One Word Substitution 122t6n

One Word Substitution 1. One who is out to subvert a government :Anarchist.2. One who is recovering from illness : Convalescent.3. One who is all powerful :Omnipotent.4. One who is present everywhere :Omnipresent.5. One who knows everything :Omniscient.6.One who is easily deceived :Gullible 7. One who does not make mistakes :Infallible.8. One who can do anything for money :Mercenary.9. One who has no money :Pauper 10. One who changes sides :Turncoat.11. One who works for free :Volunteer.12. One who loves books :Bibliophile 13. One who can speak two languages :Bilingual.14. One who loves mankind :Philanthropist.15. One who hates mankind :Misanthrope 16. One who looks on the bright side of things : Optimist.17. One who looks on the dark side of things :Pessimist 18. One who doubts the existence of god :Agnostic.19. One who pretends to be what he is not :Hypocrite 20. One incapable of being tired :Indefatigable.21. One who helps others Good :Samaritan.22. One who copies from other writers :Plagiarist 23. One who hates women :Misogynist.24. One who knows many languages :Polyglot 25. One who is fond of sensuous pleasures :Epicure.26. One who thinks only of himself : Egoist 27. One who thinks only of welfare of women :Feminist..28. One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain :Stoic 29. One who is quite like a woman :Effeminate.30. One who has strange habits :Eccentric 31. One who speaks less :Reticent.32. One who goes on foot :Pedestrian 33. One who believes in fate :Fatalist.34. One who dies without a Will :Intestate 35. One who always thinks himself to be ill :Valetudinarian.36. A Government by the people :Democracy 37. A Government by a king or queen :Monarchy.38. A Government by the officials : Bureaucracy 39. A Government by the rich : Plutocracy.40. A Government by the few :Oligarchy 41. A Government by the Nobles :Aristocracy.42. A Government by one :Autocracy 43. Rule by the mob :Mobocracy.44. That through which light can :Transparent 45. That through which light cannot :Opaque.46. That through which light can partly :Translucent 47. A sentence whose meaning is unclear :Ambiguous.48. A place where orphans live :Orphanage 49. That which cannot be described :Indescribable.50. That which cannot be imitated :Inimitable 51. That which cannot be avoided : Inevitable.52. A position for which no salary is paid :Honorary 53. That which cannot be defended :Indefensible.54. Practice of having several wives : Polygamy 55. Practice of having several husbands :Polyandry 56. Practice of having one wife or husband :Monogamy 57. Practice of having two wives or husbands :Bigamy 58. That which is not likely to happen : Improbable 59. People living at the same time :Contemporaries 60. A book published after the death of its author :Posthumous 61. A book written by an unknown author :Anonymous 62. A life history written by oneself :Autobiography 63. A life history written by somebody else :Biography 64. People who work together :Colleagues 65. One who eats too much :Glutton 66. That which cannot be satisfied :Insatiable 67. One who questions everything :Cynic 68. A flesh eating animal :Carnivorous 69. A grass eating animal :Herbivorous 70. One who lives in a foreign country :Immigrant 71. To transfer one's authority to another :Delegate 72. One who is a newcomer :Neophyte 73. That which is lawful :Legal 74. That which is against law :Illegal 75. One who is unmarried :Celibate 76. A game in which no one wins :Draw 77. A study of man :Anthropology 78. A study of races :Ethnology 79. A study of the body :Physiology 80. A study of animals :Zoology 81. A study of birds :Ornithology 82. A study of ancient things :Archaeology 83. A study of derivation of words :Etymology 84. Murder of a human being :Homicide 85. Murder of a father : Patricide 86. Murder of a mother :Matricide 87. Murder of an brother : Fratricide 88. Murder of an infant :Infanticide 89. Murder of self :Suicide 90. Murder of the king :Regicide 91. To free somebody from all blame :Exonerate 92. To write under a different name :Pseudonym 93. A thing no longer in use :Obsolete 94. A handwriting that cannot be read :Illegible 95. Words written on the tomb of a person :Epitaph 96. One who is greedy for money :Avaricious 97. Something that cannot be imitated :Inimitable 98. One who doesn't know how to read and write :Illiterate 99. A person's peculiar habit :Idiosyncrasy 100. An animal who preys on other animals : Predator 101. Violating the sanctity of a church : Sacrilege 102. One who can throw his voice :Ventriloquist

Tips for Punctuation End Marks * Use a period after a declarative or imperative statement: I went to the library. Sign your name here. * Use a question mark after a direct question or to indicate uncertainty: What is your name? Chaucer's dates are 1340?–1400. Do not use a question mark after an indirect question: I asked them what time they were leaving. * Use an exclamation point after an exclamatory or emphatic sentence or an interjection: Give me a break! Hey! Ouch! Wow! Comma Use a comma: * To separate words in a list or series: The baby likes grapes, bananas, and cantaloupe. * To separate two or more adjectives that come before a noun when and can be substituted without changing the meaning: He had a kind, generous nature. The dog had thick, soft, shiny fur. Do not use the comma if the adjectives together express a single idea or the noun is a compound made up of an adjective and a noun: The kitchen had bright yellow curtains. A majestic bald eagle soared overhead. * To set off words or phrases in apposition to a noun: George Eliot, the great 19th-century novelist, was born in 1819. Do not use commas when the appositive word or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence: The novelist George Eliot was born in 1819. * To set off nonessential phrases and clauses: My French professor, who has an odd sense of humor, has been teaching for some 30 years. Do not use commas when the phrase or clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence: The professor who teaches my French class has an odd sense of humor. * To separate the independent clauses ed by a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence: He lives in New York, and she lives in London. Some people like golf, but others prefer tennis. * To set off interrupters such as of course, however, I think, and by the way from the rest of the sentence: She knew, of course, that he was lying. By the way, I'll be away next week. * To set off an introductory word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of a sentence: Yes, I'd like to go with you. After some years, we met again. Being tall, she often gets teased. * To set off a word in direct address: Thanks, guys, for all your help. How was your trip, Kathy? * To set off a tag question: You won't do that again, will you? * To introduce a short quotation: The queen said, “Let them eat cake!” * To close the salutation in a personal letter and the complimentary close in a business or personal letter: Dear Mary, … Sincerely, Fred * To set off titles and degrees: Sarah Little, Ph.D.Robert Johnson, Jr. * To separate sentence elements that might be read incorrectly without the comma: As they entered, in the shadows you could see a figure lurking. * To set off the month and day from the year in full dates: The conference will be held on August 6, 2001. Do not use a comma when only the month and year appear: The conference will be held in August 2001.

