeas (RS, dBm)

GSM measurements can also be triggered by low RS

-14

sRatSearch = 4dB -112

sHcsRat = 3dB (negative values are interpreted as 0)

qQualMin = -18 qRxLevMin+P = -115

WCDMA measurements


WCDMA & GSM measurements

WCDMA & GSM WCDMA measurements measurements

Time (s)

• When the UE triggers a cell reselections procedure it starts ranking for the cell satisfy S-criteria (Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0) and the ranking will be according R-criteria – R(serving)= Qmeas(s)+qHyst(s) – R(neighbor)= Qmeas(n)-qOffset(s,n) Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

• Qmeas: is the quality value of the received signal which is derived from • ICH Ec/No or • ICH RS

• qHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in system information used to delay the reselection as possible on the LA boarders – qHyst1 if the ranking based on ICH RS – qHyst2 if the ranking based on ICH Ec/No


• qOffset(s,n): is the offset between the serving and the neighbor cell also used to shift the cell boarder – qOffset1sn : if the ranking based on RS, there are 2 qOffset1sn one for WCDMA neighbor and the other one for GSM neighbor. – qOffset2sn : if the ranking based on Ec/No • qualMeasQuantity is the parameter that determine if we will do the ranking based on RS or Ec/No • The UE reslect the better cell if it stay better for time interval more than Treselection Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

UMTS to UMTS cell Reselection Qmeas (dBm) Qmeas(n) R(n) qOffset2sn=0 qHyst2 = 4

R(s) Qmeas(s) Cell reselection R(n)>R(s)

treSelection


time

UMTS to GSM cell Reselection Qmeas (dBm) Qmeas(n) qRxLevMin* qOffset1sn qHyst1 R(n) qRxLevMin*+ sHcsRat R(s) Qmeas(s) WCDMA&GSM measurements

* Pcompensation is assumed to be 0


Ranking

treSelection R(n)>R(s)

time

Cell reselection

• FACH-connected cell reselection – During the FACH-connected mode the UE use secondary common control physical channel (SCCH) – The parameters used to control the measurement fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff and interFreqFddMeasIndicator – fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff (K) used to show when the UE has to do this measurment this value should be greater than 0 and this value send to mobile via system information – FACH measurment occasions are defined as being the frame where the following equation is fulfilled SFN= C-RNTI mod n*2^K C-RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) & n is the frame number 0,1,2,….


– InterFreqFddMeasIndicator is a value set to True or False if it set to True the UE will perform the reselection criteria on inter frequency or inter RAT and if it is set false it will not do


Location area Update and Routing area Update

• After a UE has found a suitable cell it tries to make PLMN registration. • If the LAI or RAI read on system information has been changed then the UE tries to do RA or LA registration Update • During the idle mode when the UE changes its location or routing area it should do LAU or RAU • LAU and RAU managed by CN Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

• Types of Updates – Periodic • Occurs periodically after timer T3212 for LAU or T3312 for RAU, the value of the timer sent to the UE over BCCH in the IMSI attach or in RAU , it is CN parameter, when the UE is in connected mode and the timer expired then the UE wait until enter idle mode again to perform the periodic LA

– Normal • Occurs when the UE change its LA or RA, the UE discover the changes after comparing the new Cell RAC or LAC with the stored values in the USIM Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

– IMSI attach and detach • IMSI attach occurs when the UE activated in the same LA in which it was before deactivation and the detach occurs when UE deactiated • This function used to prevent unnecessary paging for the off UEs • IMSI attach is an optional function and it is managed by cell parameter called ATT sent to UE over BCCH – If ATT set to 1 it means the UE should do IMSI attach and detach – When the UE is turned on it sent registration request indicate IMSI attach to find out if the LA changed or not if changed it send normal LA update


Paging • Is the process through it the CN inform the UE there is a service request or RAN inform all the UEs that the System information has been updated also to initiate the channel switch from URA-PCH to Cell-FACH state • Paging occurs in the following states – Idle – URA-PCH – Cell-FACH – Cell-DCH Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

