Astm a2w1v

PK291N: Petroleum Testing Lab

Title of the Experiment: ASTM distillation

Date of Conduction: 3/03/2010

Date of Submission: 17/03/2010

Vivek Chaudhary Manisha Gupta Mohd. kashif Grp No-4

Objective To carry out the ASTM distillation of given gasoline sample(ASTM D86). Apparatus/Materials Used •

A 100 ml sample of gasoline

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Distillation flask- A 100 ml distillation flask of borosilicate glass

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Condenser and cooling bath

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Flask

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Graduated cylinder-A 100 ml cylinder with least count of 1 ml

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Source of heat-electric heater

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Thermometer:Range-(0-300)oC with 1oC as the least count

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Shield

Theory ASTM distillation is carried on petroleum products.It is a non-fractionating distillation.This is also called Engler distillation. This method gives the distillation range of petroleum products. It is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons,oxygenated compounds,chemical intermediates and blends thereof. The distillation charactristics give a broad indication of fuel type.Being a measure of voltality ,they determine the system of fuel metering required (wick feed,carburation or atomization),and are indicative of the vapourisation behaviour of fuels in storage (vapour loss & vapour lock),and in piston-engine manifolds (uniformity of distribution to cylinders).The extent of the distillation range for any given fuel is representative of the availability of that fuel from the parent crude oil. The IP designation of ASTM distillation is IP123/83 and the corresponding ASTM designation is ASTM D86-78

Observations: •

Room temperature=25.0oC

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Temperature of condenser bath=29.0oC

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Volume of gasoline sample taken=100.0 ml

INITIAL BOILING POINT=49 °C

S.NO.

RECOVERY IN ml

TEMPERATURE

TIME IN sec

IN °C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 98

105 110 118 120 128 132 140 150 160 184

154 164 119 94 95 97 98 85 83 75

Results •

Initial boiling poiint=60.0oC

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End point 5 minutes=182.0oC

Discussion •

ASTM distillation specifies the evaporation characteristics of gasoline.Ease of starting is governed by IBP to 10% range boiling point.Lower IBPs are preffered for cold climates. A drawback of very low IBP is vapour locking of the engine due to high evaporation.

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According to Indian specifications for gasoline temperature corresponding to 10% recovery is 70.0 oC, 50% recovery –125.0 oC , 90% recovery-180.0 oC.

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10% boiling point is lower than that of specified one.It implies that the given gasoline sample has : Flash point

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low

Ease of starting

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excellent

Vapour losses

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very high

Vapour locking

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high

in comparision to the gasoline fuel as per Indian specifications. •

50% , 90% boiling points have also been observed lower as compared to specified ones. A

lower 90% boiling point signify decrease in crank case dilution as the

fuel is volatile at the working conditions of carburettor. Sources of errors/precautions •

Temperature of te condenser bath was not equal to 0.0 oC.It was equal to 29.0 oC ,which is very high as compared to 0.0 oC.

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Heating rate was not equal to the prescribed heating rate in ASTM INTERNATIONAL manual.According to the prescribed heating rate ,2 drops per second of condensate should fall in the cylinder .In the experiment performed , just one drop was falling in the cylinder in one second.

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Capacity of the flask for holding the gasoline sample was not equal to 200 ml.

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Thermometer readings should be read carefully.