* To set off the city and state in an address: Sam Green 10 Joy Street Boston, MA 02116 If the address is inserted into text, add a second comma after the state: Cincinnati, Ohio, is their home. Colon Use a colon: * To introduce a list, or words, phrases, and clauses that explain, enlarge upon, or summarize what has gone before: Please provide the following: your name, address, and phone number. “No honest poet can ever feel quite sure of the permanent value of what he has written: He may have wasted his time and messed up his life for nothing.”—T. S. Eliot * To introduce a long quotation: In 1780 John Adams wrote: “English is destined to be in the next and succeeding centuries more generally the language of the world than Latin was in the last or French is in the present age…” * To separate hour and minute(s) in standard time notation: The train arrives at 9:30. * To close the salutation in a business letter: Dear Sir or Madam: Semicolon Use a semicolon: * To separate the independent clauses in a compound sentence not ed by a conjunction: Only two seats were left; we needed three. The situation is hopeful; the storm may lift soon. * To separate two independent clauses, the second of which begins with an adverb such as however, consequently, moreover, and therefore: We waited an hour; however, we couldn't hang around indefinitely. * To separate elements already punctuated with commas: Invitations were mailed to the various professors, associate professors, and assistant professors; the secretary of the department; and some of the grad students. Dashes & Hyphens * Use a dash to indicate a sudden break in continuity or to set off an explanatory, a defining, or an emphatic phrase: The sky grew dark—where were the kids? Dairy foods—milk, cheese, yogurt—are a good source of calcium. * Use a hyphen to the elements of a compound word or to the elements of a compound modifier before a noun: * Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line: Rasputin is one of history's most enigmatic and intriguing figures. Brackets & Parentheses * Use brackets to set off words or letters in quoted matter that have been added by someone other than the author: “She [Willa Cather] is certainly one of the great American writers of the 20th century.” * Use parentheses to set off nonessential information: We spent an hour (more or less) cleaning up. Apostrophe Use an apostrophe to indicate: * The possessive case of singular and plural nouns, indefinite pronouns, and proper nouns: my sister's son somebody's lunch my two sisters' sons Charles's house the children's toys the Rosses' friends * The plural of letters, numbers, symbols, and words used as such: too many thus's ten 5's in a row spelled with two e's delete some &'s * Missing letters in contractions and missing numbers in dates:

I'm (I am) class of '95 ma'am (madam) winter of '97–'98 Quotation Marks Use quotation marks: * To set off direct quotations: “Let's go to the beach,” she suggested. * To set off titles of short stories, articles, chapters, essays, songs, poems, and individual radio and television programs: Chapter 9, “The New Englishes” sang the “Star-Spangled Banner” “The Apparent Trap” episode of Frasier * To set off words and phrases that are being used in an unusual or questionable way or might be preceded by so-called: Mari's “fine” was a day's volunteer work. According to the article, bees appear to “” landmarks Dawn Word List Many junior are disconcert regarding the selection of prolific vocabulary. We are often advised to go through the Dawn news-paper vocabulary. Consequently, This thread contains the words frequently published in Dawn. are requested to add their contribution too. Aberration: deviation; abnormality Abstruse: Difficult to comprehend Acumen: sharpness of mind Adroit: skill-ful (Maladroit = clumsy) Adulation: worship; great praise Advocate: Affability: friendliness; cordiality Affinity: kinship Affluence: wealth; oppulence Agnostic: unsure of the existence of god Alacrity: speed & eagerness; promptness Alleviate: make less serve; reduce Altruism: self-sacrifice Amalgam: mixture Amassed: accumulated Ambiguous: vague; doubtful; equivocal Ameliorate: make better; improve Amiable: friendly; lovable Anachronistic: out of normal time range (Root -- chron always implies the time) Animosity: hostility; hatred; ill-will Apathetic: lacking energy or interest; indifference Arable: cab be cultivated; fit for pillowing (example: arable land) Arbitration: mediating between disputing sides Arboreal: living in trees (Root -- Arbor always relates to trees) Arcane: esoteric; obscure; known only to few people Archaic: old-fashioned Articulation: ing; speaking clearly; distinct Ascertain: find out; make sure Astute: wise; mentally sharp Augment: increase in size or number Aural: through the sense of hearing Autocrat: absolute ruler; dictator Autonomy: self-government Barrage: bombardment; stream (of abuse etc.); continous attack Belabor: over-emphasizing Belied: contradicted Belitters: people who criticize/disparage Benevolent: kindly; cheritable Boorishness: rudeness; ill-mannered behavior Bountiful: generous Brevity: briefness By: avoid; find a way around Byzantine: excessive; decadent Cacophony: noise; din Callous: cruel & unfeeling Candid: truthful; straight forward; free from prejudice Capricious: whimsical; changeable Censure: criticize; blame Cerebral: concerned with thinking Circumstantial: accidental; indirect Insightful: perceptive; can be understood

