Methodology (aurelio Primus Navire - Ppapk - Class A) y136f

C. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1

Research Design

The researcher used a Classroom Action Research method which was design to accomplish the aim of this study. In this study, the researcher aimed to find out the student’s improvement in their vocabulary skills through HotPotatoes. Classroom Action Research (CAR) is a systematic inquiry with the goal of informing practice in particular situation (Angelo and Cross, 1993:1). It means that classroom action research is a way for instructors or teachers to discover what works best in their own classroom situation, thus allowing informed decision about teaching. Furthermore, Corey (1993:1) defined action research as the process through which practitioners study their own practice to solve their personal practical problems. It means that action research is a collaborative activity where practitioners work together to help one another design and carry out investigation in their classrooms. (Husni, 2015:75) that argue action research may involve collaborations with colleagues, clients or professionals. There are two type approaches, Individual and collaborative approach (Wallace, 1998). Individual approach to action research is those which do not directly involve anyone else except the professionals concerned. Collaboration research involve other colleagues in the same institution. Action research may collaborate by observation, acting or making reflection with the researcher. Moreover, action research provided teachers with the opportunity to gain knowledge and skill in research methods and applications and to become more aware of the options and possibilities for change (Oja & Pine, 1989: 96). It means that the teachers participating in action research become more critical and reflective about their own practice. The teachers engaging in action research attend more carefully to their methods, their perceptions and understandings, and their whole approach to the teaching process. The researcher uses classroom action research because it is an approach of improving education through change, by encouraging teachers to use HotPotatoes to help students improving their vocabulary. The method used a vocabulary test. 3.2

Participants

The subject of this research will be the 7th grade of SMP Gembala Baik Pontianak. Only one class will be the subject that is class 7A and 20 students consist of 10 boys and 10 girls. Classroom action research dealt with the problem faced by the students when they wrote or

said. Referring to the problem, the researcher tries to find problem solution. Problem solution conducted by the researcher was CALL through application named HotPotatoes. 3.3

Technique of Data Collection

The technique will be used to collect the data is a test that will do before the students start the class to see how far student’s vocabulary skill is. The result of the first test will tell the researcher in the student’s vocabulary skill. An instrument is anything used to collect data (Schreiber & Asber-self, 2011). Instrument of the research is a tool or facility that is used by researcher for collecting data in order to get better result. To get an accurate data, this research will use questionnaire and test. A. Questionnaire Oxford University Press (2007) in its article said that a questionnaire was a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The researcher uses questionnaire in order to find an appropriate treatment to treat the students although the questionnaire is often designed for statistical analysis of the responses. Arikunto (2006:151), questionnaire could be in the form of multiple choice, essay, check-list and rating-scale so respondents would only select one of the provided answers in it. In conducting this study, the researcher will use an essay which consist of some questions. B. Test Referring to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_(student_assessment) (2007) in its article it said that in education, certification, counseling, and many other fields, a test or exam (short for examination) was a tool or technique intended to measure students' expression of knowledge, skills and/or abilities. In this study, the researcher will use two kind of test, they are pre-test and posttest. The purpose of giving the classroom tests was to check the students’ achievement as an indicator of progress toward educational objectives set for the students. 3.4

Tools of Data Collection

Data collecting through in the field research, they are: 1. Giving the students pre-test before doing treatment to identify the vocabulary ability that they had.

2. Giving the students questionnaire in order to know their condition and then then find the appropriate treatment. 3. Giving the students some treatments. 4. Giving the students post-test in order to know the result after giving treatment. Pre-Test Pre-test is given before the treatments. After giving the test, the writer determines the statically analysis technique to find out student’s vocabulary score. In simple , test explained as a method which is used to measure competence, knowledge, intelligence, and ability of talent which is possessed by individual or group to collect data. The instrument of the test in this research is a vocabulary test (matching exercise from HotPotatoes) about sports (See Appendix 2) which is student must be able identify what sport is explained in each number of the test items. Post-Test Post-test will be held after all treatments are conducted. The instrument of the test is same with pre-test but the item test will be more complex (See Appendix 3). This test is used to measure students’ achievement after they are given treatments. The result of test will be analyzed statistically by looking for the mean and the percentage of the test result. This aim is to compare between the pre-test and post-test. 3.5

Technique of Analyzing Data

After get the data, the next steps are: 1. Scoring the student’s answer 2. Tabulating the student’s score 3. Classifying the student’s score of the test into seven levels as follows; a. 9,60 to 100 is classified as excellent b. 8,60 to 9,50 is classified as very good c. 7,60 to 8,50 is classified as good d. 6,60 to 7,50 is classified as fairly good e. 5,60 to 6,50 is classified as fair f. 3,60 to 5,50 is classified as poor g. 0,00 to 3,50 is classifies as very poor (Dekdikbud, 1985: 5)

3.6

Validity and Reliability

Validity of the test can be called valid test if it measures internal knowledge or measure what should be measured. Based on the testing of validity, (Arikunto, 2006:169) divides validity into two types: external validity and internal validity. While Reliability shown an understanding that an instrument is reliable enough to be used as a means of collecting data because the instrument is ready enough. (Arikunto, 2006:178) To find out the validity and reliability, the writer uses a Pearson product moment correlation (Arikunto;2006). The formula explained below.

The level of correlation is as follows: Table 1 The (r) Product Moment Table Product Moment (r)

Interpretation

0.00 – 0.20

Very low

0.20 - 0.40

Low

0.40 – 0.70

Moderate

0.70 – 0.90

High

0.90 – 1.00

Very High