• Paging in Idle mode and URA-PCH – PICH and S-CCH are used to page the UE • PICH used to tell the UE when to read S-CCH • S-CCH used to carry RRC message type1 which includes actual paging info and the number of times the WCDMA RAN will retransmit the paging (noOfPagingRecordTransm)


• DRX – In the Idle mode the UE should in order to save its power consumption to listen to the PICH in certain predefined times 288 bits for paging indication b0 b1

b287 b288

One radio frame (10 ms)


12 bits (undefined) b299

– 288 bits are divided to number of PIs each PI related to one paging group and each paging group related to one – The number of PIs in a PICH frame is given by parameter named PichMode • If PichMode is 72 that mean we have 72 PIs and each one 4 bits

– The UE monitors one PI in one paging occasion per DRX cycle • The length of DRX cycle is given by 2^k * 10(ms)


• Where k is the DRX cycle Length coefficient defined by cnDRXcycleLengthCS (PS) • Different DRX cycle for CS, PS and URA-PCH


• Paging in cell-FACH and cell-DCH – When the establish connection between UE and RAN is existing Paging type 2 message are sent to the it is carried on DCCH so it is only for one .

• Updated System information – RRC message “paging type1” sent to the UE in the idle mode to inform it about the updated SI


System Information


• The UE read System information when – Powered on – Cell change in idle mode or Cell-FACH – UE informed that change occurred in system information while it is in idle mode or Cell-FACH – UE switches from Dedicated mode to Common Mode. – Timer expires for SIBs with expiration time.



Radio Connection Supervision


Radio Connection Supervision • Supervision of the UE in State Cell-FACH and URA-PCH • Supervision of the UE in Cell-DCH


• What is the radio link supervision Is the algorithm supervises the radio connection between the UE and the UTRAN during all the connected states, the reason of this is to check if the UTRAN still control the UE or not and to prevent undue charging and increase the efficiency of resources usage. Occurs in both of Uplink and Downlink


Supervision in Cell-FACH and URA-PCH

• In CELL_FACH state, supervision is provided by monitoring periodic Cell Update messages sent by the UE. The timer cchWaitCuT is started whenever the UE enters the CELL_FACH state, or upon transmission of a Cell Update CONFIRM message to the UE. The timer is stopped if the UE enters CELL_DCH state and is reset to zero (but not stopped) upon receipt of a Cell Update from the UE. Upon expiry of the timer, the overall release of the connection shall be triggered. The time set on cchWaitCuT is longer than the one set on timer t305. The timer t305 indicates how often the UE has to send a Cell Update message.


Cell Update Message will be sent either when t305 expires or when the UE change its serving cell In URA PCH state the UE sent URA_Update Message instead of Cell_ Update as in Cell FACH case T305 expires CCHWAITCUT starts

Cell Update Confirmation

Cell Update Message

Overall Connection Release

CCHWAITCUT Expire

CCHWAITCUT Reset UE Enters Cell FACH Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

Timer Should stopped if UE Enters CELL-DCH

Supervision in Cell-DCH • In CELL_DCH state, the Radio Connection Supervision functionality is provided by means of two different algorithms: the Radio Link Set Supervision algorithm, located in the RBS, s the Radio Connection Supervision Evaluation algorithms, located in the SRNC


The Radio Link consider failed if and only if radio link failure indication send from the 2 RBSs Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

• Radio Connection Supervision (RCS) Evaluation The Radio Connection Supervision Evaluation algorithm keeps track of the synchronization status of the whole radio connection by asg a tag to every RLS.


• Radio Link Set (RLS) Supervision The RLS Supervision function supervises the synchronization status of the RLS provided by the RBS to the radio connection, and reports any changes to the SRNC. When nOutSyncInd number of consecutive frames are out-of-sync a timer rlFailureT is started and at expiry the RLS is considered outof-sync and Radio Link Failure is reported to the SRNC. When the RLS is out-of-sync and nInSyncInd number of frames are in-sync, the RLS is considered in-sync and Radio Link Restore is reported to the SRNC.


• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6

(10 to 640 bits)

I

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Pilot (FSW: is some of Pilot Bits)

1

2

3

4

5

6

TFCI

7

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec


8

9

10

11

12

13

FBI

14

TPC

15

Q

• The connection is considered lost by the RCS when the last RLS, for the connection, has been out-of-sync for a time given by the parameter dchRcLostT. For a connection that includes HSDPA, the PS part of the connection is considered lost by the RCS when the RLS that contains the Serving HS-DSCH cell, has been out-of-sync for a time given by the parameter hsDschRcLostT. This means that when the hsDschRcLostT timer expires, an Iu Release will be requested to the PS CN and when the dchRcLostT timer expires, an Iu Release will be requested to all involved CNs. Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

SRNC

Radio Link Restore

dchRcLost T Starts Radio Link out of sync sent to SRNC

T.S 1

Number of Bad T.S 15 frames = nOutSyncInd ……………………….

Number of good frames = nInSyncInd Good Frame

Bad Frame #1

What is the BER of this frame (CRC decoding) UE sends FSW in each Time Slot in DPCCH


rlFailure T starts

rlFailure T Expires

N.B if number of good frame that decoded by NB before rlFailureT timer expiration equal to nInSyncInd then the RL consider ok and the timer should stopped

Power Control


Power Control types Power control

Uplink

Open Loop Power Control

Closed Loop Power Control


Downlink

Initial Power settings for Power

Closed loop Power control

Setting Of common Channel Power Channel Name

Parameter Name

Default Power Setting

Meaning

ICH

PrimaryichPower

300

30dBm

BCH

bchPower

-31

-3.1dB

AICH

aichPower

-6

-6dB

FACH (control)

maxFach1Power

18

1.8dB

FACH (Traffic)

maxFach2Power

15

1.5dB

PCH

pchPower

-4

-0.4dB

PICH

pichPower

-7

-0.7dB

P-SCH

schPower1

-18

-1.8dB

S-SCH

schPower2

-35

=3.5dB


Open Loop Power Control • UL SIR – SIR=Ec/No X SF = RS/RTWP X SF = RS-RTWP + 10log SF – RS=SIR + RTWP – 10log SF • SIR has target value depend on service and Channel • SF has value related to the used service


RACH preamble Power setting • P-PRACH = RS + Losses. – RS = SIR+RTWP – 10log SF. – Losses = ICH_Power – ICH_RS. – P_PRACH = SIR_TARGET_RACH + RTWP – 10 log SF + ICH_Power (pimaryichPower) – ICH_RS. – SIR_TARRGET_RACH – 10log SF + C is constant parameter called (constantValuerach)


ConstantValuerach , PrimaryICHPower and RTWP are sent to the UE through BCCH Now the UE can transmit the Preamble using P_PRACH calculated Value


Power Ramping


Parameter

Range

Default

Description

PowerOffsetPO

1 to 8

3

3dB

PowerOffsetPpM

-5to10

-4

-4dB

1 to 64

8

8 step of increase before the recalculation of P_PRACH

1 to 32

4

4 trials for P_PRACH calculation before giving access failure

PreambleRetansMax

MaxPreambleCycle


RACH Message Power

RACH Data Slot (0.666 mSec)

I

Random Access Message (10, 20, 40, or 80 bits per slot) RACH Message Slot (0.666 mSec) Pilot (8 bits)

TFCI (2 bits)

Control Part Power = P_PRACH+ PowerOffsetPpm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7



8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Q

Control Power/ Data Power = 20 log (GFc/GFd) GFc: is standard gain factor related to control part GFd: is standard gain factor related to data part This 2 parameters will be different according to the type of carried information Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

Gain Factor

Range

Default

GFc (Control)

0 to 15

11

GFd (Control)

0 to 15

15

GFc (Data)

0 to 15

10

GFd (Data)

0 to 15

15


FACH Power Setting • As mentioned earlier FACH power is initially reserved relative to ICH power The question Now is that do every part of FACH message has the same power as the reserved value 0, 2, or 8 bits