Insipid: flavourless; bland Insolence: lack of respect; rudeness; impudence Insolvent: bankrupt Insufferable: can not be tolerated Insular: narrow-minded Insurrectionist: rebel; combative Integrity: honor; honesty Intemperate: not moderate; excessive Intermittent: on & off; not continous; spasmodic Intonation: tone of voice intrigued: interested and curious Intuition: sixth sense; gut feeling Invocation: prayer Irony: something unexpected; words to convey opposite meaning Irreproachable: can not be criticized; blameless (Reproach = critize) Irresolute: lacking firmness of purpose; hesitant Irreverence: lack of respect Jaded: tired; bored Jeopardize: put at risk; endanger Judicious: fair; wise Juxtaposition: placing two things next to each other Knack: trick; skill Lackadaisical: lazy; careless; lax Lamentable: regrettable Languid: Lacking energy; weak Lavish: to spend freely(v); costing alot; opulent(adj) Legitimate: to make legal; give approval to Libelous: open to prosecution forr libel (libel = written slander) Lithe: flexible; supple Litigious: seeking legal remedies Lobby: to try to persuade; entrance hall Lucid: clear; explained Magnanimous: generous minded; big-hearted Mandate: permission Mandatory: compulsory Manifesto: statement of values Manipulative: deceptive; skill-ful at handling people Marred: spoiled; ruined Meager: small; scanty; unimportant Mercenary: seeking money above all else; interested in money and gain Meticulous: thorough; taking care of details Miffed: annoyed; vex Mitigate: moderate; reduce intensity Modicum: tiny amount Momentous: of great importance Monotonous: dull; repetitive Morbidity: concern with death and disease Motley: varied; miscellaneous Circumvent: avoid; outwit; baffle Coalition: a union of two parts Ceorce: compel; force Cognitions: mental knowledge Compendious: containing a lot in a small space/few words Conciliatory: bringing together; ending a dispute; soothing Concord: agreement Condone: tolerate Conflagration: great fire Congenial: friendly; sociable; suitable Connoisseur: expert with good taste/ judgement Consecrate: dedicate; make holy Consummate: supremely good Contagious: ed on through touch; infectious Convergence: coming together Convivial: sociable Copious: in large amount Corollary: consequence; inference Corpulence: very fat-ness Corroborated: ed; given ing evidence Credulity: belief on slight evidence Cumulative: building up Cursory: superficial Curtail: cut short Dalliance: non-serious involvement; toying or playing Dearth: shortage; lacking Debacle: disaster Debilitate: weaken

Debunk: throw out old indeas Deferment: putting off Deleterious: harmful Deliberation: careful thought Delineate: outline Demagogue: mob leader; agitator Demonstrative: expressing emotions freely Denuded: stripped Depreciatory: devaluing; criticizing Derelict: rundown; abandoned Derided: mocked Despoiled: plunder; rob; deprive Devious: cunning Didactic: intending to preach or teach; an act of teaching Dilatory: slow; sluggish Disarming: charming; unthreatening Discernment: judgement Discrepancy: inconsistency Disillusioned: freed from wrong ideas Disingenuous: crafy; double dealing Disparaging: critical Distension: swelling; distend; expand here are some more DAWN words. nifty;clever,adriot,smart,stylish nincompoop;foolish person niggle;fuss over details,find fault in petty matters humdrum;dull,common place vanity;unreal thing valiant;brave shrugged;to draw up shoulders or gesture of indifference zit;pimple gig;engagement to play music fret;worry,distressed warped;distorted narcissism;excessive or erotic interest in oneself palpabel;that can be touched,readily percieved profane;irrelevent,blasphemous,violate bludgeons;heavy club,coerce vilify;defame,speak ill of Multifarious: having many aspects Myopic: short-sighted (literal or metaphoric) Naivete: innocence; lack of wordliness Nefarious: infamous; very wicked Negate: wipe out; nullify Nemesis: fate; doom Nihilism: belief in nothing; anarchy Nondescript: having no special qualities; ordinary Notoriety: infamy Obsequious: slavish; fawning Occlusion: shutting out Officious: interfering Onerous: burdensome Opacity: lack of transparency; being opaque Opportunism: grabbing opportunities Opting: choosing Opulence: lavish display of wealth Ornate: extremely decorated Overhaul: renovate; examine Palliative: sth that makes better but doesn`t cure; easy pain Pathos: sadness; stirring the emotions; gloomy Paucity: scarcity; shortage Peer: An equal; to look closely at Peevishness: childish sullenness; irritability Penchant: tendency; leaning toward; liking Penurious: miserly Perquisites: perks; sth you recieve for your job Petulant: touchy; sulky; peevish Phlegmatic: calm; imperturbable Phobic: fearful (Root phobia always implies fear) Pilfer: steal; filch; rustle Placid: peaceful; calm; serene Plaudits: praise Pliant: flexible Polarized: divided into two extremes Pragmatism: practicality

Preclude: prevent; make impossible Precursor: forerunner; sth comes before Predilection: liking for; penchant Presumption: assuming too much Profundity: depth (of ideas/thoughts) Propensity: tendency; leaning predilection Proponent: er Prosaic: ordinary; dull Prospectus: brochure Prudent: wise; cautious Punctilious: meticulous Purportedly: apparently claiming Quell: suppress; to stop sth such as protests Quixotic: idealistic; impractical Radical: revolutionary Docile: obedient; subservient Dubious: doubtful Eclectic: taking things from different sources; selective Effacement: wiping out; rub out; (self-effacement = excessive modesty) Egotistical: selfish Elitist: favoring top group; snob Elusive: difficult to pin down Emancipators: those who set others free Embellished: adorned; decorated Embittered: full of bitter feelings Embodiment: living example of Empathetic: exhibiting deep emotional understanding Empiric: found by experiment/practice Encomed: included; surrounded Encroach: tres; violate Endorsed: ed Entourage: group of followers; retinue; cortege Envisioning: imagining; predicting Epitome: essence; typical example or symbol of Equanimity: peace of mind; balance; calm Equitable: fair and equal Eradicate: wipe out; remove Erudition: learning; scholarly knowledge Esoteric: obscure; arcane; known to few Estrangement: separation Eulogy: praise Exacerbate: make worse Exasperation: frustration and annoyance Excise: cut out Exemplar: excellent example of Exonerated: proved not guilty; acquit Exorbitant: excessive Exotic: strange; foreign Expeditious: speedy; hasten Extant: still in existence; opposite of extinct Extirpation: destruction Extol: praise; glorify Extrapolate: predict on the basis of existing data; extended Facile: over simplified Faction: section; group with common interests Fastidious: very fussy; excessively concerned (esp. about cleanliness) Fawning: groveling; slavish; obsequious Fidelity: faithfulness; loyalty Finagle: wheedle; wangle; trick Finesse: skill Fitful: intermittent; on and off; not continous Flabbergast: shock; make speechless Flag: to lose energy; to signal Rambunctious: boisterous; highly exuberant; unruly Rancor: bitterness and bad feeling Ratify: give approval to (official) Raze: known down, destroy Reclusive: Avoid other people; solitary Recrimination: blame Rectitude: uprightness Redolent: smelling of (literal or metaphoric) Regressive: moving backwards (literal or metaphoric) Rehash: revamp hurriedly/carelessly; to arrange in new form without improvement Remiss: neglectful Repertoire: range; set of skills Reprehensible: very bad; culpable; blame worthy

