Leisure And Sports And Recreation Management 1r2c3h

LEISURE AND SPORTS AND RECREATION MANAGEMENT Vincent A. Elumba Mr. Mark Alvero 3rd yr. BSHRM March 01, 2011 1. Volleyball-On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport,basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport less rough than basketball for older of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

2. Football-can be traced to early versions of rugby football. Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal and/or run over a line.

3. Bton-The beginnings of Bton can be traced to mid-18th century British India, where it was created by British military officers stationed there.] Early photographs show Englishmen adding a net to the traditionalEnglish game of battledore and shuttlecock. Being particularly popular in the British garrison town Poona (now Pune), the game also came to be known as Poona. Initially, balls of wool referred as ball bton were preferred by the upper classes in windy or wet conditions, but ultimately the shuttlecock stuck. This game was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed and rules were set out.

4. Basketball-basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution from an ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James Naismith.

5. Boxing-Fist fighting depicted in Sumerian relief carvings from the 3rd millennium BC, while an ancient Egyptian relief from the 2nd millennium BC depicts both fist-fighters and spectators. In 1927 Dr. E. A. Speiser, an archaeologist, discovered aMesopotamian stone tablet in Baghdad, Iraq depicting two men getting ready for a prize fight. The tablet is believed to be 7,000 years old. The earliest evidence for fist fighting with any kind of gloves can be found on Minoan Crete (c. 1500–900 BC), and on Sardinia, if we consider the boxing statues of Prama mountains (c. 2000–1000 BC).

6. Baseball-Americans played a version of the English game rounders in the early 19th century which they called "Town Ball." In fact, early forms of baseball had a number of names, including "Base Ball," "Goal Ball," "Round Ball," "Fletch-catch," "stool ball," and, simply, "Base." In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball like.

7. Swimming-History has not recorded the first person who swam. It could be assumed that folks came up with swimming thousands of years ago when they needed to get from one side of a pond, lake, stream, etc., to another and the boat or raft had not yet been invented.

8. Billiards-The origin of billiards is not definitely known. It may have begun in , Italy, Spain, or China. It also resembles an old English game called pall-mall, played on the ground with a four-inch wooden ball and a mallet. Billiards was played in Europe in the late 16th century. The game came to North America with the Spaniards in 1565. Through the years such figures as King Louis XIV of , Mary Queen of Scots, George Washington, and Theodore Roosevelt have taken cue in hand and lined up shots.

9. Running-The sport of running is undeniably the most ancient form of athletic competition. The mythological invention of the sport is found in such legends as that of Herakles. The sport is so ancient that it is impossible to clarify its exact time and place of its origin. Because of the strong connection between ancient Greek mythology and the sport of running, it is no great surprise that this sport was considered to be of major importance. Children were educated at an early age in the techniques and philosophies of the sport of running, a sport which was established as a permanent feature in children's education.

10.Chess-he history of chess spans some 1500 years. The earliest predecessors of the game originated inIndia, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to SouthernEurope. In Europe, chess evolved into its current form in the 15th century. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first world Chess Championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use of computersfor analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online gaming appeared in the mid 1990's.