TFCI or DTX


20 to 1256 bits

Data

0, 8, or 16 bits

Pilot

• TFCI_Power = FACH_Power + FO1 – FO1 Default Value is 0 dB

• Pilot_Power = FACH_Power + FO2 – FO2 Default Value is 0 dB


Initial Setting of DL_DPDCH

In case of inter frequency non blind handover cBackoff will be replaced by cNbifho (modified parameter to enhance the performance of IFHO


DPDCH

Data 1

DPCCH

TPC

TFCI

DPDCH

Data 2

Default Values PO1 (00) Step 0.25 Value 0dB PO2 (12) Step 0.25 Value 3dB PO3 (12) Step 0.25 Value 3dB


DPCCH

Pilot

Downlink Power Ramping Upper Power Limit P_DL_DPDCH Calculated 2nd power step size 1st power steps x steps Used only when the NBAP indicates it should be used via parameter first RLS indicator

1st power Ramp

2nd power increase


Lower Power Limit

Inner loop

Setting of initial UL_DPDCH power

• Power_UL_DPCCH_initial= PrimaryichPower + RTWP+uLInitSirTarget 10log(SF_DPCCH) + O –RS_PICH (dBm) Measured by the UE

DPCCH_power_offset Sent to UE by RBS in RRC connection setup Message

O= -30 to 30 in 0.5 dB steps default = 0 (0 dB) Primaryichpower = -100 to 500 in 0.1 dB steps default = 300 (30 dBm) ulInitSirTarget : has different values for different services e.g. SRB =5.7dB; RAB with SF=4 = 9.2 ; RAB with SF=16 or 8 = 8.2 dB and for RAB with SF= 32 or higher =4.9


• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits)

I

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

Pilot

1

TFCI

2

3

4

5

6

7



8

9

10

11

12

13

FBI

14

TPC

15

Q

P_DPDCH power calculation DPCCH power/ DPDCH power = Bc/Bd DPCCH power – DPDCH power= 20 log (Bc/Bd) DPDCH power = DPCCH power- 20log(Bc/Bd) Bc: DPCCH gain factor Bd: DPDCH gain factor


Radio Bearer

DPCCH gain Factor

DPDCH gain factor

DPDCH power

Signaling

11

15

DPCCH power +2.7

Speech

11

15

DPCCH power + 2.7

CS 64

8

15

DPCCH power + 5.46

PS 64/64

8

15

DPCCH power + 5.46

PS 64/384

8

15

DPCCH power + 5.46


Inner loop power control • Up Link inner loop power control DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data) TPC_Command = (UP) or (Down) DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC) DPDCH


RBS measure SIR_UL_RLS of the pilot Data then compare it with Target value

DPCCH TPC_cmd=-1 (Down) or +1 (UP)

DPCCH change =

TPC X TPC_cmd dB

DPDCH power related to DPCCH power SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET


TPC command = “down” TPC command = “UP”

UL Power control during compressed mode 10 mSec Frames (15 slots) Normal Operation 11

12

13

14

15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

14

15 1

Compressed-Mode; single-frame method 11

12

13

14

15

1

2

3

4

12

13

2

3

4

Transmission Gap Compressed period used for IRAT measurements and BSIC decoding and confirmation


SIR_target in CM

SIR_target + 1dB SIR_target + 0.5dB SIR_target 13

14

15

1

2

3

4

12

Transmission Gap


13

14

15 1

2

3

4

14

15

TPC command in CM TPC = 2 dB TPC = 1 dB

13

14

15

1

2

3

4

12

13

14

15 1

2

3

4

Transmission Gap Recovery Period 7 slots after the Gap pilot = 10 log (Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr) DPCCH= TPC X TPC_cmd +


Pilot

14

15

Down link inner loop power control DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data)

DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC)

DPDCH MS measure SIR_DL_RLS of the pilot Data then compare it with Target value


TPC_Command = (UP) or (Down)

TPC command (UP or Down)

present power P(K)= P(k-1) + Ptpc(K)

P_TPC(K) = +1 dB if (TPC_CMD is Up) or -1 dB if (TPC_CMD is down) SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET


TPC command = “down” TPC command = “UP”