Reprieve: let off (atleast temporarily); delay; cancel Reprimanded: scolded Resilience: strength; ability to withstand Resolute: firm of purpose Retraction: removal; taking back Rhetoric: persuasive language Robust: strong and sturdy Rousing: stirring; full of enthusiasm Rudimentary: elementary; basic; not developed Salvageable: can be saved Sanctity: holiness Sarcasm: sneering; bitter remarks; ironic or taunting Scouring: cleaning thoroughly; thorough searching; comb Scrutinize: examine carefully Scuttled: sunk; foil Secluded: lonely; isolated Sedate: calm; placid Seditious: causing division or rebellion Sedulous: thorough; eager Serene: peaceful Sermonize: give moral lecture Shroud: a cover for dead body; to cover Slipshod: careless; untidy Solace: comfort Solicitous: expressing care and concern Somber: gloomy Sophistry: devious logic Soporific: sleep inducing; sleep producer Sporadic: intermittent; not continous; short stayed Spurned: shunned; rejected Squander: waste Squelch: suppress; crush Steadfastness: loyalty; firmness of purpose Stifling: suppressing Stipulated: insisted Substantiate: give ing evidence Floridity: floweriness in language; redness Foil: frustrate; battle; defeat Formidable: inspiring awe; impressive and powerful difficulty Foster: ; encourage Foundered: sank; failed; stumbled Fraudulent: crooked; intending to cheat Frugal: economical; parsimony Furtive: secretive Futile: useless; waste of time and effort Gestures: signals Glacial: icy; unfriendly Glutton: greedy; spearing in eating and drinking Grating: harsh; rasping; irritating Gratuitous: free; unwarranted Grimy: dirty Hackneyed: commonplace; banal; over-used Heterogeneity: variety; non-uniformity Hilarity: great laughter Histronic: melodramatic; expressing exaggerated emotion Holistic: whole; entire Hubris: excessive pride; haughtiness Husbandry: careful management of resources Idiosyncratic: quirky; eccentric; unique to an individual Igominy: shame Imperious: in a commanding manner Impetuosity: impulsiveness; rash Impudent: cheeky; irrespectful Inane: silly Incoherence: lack of clarity Inconsequential: unimportant Inconspicuous: not easily seen; indiscernible Indiscriminate: without thought; random; careless Indomitable: unshakeable; fearless Indulgent: kindly; pampering Ineffable: cant be expressed in words Ineptitude: lack of ability Infelicity: unsuitabilility; inappropriateness Infusion: influx; addition Ingenuous: naive Indigenous: native to a locality

Indictment: charge; legal accusation Innocuous: harmless Inscrutable: not easy to comprehend Subversive: intending to overthrow; seditious; split Succulent: juicy Supplant: replace; usurp Supple: flexible; pliant; lithe Surfeit: excess Sustain: ; experience Sycophant: toady; servile flatterer Tactile: through the sense of touch Tangential: off the point; irrelevant Temper: moderate Temperamental: volatile; changeable Temporize: put off; procratinate; delay Tenacious: holding firmly to idea or purpose Therapeutic: medicinal Thwarted: prevented Transitory: short-lived; not continous Teacly: too sweet; over sentimental Tremulous: hestitant Tribulation: trouble Truculence: stubborness Undermine: weaken Unequivocal: certain; undoubtful Unwitting: not deliberated Unyielding: not giving up Vacillate: waver; hesitate Validated: proved right Valor: bravery Venality: corruption Versatility: ability to do many things Vex: annoy Vicarious: experience indirectly; at secondhand Vigilant: wary; watchful Vindication: proving right; acquittal Vindictive: seeking revenge Viscous: thick and sticky Volatile: evaporates easily; mercurial; easily angered; emotional Voluminous: large; bulky; extensive Vulnerable: open to attack; susceptible Waning: declining Warped: twisted; distorted Wary: cautious Wannow: sift; separate good from bad Wistful: sad; yearning; longing in a thoughtful way Important word-list I have selected these words for maximum usefulness. all have appeared in recent years on the SAT, GMAT and GRE tests. I am not wasting your time on obscure words that you will never hear again. The following words are also taken from various english magazines, articles and newspapers. Abhor: hate Bigot: narrow-minded, prejudiced person Counterfeit: fake; false Enfranchise: give voting rights Hamper: hinder; obstruct Kindle: to start a fire Noxious: harmful; poisonous; lethal Placid: calm; peaceful Remuneration: payment for work done Talisman: lucky charm Abasement: humiliation; degradation Billowing: swelling; fluttering; waving Cower: recoil in fear or servility; shrink away from Enhance: improve; make better or clearer Harangue: noisy, attacking speech Labyrinth: a maze Nullify: to counter; make unimportant Plaintiff: petitioner (in court of law) Replete: full Tangible: can be touched Plagiarism: taking credit for someone else's writing or ideas Knotty: complex; difficult to solve Engender: cause Covert: hidden; undercover Abrogate: cancel; deny; repeal

