Dilg Federalism 101 (basic) 672c4g

FEDERALISM 101

A Presentation of the DILG Task Team on Federalism

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What is Federalism? A system of government under which significant government powers are shared between the federal government and the Regional governments

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How Is Federalism Different From Presidentia l-Unitary In FEDERALISM, the System? In a PRESIDENTIALpowers and UNITARY system of government, powers and resources are under the control of the central government

resources of the government are shared by the federal government 3 and the Regional

Unitary & Federal Countries Unitary Countries LEBANON

Federal Countries AUSTRIA

BANGLADESH



PHILIPPINES

CANADA

AFGHANISTAN

UNITED STATES

KHAZAKSTAN

AUSTRALIA

It is notable that the most stable and progressive countries have federal forms Source: Wikipidia

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Least & Most Corrupt Countries as per Transparency International

Most Corrupt Countries

AFGHANISTAN

Least Corrupt Countries

NORTH KOREA

SOMAL IA

DENMA RK

SOUTH SUDAN

IRAQ

LIBYA

NORWA Y

VENEZUE LA

ERITR EA

SYRIA

LUXEMBOU RG

FINLAN D

SWEDE N

SWITZERLA ND

SINGAPO RE

UNITED KINGDOM

AUSTRALI A

Majority of countries belong to the most corrupt have unitary form of government while the least corrupt are mostly federal

The Federal Government Operates Under: ONE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION ONE ARMED FORCES ONE FLAG ONE CENTRAL BANK ONE MONETARY SYSTEM ONE FOREIGN POLICY ONE EMBLEM

Distribution and Sharing of Powers Federal

Regional

• Regional elections • National security Shared • Regional Supreme Court, • Civil, political, intellectual, • Health Metropolitan Trial Courts property, human rights • Education • Licensure of public utilities • Foreign relations • istration and • National elections • Environment • Social Welfare enforcement of Regional laws • External trade • Energy • Regional socio-economic • Citizenship • Tourism planning • Currency/monetary •system Peace & Order • Immigration, extradition • Regional Finance • Supreme Court decisions • Regional infrastructure

How Will Federalism Help The Country? Let us count the

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Establishing Powerful Economic Regions

Federalism is not simply a ‘political’ undertaking, it is also an economic effort. By creating federal regions we shall immediately establish centers of power, finance and development throughout the country. 9

Equalization Fund

An Equalization Fund shall be established by the Federal Government to provide more funding for those regions in need to accelerate their development and progress

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Local Empowerment

Federalism allows regions to exercise right to self-determination such as to address their problems based on their own geographic, cultural, social and economic conditions 11

Incentives to Live, Work & Invest Outside Manila Federalism will promote economic opportunities in the regions and provide incentives for Filipinos to live and work in regions outside Metro Manila. More investors may also decide to put up their businesses outside Manila thus creating more jobs and opportunities to attract more people away from the congested mega cities. 12

Feasible Solution To The Mindanao Issues

The creation of the Bangsamoro Regional Government within a federalist system will address concerns of our Muslim brothers and sisters who crave more autonomy over the governance and istration of Muslim Mindanao. 13

Federalism on Political Dynasties In federalism with a strong political party system, political dynasties will become irrelevant. Political leaders will become more able to their Regional governments constituents. will no longer have any excuse for delays in services or projects. 14

Decentralization and Devolution of Powers Under the unitary system, we only have one center of power, finance and development: the Imperial Metro-Manila. Under Federalism, more powers are decentralized and devolved to local government 15

Power To Collect and Spend Taxes For Own Development Right now, local government units can only collect real estate taxes and business permit fees. In federalism, they can retain most of their revenue income collection

And they can spend the money on programs and policies according to their needs. 16

Proposed Sharing of Revenues Under the present system, 80% of the revenue collections goes to the National Government and only 20% is distributed to Local Government Units. In federalism, the distribution will be reversed 17

Estimated Sharing of Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) Under Federalism DESCRIPTION SAMPLE REVENUE NATIONAL GOVT SHARE Regional GOV'T SHARE PROVINCIAL GOV'T SHARE