Downlink Power Balancing Power Drift SRNC

UE RBS 1


RBS 2

8 frame cycle Frame 1

Frame 2

Frame 3

Frame 4

Frame 5

Frame 6

Frame 7

Frame 8

Reference value SRNC

RBS 1

RBS 2 UE At the beginning of each cycle a reference power, which is the average of all radio link powers is calculated. Over the next 8 frames cycle the power of each RL is adjusted back to this reference value


dlPcMethod

1 no DL power balance and no inner loop power control

2 No balancing only inner loop power control is used

3 Balancing is working

P(K) = P(K-1) + Pbalance Pbal = +1 dB increase the power -1 dB decrease the power Power balancing is configured to work on 8 frame cycle


4 fixed power balancing algorithm is used fixed Dl reference value

Downlink power control in compressed mode P(K)= P(K-1) + Ptpc(K) + P bal(K) + P sir (K) dBm P(k-1): previous DL power Ptpc (K): +1(UP) or -1(down) X

TPC

PSIR(K) = 3.5dB

PSIR(K) = 4dB TPC(K) = 1 dB 13

14

15

1

2

3

TPC(K) = 2 dB

4

12

13

14

15 1

2

Transmission Gap Recovery Period 7 slots after the Gap


3

4

14

15

Outer Loop Power control • The outer loop power control algorithm performed for DL in the UE and for the UL in the RNC • The Main idea behind the outer loop power control is to set proper SIR target • SIR target value change according to blerQualitytargetDl • SIR target value should be between SIR Max 173 (17.3 dB) and SIR min -82(-8.2 dB) • UL outer loop power control could be either jump regulator or constant step regulator by ulOuterLoopRegulator parameter

1 Jump Regulator


0 constant step

Jump Regulator

SIRtarget= SIRtarget + ulSirStep(-x/(z*UPDOWNSTEPRATIO)+Y/Z)

Where: •ulSirStep = 0 to 50 in 0.1 step default 10 (1 dB) •X = Number of Transport blocks that have CRC OK •Z= Total Number of received Transport blocks •Y= Number of transport blocks that have CRC NG •UPDOWNSTEPRATIO= (1/blerQualityTargetUL * 0.5) -1 default value is 199 •blerQualityTargetUL = -63 to 0 default is -2 (0.01)


SIR_Target=5.9 dB CRC=OK Will continuo to drop until receive bad CRC

The SRNC will Update the SIR target value for the UL in resolution of 0.1 dB to prevent excessive Iub signaling. ulInitSirTaget = 4.9 SIRTarget= 4.9+1(-0/(199*1) +1/1) = 5.9 …………………………………………………………………………………. NG frame received


Step Regulator If ulOuterLoopRegulator set to 0 the Step regulator will work Idea of step regulator is as following : •The SIR target should increased by “ulSirStep” when one NG CRC have been Received • And decreased by “ulSirStep” if number of good CRC equal to (1/(1.5blerQualityTargetUL) (0.5) Default 133 133 Good CRC

ulSirStep ulSirInitTarget NG CRC


NG CRC

Handover


Handover Type

HO Types

Hard Handover

IRAT handover

Inter Frequency HO


Soft Handover

Core Network Hard HO

Soft HO

Softer HO

Soft/ Softer HO RNC

UE Measurement Control message DCCH

Perform measurement UE Evaluation

RNC Evaluation

RL addition Active Set Update DCCH Active Set Update Complete

Radio Link Removal RNC Evaluation

Radio Link Add/Remove / Replace

Measurement Control message DCCH


Reported Measurement


Measurements Elaboration


RRC Measurement initial


Handover triggering type • Event Triggering – Measurement to be sent whenever the levels of cells enters the reporting range

• Periodic triggering – Measurement report should be sent to the RNC by the UE periodically


Event Description


Event 1A


Event 1B


Event 1C


Event 1D


Event 1E


Event 1F


Event 2D/2F

2B/2C 3A/3C


Compressed Mode


Compressed mode • Realization Methods – SF/2 – Rate matching/puncturing – Higher layer scheduling



Load Control


PUC


ICAC


Cell Resource Decision


The algorithm Chooses UEs for Pre-emption


LDR


OLC


Umts Optimization 32pi

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