Blasphemy: speech which offends religious sentiments Credible: believable Enigma: puzzle; mystery Harbingers: indicators; bringers of warnings Labyrinthine: complicated; highly convoluted Plaudit: statement giving strong praise Reprehensible: shameful; very bad Tardy: slow; late; overdue; delayed Creditable: praiseworthy Hasten: hurry; accelerate; rush Laceration: a cut Obdurate: stubborn Plausible: can be believed; reasonable Reprieve: a respite; postponement of a sentence Tawdry: of little value; gaudy Abstain: desist; go without; withdraw Blighted: damaged; destroyed; ruined Credulous: gullible; ready to believe anything Enshroud: cover Haughtiness: arrogance; pride Lachrymose: tearful; sad Obfuscate: deliberately make something difficult to understand Plethora: an excess Repudiate: shun; eschew; back from statement Tedium: boredom Abstemious: self denying; refraining from indulging Enunciation: clear pronunciation; accent; articulation Headstrong: stubborn; willful Lackluster: dull; monotonous; bland Objective: unbiased; not subjective Pliable: flexible; not stubborn Rescind: retract; repeal Temper: to moderate; soften Abstruse: difficult to understand; obscure Cringe: recoil; flinch; shy away Envenom: to cause bitterness and bad feeling Hedonism: self indulgence; pleasure-seeking Laconic: using few words; brief; to the point Oblique: indirect; slanting Tenacious: stubborn; resolute; holding firm to a purpose Accolade: tribute; honor; praise Bolster: ; prop up Cryptic: puzzling; enigmatic Ephemeral: short-lived Lamentation: expression of regret or sorrow Obliterate: destroy; demolish; eradicate Plummet: fall suddenly and steeply Resolution: determination Tentative: not certain Acquiesce: to agree to; give in to Bombast: arrogant, pompous language Curtail: cut short Heed: listen to Lampoon: ridicule; spoof Oblivious: totally unaware Podium: raised platform Resonant: echoing Tenuous: flimsy; not solid Acrid sharp; pungent (used of smells and tastes) Boorish ill-mannered Cynical believing that people act only out of selfish motives Heresy against orthodox opinion Obscure difficult to understand; partially hidden Poignant deeply moving; strongly affecting the emotions Respite a break; intermission Terse concise; to the point Debility weakness; incapacity Hiatus interruption; pause Languid tired; slow Obscured: hidden; covered; buried Poised: calm; collected; self-possessed Resplendent: shining; glowing Therapeutic: medicinal; curative Acuity: sharpness (mental or visual) Braggart: someone who boasts Debunking: exposing false claims or myths Hidebound: rigid in opinions Languish: decay; fade away; get weaker Obsequious: servile; submissive Polemical: causing debate or argument

Restorative: a tonic Thwart: prevent; frustrate Adamant: forceful; inflexible Brawny: muscular Equivocate: speak ambiguously; avoid telling the truth Hieroglyphics: 1. picture writing; 2. writing which is difficult to read or enigmatic Larceny: theft; robbery; stealing Ponderous: weighty; slow and heavy Retention: preservation; withholding Timorous: cowardly; fearful Adroit: skilful Brevity being brief Decorum: dignified, correct behavior [decorous (a)] Err: make a mistake Hinder: obstruct Largess: generosity Obsolete: no longer valid Reticent: restrained; holding something back; uncommunicative Tirade: stream of verbal abuse Adulation: strong iration; worship Bristle: to show irritation Erratic: wandering; irregular Histrionic: theatrical; exaggerated Laud: praise Portend: foretell Retraction: withdrawal; cancellation of a statement Titter: giggle quietly Adversity: hardship Broach: start to discuss; approach Deference: respect Esoteric: obscure and difficult to understand Hoary: old; white with old age Lavish: on a grand scale; wasteful Obtuse: mentally dull Portent: a warning sign; omen Revere: worship Advocate: Brusque: blunt; abrupt Espouse: promote; take up; Hone: sharpen; increase; whet Lax: careless; not strict Obviate: avoid; make unnecessary Poseur: someone who puts on an act Riddled: full of (usually full of holes) Torpid: inactive; lazy; stagnant Defunct: no longer in existence Etymology: the study of word origins Legend: 1. key to map; 2. myth or story Odious: hateful Posterity future generations Rife: common Torpor: dormancy; sluggishness; inactivity Affable: friendly; social; easygoing Bureaucracy: officialdom Degradation: deprivation; poverty; debasement Eulogy: praise Hypochondriac: a person obsessed with health; having imaginary illnesses Legion: in large numbers Officious: domineering; intrusive; meddlesome Posthumous: after death Rigor: thoroughness Totter: walk unsteadily Alacrity: eagerness; enthusiasm; quickness Deleterious: harmful Euphemism: a polite phrase to cover something unpleasant Hypocritical: insincere Lethargic: tired; without energy Ogle: stare at; observe in an obvious manner Robust: strong; healthy; tough Tractable: obedient; dutiful; polite Deliberate: to think over deeply Euphony: pleasant sounds Iconoclast: person who opposes orthodoxy Levity: flippancy; joking about serious matters; lightness Olfactory: concerned with the sense of smell Alibi: an excuse that shows someone was not at a crime scene Buttress: strengthen; Delineation: demarcation; explanation; definition; outlining

Evacuate: vacate; empty; abandon Idiosyncrasy: a personal peculiarity; something unique to an individual Libertarian: someone who opposes tyranny Ominous: threatening Potent: powerful; compelling; strong Ruminate: think over something; ponder Transcribe: copy Allay: to lessen Byline: the line that tells you who wrote an article Demur: hesitate; refuse Exacerbate: make worse Ignominious: shameful Omnipotent: all-powerful Pragmatic: practical Ruse trick; stratagem Transgress: go astray; disobey; commit a sin Alleviate: make less severe Cacophony: discordant loud noises Denounce: condemn; speak out against Exasperated: frustrated; annoyed Ignominy: shame [ignominious (a) = shameful] Lithe: flexible; supple Omniscient: all-knowing Pragmatist: practical person; one who is concerned with usefulness Saccharin: falsely sweet Transient: short-lived; ephemeral Aloof: distant; detached; cold Cajole: coax; wheedle; decieve by flattery Deplete: use up; lessen Exceptionable: very bad (something which we should object to) Illuminate: to light up or make clear Livid: very angry Onerous: burdensome; hard to undertake Preamble: introductory material Sacrosanct: very holy; inviolable Traverse: to move across Altruism: putting others first; being self-sacrificing Deplore: regret Exculpate: free someone from blame; pardon; acquit Illusory: deceptive; false; misleading Lobbyist: person who tries to persuade someone to a particular cause Onus: burden Precarious: unstable; risky Sagacious: wise Trepidation: fear Amass: accumulate Callow: immature Depravity: moral corruption Execrable: very, very bad Immoderate: excessive; extreme Lofty: snooty; arrogant; haughty Opaque: does not let light through Precedent: a previous occurrence used as a guide Sage: a wise person; person celebrated for wisdom Trinket: something of little value; knick-knack Ambiguity: uncertainty; vagueness Candid: frank; honest Deprecate: criticize; denounce Immutable: unchanging; permanent Longevity: long life Opulent: wealthy; rich; magnificent Precept: guiding principle Salacious: lecherous; erotic Trite: unoriginal; dull Ambiguous: unclear in meaning; can be interpreted in different ways Candor: frankness; openness Deride: ridicule; make fun of; mock Exemplary: outstandingly good; setting a fine example Impartial: unbiased; neutral Loquacious: talkative Sallow: yellowish Trivial: unimportant Ambivalence: lack of clarity; wavering; being undecided Cantankerous bad-tempered; quarrelsome Exemplify: to serve as a good example Impecunious: having no money Lucid: clear