PRESENT SHARING PhP1,000,000,000.00 60%

PhP600,000,000 none

9.2%

PhP92,000,000

PROPOSED SHARING UNDER FEDERALISM PhP1,000,000,000.00 30%

PhP300,000,000

21%

PhP 210,000,000

% DIFFERENCE -50%

CITIES SHARE MUNICIPALITIES SHARE

9.2%

PhP92,000,000

14.6%

PhP 146,363,636

+63%

13.6%

PhP136,000,000

21.36%

PhP 216,363,636

+63%

BRGY SHARE

8.0%

PhP80,000,000

12.72%

PhP 127,272,727

+63% 18

Basic Features of PresidentialParliamentary Political System • THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT ARE MERGED. (Reason: The Separation of Power causes intense rivalry and competition for power between the executive and legislative in a system that has turned very adversarial like Congressional Investigations of executive policies and actions, which unnecessarily delay and obstruct legislation. )

• THERE SHALL BE A BICAMERAL LEGISLATIVE BODY. (Senate to act as Principal Inter-governmental Institution and there will be two (2) Senators elected per region). 19

Basic Features, cont’d • There is a President who will be elected at large and is nominated by a political party following established procedures. He shall be the head of the state and Commander-In-Chief; • The President shall also have the authority to dissolve the Parliament under specific circumstances; • There shall be a Prime Minister (PM) who shall be nominated by the majority of the of the Parliament and appointed by the President. The PM shall be the head of government and can be removed by electing a new Prime Minister anytime during the term. 20

Cabinet • The President appoints the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defense and the military officers with the rank of full colonel and above. • Majority of the cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister from among the of the parliament. 21

Proposed Legislative Composition Legislative Powers Vested 1. of Senate and Parliament

2. Regional Legislatures

Form/ Manner of Election SENATORS WILL BE ELECTED BY REGIONS OF PARLIAMENT SHALL BE BY LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS AND PROPORTIONAL PARTY REPRESENTATIONS UNIICAMERAL / ELECTED BY LEGISLATIVE

Proposed Composition TWO (2) SENATORS FOR EVERY REGION AND OF PARLIAMENT FOR EVERY LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS AND PARTY REPRESENTATIONS

COMPOSED OF AT LEAST TWO (2) 22 REPRESENTATIVES FOR

Proposed Regional Governments It is proposed that there shall be as many federal regions as there are as many ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. However, Regional Governments shall be provided by the Federal Constitution following territorial, population & GDP requirements to determine sustainability. A Regional Government may be formed by at least 3 provinces or highly urbanized cities provided that it satisfies requirements provided by the constitution. Cordillera, Bangsamoro are deemed qualified as Regional Governments,

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What Will Happen To The Local Government Units Under A Federal System?

The local government units shall form part of the Regional Government. 24

What Will Happen To The Judiciary Under Federalism?

There shall be a Federal Supreme Court

Each region shall also have its own Regional Supreme Courts and adopt its judicial systems 25

Timeline

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MODE TO REVISE OUR CONSTITUTION •CON-ASS or Constituent Assembly, constituted by the incumbent Congressmen and Senators •CON-COM or Constitutional Commission, which will be composed by the Men and Women of integrity, patriotism and experts in their respective fields whose are directly appointed by the President. 27

Projected Timeline • It is probable that the constitutional revision shall have been completed not later than 2018 and submitted to the people thru a plebiscite by 2019, coinciding with the Mid-Term National Election; • From June, 2019 to 2020, sub-national government units (regions), in accordance with the ratified Federal Constitution, will make their respective Regional organic laws, submit for approval to Parliament and shall be ratified by the people thru a plebiscite 28

The Shift to Federal Republic of The Philippines • By 2020 to 2021, the process of effective, actual transition from unitary to a federal government should take place. • On May 2022, we will probably elect the President of the new Federal Republic of the Philippines, together with the of Parliament; • Federal President may be installed on June 30, 2022, and immediately thereafter, the first Prime Minister and of the Cabinet will be confirmed by the Parliament 29

Thank you! 30