Ornate: highly decorated Salubrious: health-giving Truant: shirker; someone absent without permission Ambulatory: able to walk around (used of hospital patients) Capacious: spacious Desecrate: to damage or pollute a holy place Exhaustive: complete and thorough Impious wicked; profane Ludicrous: ridiculous; silly Orthodox: conventional Precipitous: done in a hurry Salutary: something which teaches you a lesson; beneficial Truncate: cut short Ameliorate: make better Capitulate: surrender; give in to Exonerates: acquits; absolves; removes blame Impoverished: destitute; poor Ossify: 1. turn to bone; 2. become fixed and rigid Preclude: prevent or make impossible Sanctimonious: hypocritically holy Tumult: uproar; noise Amelioration: improvement Carping: constant criticism; finding faults Desist: stop; discontinue; cease Exorcism: getting free/rid of; eliminating (especially demons) Impromptu: unrehearsed; spontaneous Lummox: clumsy person Ostentatious: showy Precocious: developing early Sanction: give approval to Turpitude: depravity Amiable: friendly; lovable Cartographer: person who makes maps Despondent: having no hope; miserable Expatriate: refugee; emigrant; someone living away from his own country Inadvertent: not intentional Luscious: juicy; moist; succulent Oust: push out of a position Predecessor: one who came before Sanguinary: bloodthirsty; bloody Tyro: novice; beginner Amity: friendship Castigate: scold strongly Destitution: hardship; poverty; misery Expedient: convenient; practical Lynch: assassinate; kill; illegal hanging Overt: obvious; not hidden Predicament: dilemma; difficult situation Sanguine: optimistic; cheerful Ubiquitous: found everywhere; omnipresent Amorphous: lacking in shape Deter: put off; prevent Expedite: make faster Incarceration: putting in prison Machinations: plots and plans Preeminent: famous; outstanding Sardonic: mocking Unalloyed: undiluted; total Analgesic: medicine to combat pain Caucus: type of private political meeting Deteriorate: worsen; decline Exposition: clear explanation Incessant: without stopping Maelstrom: whirlpool; storm in the ocean Prerogative: right or privilege Savant: person with knowledge Unctuous: oily; using excessive flattery Analogous: comparable Caustic: burning Detrimental: harmful Extol: praise Incipient: just beginning Magnanimous: generous; big-hearted Prescient: having fore-knowledge Scale: to climb Undermined: damaged; attacked Anarchy: chaos; lack of government

Devoured: greedily eaten/consumed Extradite: deport from one country back to the home country Inclination: tendency; a leaning toward Palliative: a remedy that improves but doesn't cure Presentiment: a feeling that something might happen Scapegoat: person on whom blame is placed for faults of others Underscore: emphasize Dexterous: skilful with hands Extraneous: irrelevant Incoherent: not clear Maladroit: clumsy; unskillful Pallid: pale Presumptuous: assuming too much; arrogant Scrupulous: careful; diligent; painstaking Unequivocal: clear; obvious Animosity: hatred; antagonism Censorious: disapproving; critical Dichotomy: a division into two parts Extrapolate: extend; predict on the basis of known data Incongruous: not fitting in; out of place Malady: illness Palpable: easily felt; easily perceived Pretentious: pompous; self-important Scrutinize: examine carefully Unfetter: set free Censure: blame; criticize Extrinsic: irrelevant; on the outside Inconsequential: unimportant; insignificant; negligible Malediction: a curse Panacea remedy for all ills Prevaricate: speak misleadingly and evasively Cerebral: intellectual Diffident: lacking confidence Fallacious: false Inconspicuous: not easily seen; subtle; not noticeable Malefactor: a wrong-doer Paradigm: 1. example; 2. model; 3. way of looking at things Pristine unspoiled Unprecedented: never having happened before Anomaly: something which does not fit in a pattern; irregularity Certitude: certainty Digress: wander off the subject Falter: hesitate; waver Indelible: cannot be wiped out Malinger: deliberately avoid work; shirk Paradox: apparently contradictory statement Sensuous: appealing to the senses Unscathed: unharmed; intact; without a scratch Antagonism: hostility; strong opposition Charlatan: trickster who claims knowledge he doesn't have Indifferent: 1. neutral; 2. not outstanding Malingerer: person who deliberately tries to avoid work Paragon: a perfect example Procrastinate: delay; put off Unwitting: not deliberate; unconscious Antagonistic: opposed; hostile; aggressive Chary: watchful; wary of; cautious about; reluctant to give Dilatory: slow; falling behind with one's work Fanaticism: ion; excessive devotion Indigenous: native to a particular area Malleable: flexible; can be shaped Paramount: of supreme importance Prodigal: wasteful; extravagant Sequester: isolate Upbraid: scold; tell off; reprimand Antediluvian: outdated; prehistoric; very old-fashioned Dilemma: puzzling situation Fastidious: overly particular; finicky Indolence: laziness Prodigious: very large Serendipity: fortunate coincidence; unsought discovery Uproarious: hilarious; hysterical; very funny Dilettante: person who dabbles in a subject without serious study Inductee: novice; beginner Manipulatable: influencable; controllable Profane: unholy Serene: calm; peaceful

Upshot: outcome Diligent: hard-working Feasible: possible and practicable Indulgent: pampering; satisfying desires Marred: damaged; spoiled Pariah: an outcast from society Urbane: sophisticated; suave; refined Antiquated: outdated; old fashioned Choleric: easily angered Diorama: model of a scene Fecund: fertile Inebriation drunkenness; intoxication Marshal: to gather together Parity: equality Profound: having deep meaning Servile: overly submissive; groveling Usurp: take someone's position (usually by force) Apathetic: indifferent; uninterested; lethargic Chronicler: person who records historical information Dirge: mournful song Felicitous: apt Ineffable: cannot be expressed in words Marsupial: pouched mammal (like a kangaroo) Parochial: narrow-minded; concerned only with local matters Skeptical: doubting; not gullible Utilitarian: useful Apathy: lack of interest or emotion Circuitous: indirect; roundabout (circuitous statement) Disapprobation: disapproval Fervor: ion; enthusiasm; zeal Inept: incompetent; unskilled; useless Martinet: person who believes in strict discipline Parody: a mockery; imitation for ridicule; spoof Proletarian: member of the working class Skirmish: minor battle Utopian: a believer in an ideal world Apocryphal: of doubtful origin; not original Circumlocution: using too many words; long-windedness Discern: to distinguish one thing from another Fickle: unpredictable; whimsical; easily swayed Inertia: inactivity; lethargy Masochist: person who intentionally inflicts pain on himself Parry: ward off; avoid Prolific: producing a lot Sluggard: slow-moving; lethargic person Vacillate: waver; hesitate Appease: pacify; soothe; calm down; make peace with Circumscribe: limit Discord: disagreement Finesse: skill Inevitable: cannot be avoided Matriarchy: society governed by women Parsimonious: economical; frugal; thrifty Proponents: promoters; ers Vacuous: empty; silly; meaningless Apprehensive: worried; fearful Circumspect: cautious; considering all sides Discordancy: cacophony; harshness; jarring Fitful: not continuous; stopping and starting Inexorable: relentless Maverick: a loner Parsimony: stinginess; frugality; cost-cutting Prosaic: dull; boring; ordinary Vagrant: person wandering without a home Arable: can be cultivated Circumvent: avoid Discrepancy: something which does not match up; inconsistency Flagrant: clearly wrong Inexpedient: not advisable Meager: in short supply Partisan: biased; one-sided; committed to one group Proscribe: forbid Solace: comfort for grief Vapid: dull; uninspiring Arbitrary: random; for no definite reason Clairvoyant: psychic; mystic Discriminate: to make a clear distinction; see the difference

Flamboyant: showy; ornate Infallible perfect; flawless; cannot make mistakes Meander: wander from side to side Pathos: evoking sadness or pity Prosody: study of versification Solicit: to ask for; seek Variegated: multicolored; speckled Arcane: obscure; known only to a few people Clamor: shout; scream Discursiveness: long windedness; indirectness Flaunt: show off; display in a showy manner Infamous: famous for something bad Mellow: soft; melodious; ripe Patron: one who give (usually financial) Prostration: 1. lying face down; 2. be overcome with extreme weakness Somnambulist: sleepwalker Vehemence: violence; fervor; forcefulness Archaic: ancient; outdated; old fashioned Clandestine: secret; covert; stealthy Disdain: contempt; strong dislike Flippant: making jokes about serious matters Infer deduce; conclude Menagerie: collection of animals Patronize: condescend to; behave in an arrogant manner towards Protagonist: main character in film, book, play etc. Soothsayer: fortuneteller Vehement: forceful Archetype: classic example of Clemency: mercy Disinterested: unbiased Flout: defy; reject Ingénue: naïve, unsophisticated person Mendacious: given to lying Paucity: shortage Protean: changeable Sophomoric: juvenile; immature Venal: corrupt; can be bribed Archives: collections of old records; place of storage of old documents Cliché: overused expression; something unoriginal Disparage: criticize; belittle Flustered: worked-up; not calm Ingrate ungrateful person Mercenary: concerned only with money Peccadillo: minor weakness; trivial offence Protégé: person under protection of, or guided by another Soporific: inducing sleep; sleep producer Veneer: surface coating Articulate: clear; lucid; eloquent Clientele: customers Disparity: an inequality Fly-by-night: unreliable; disreputable Inimical: hostile Mercurial: volatile; changeable Pedant: person who insists on strict adherence to rules or narrow learning Protocol: procedure; code of behavior Sparse: spare; bare; meager Venerate revere; worship Artifice: deception; trickery Coalesce: come together; merge Disionate: neutral; objective Forensic: concerned with argument or debate (esp. for legal evidence) Innate: inherited; inborn Merge: come together Pedestrian: common; mundane; banal Provincial: unsophisticated; narrow-minded Specious: false Venial: minor; unimportant Artisan: craftsman Coddle: pamper; fuss over; indulge Disseminating: circulating; broadcasting; spreading (information) Fortitude: bravery Innocuous harmless; inoffensive Metaphorically: symbolically; figuratively Peerless without equal Prudent: cautious; wise Speckled: spotted; freckled; dotted Veracity: truthfulness Ascetic: without luxuries; severely simple Coercion: force Diurnal: active in daytime Fortuitous: happening by chance Innovate: create; introduce something new

Meticulous: very careful; painstaking Pejorative: derogatory Puerile: childish Sporadic: not continuous; intermittent Verbose: talkative; long-winded; rambling Assiduous: thorough; diligent Cogent: lucid; well argued Divert: 1. entertain; 2. distract; 3. cause a detour Fractious: irritable; difficult to control Inscrutable: mysterious; impenetrable Mettle: courage; bravery; valor Pellucid: transparently clear Punctilious: paying attention to small details Spurious: false Assuage: to calm Cogitate: think over something; ponder Docile: gentle and easily lead Fraudulent: fake; false Insentient: unfeeling Milieu: environment Pensive: in a thoughtful mood; thinking deeply Purloin: steal Stagnant: still; not moving Vertigo: dizziness Astute: perceptive; sharp-witted Collage: picture made from fragments of other pictures Dogmatic: having stubbornly held opinions Frivolous: not serious Insipid dull; bland; boring Mire: swamp; muddy ground Penury: poverty Pusillanimous: cowardly Staid: dull; sober; serious Vestigial: not developed Asylum: place of refuge or safety Collate: arrange in order Dolt: stupid person Frugal: economical; not wasting anything Instigate: to start; provoke Misanthrope: hater of the rest of mankind Perceptive: observant Pyromania: compulsion to start fires Stanza: section of a poem Vignette: small sketch Atheist: person who does not believe in God Colloquial: local and informal (used of language) Dotard: foolish old man Furrow: groove Instigator: troublemaker; person who entices others to do something Misnomer: wrong name Percipient: perceptive; insightful Quaff: drink down quickly Staunch: loyal; faithful; dependable Vilification: blackening someone's name Atrophy: waste away from lack of use Collusion: plotting and planning Drawl: speak slowly with words running together Furtive: hidden and secret Insurgent: a rebel Misogynist: hater of women Perdition: damnation Quagmire: marsh; bog Stereotype: fixed image Vindicate: prove right; remove blame Attenuate: weaken Commandeer: take possession of Drivel: nonsense Futile: useless; hopeless Interminable: never-ending Misrepresentation: deliberately deceiving Peremptory: in a commanding manner Virtuoso: an accomplished musician Augment: increase; make bigger Complacent: self-satisfied; smug Droll: dryly amusing Galleon: ancient type of sailing ship Intermittent: sporadic; irregular

Mitigate: lessen; make less severe Perfidy: treachery Quandary: dilemma; puzzle Stifle: suppress Virulent: dangerous; harmful Auspicious: favorable; promising to turn out well Compliant: easy to control; submissive Drone: 1. monotonous noise (n); 2. to speak with no emotion (v); 3.male bee Gambol: frolic; leap; bound Intransigence stubbornness Modicum: small amount Perfunctory: superficial; cursory Quarantine: isolation to prevent the spread of disease Stoic known for fortitude; indifferent to pleasure or pain Vital: essential; alive; important Austere: severely plain; strict Concatenate: link together Dubious: doubtful Garble distort; confuse; muddle Intransigent: stubborn; unyielding Momentous: very important Peripatetic: nomadic; moving from place to place Quarry 1. something that is hunted; 2. mine for stone Stoke: add fuel to; strengthen Vitriolic: corrosive; strongly attacking Aversion: a dislike of Concatenation: linking into chains Dupe: to fool someone Garish: gaudy Intrepid brave Monotonous: dull; unvarying Peripheral: on the edge; not important Querulous: always complaining Stolid: imive; dull; indifferent Vivacity: liveliness; animation Balk: hinder and prevent; hesitate over Conciliate: to bring together; end a dispute Dynamic: lively; vibrant; energetic Garner: gather; collect Inveterate habitual Moratorium: temporary prohibition or halt to activity Perjury: telling lies under oath Quirk: oddity Stratagem: plot; plan; trick Vivify: enliven Banal: common; dull Concise: stated in few words Ebullient: very lively; cheerful; jovial; happy Garrulous: talkative Invidious arousing envy Moribund: on the point of death Pernicious: destructive; harmful Ramble: wander aimlessly Strident: loud and harsh Vociferous: noisy; loud in speech Condescend: talk down to Eccentric: unusual; quirky; odd Gaunt: emaciated; bony and angular Inviolable: cannot be invaded Morose: gloomy; bad tempered Persnickety: fastidious; fussy Ramifications: branches; subdivisions of a complex system; outcomes Stringent: strict or severe Volatile: dangerously unstable; evaporates easily Bane: troublesome influence Condone: tacitly ; overlook Eclectic: taking things from different sources Genre: a category; type Irascible easily angered Mundane: ordinary; worldly Perpetuated: caused to continue Rancor: resentment; animosity; bad feeling Strut: swagger; show off Voluble: talkative Germane: relevant Ire anger [irate (a) = very angry] Munificent: generous; charitable Perpetuity: eternity Rant: use bombastic language Stupefying: astonishing; shocking; stunning into silence Voluminous: very large; spacious Bastion: fortress; stronghold Conflagration: big fire Efface: wipe out; remove all trace of Germinal: just growing; not developed; immature

Irksome: annoying; infuriating Mutinous: very rebellious Personable: attractive Ratify: approve; consent Subpoena: summons to court Voracious: ravenous Befuddle: confuse Confound: confuse Effigy: a model of a person Gibbering: making meaningless noises Ironic: satiric; unexpected Myriad: in large numbers Perspicacious: insightful; sharp; wise Raucous: rough and unpleasant (of sounds) Substantiate: give ing evidence Waive: surrender; give up Begrudge: resent Congeal: to solidify Effusive: gushing; demonstrative Glacial: hostile; unfriendly; cold; icy Irrational: unreasonable; absurd Navigable: suitable for sailing Perspicacity: insight Raze destroy; demolish; tear down Subterfuge: a trick Wane: grow less Beguile: mislead; lure Congenital: present from birth Egalitarianism: belief in equality Goad: prod; urge Irreproachable: cannot be criticized; perfect Nebulous: vague Pertinent: relevant Rebuttal: denial Subtle: not obvious Wary: hesitant; cautious Belabor: explain in unnecessary detail Connoisseur: person with refined taste and good judgment Egregious: outstandingly, obviously bad Grate: (v) 1. to annoy; aggravate; vex; 2. shred Irrevocable: cannot be cancelled; unchangeable Nefarious: wicked; immoral; disreputable Peruse: read carefully Recant: disclaim; retract statement Subversive: rebellious; revolutionary Wax: to increase; to grow Beleaguer: besiege; attack Consecrate: dedicate Egress: exit Gratis: free of charge; without payment Itinerant: nomadic; wandering from place to place Negate: cancel; deny Pervasive: spreading everywhere Recapitulate: summarize Succinct: concise Waylay: accost; stop; approach; hinder Belie: contradict Consensus: general agreement Eloquent: fluent and persuasive in speech Gratuitous: unwarranted Jaded: tired; bored; worn out Negligence: carelessness Petrify: 1. terrify; 2. turn to stone Receptacle: container; vessel; holder Suffragist: someone who campaigns for voting rights Weighty: serious Belittle: to demean Conspicuous: easily seen; prominent Elucidate: make clear Gravity: seriousness Jargon: specialized language used by experts Neologism: newly coined word Petulant: sulky; peevish Recluse: someone who cuts himself off from life Supercilious: proud and haughty Bellicose: war-like; aggressive Consummate: complete; total; supremely good

Elusive: hard to pin down Gregarious: extroverted; sociable; outgoing Jaundiced: cynical; pessimistic Nettle: annoy Phenomenon: an event or happening (plural: phenomena) Recuperate: get better after illness Superlative: extremely good; the best Whet: sharpen Belligerent: aggressive; ready to fight Contemporary: living or happening at the same time Emaciated: very thin; withered Gritty: coarse; granular Jaunt: short pleasure trip Niggardly: miserly; stingy Philanthropy: charity; love of mankind Red tape: formalities; paperwork; official procedure Surly: grumpy; rude Whimsical: capricious; changeable Bemoan: complain about Contrite: sorry Emancipate: set free Guffaw: sudden loud laughter Jeopardize: put at risk; endanger Nomadic: wandering from place to place Philistine: uncultured person Redolent: smelling of; giving off odors Surreptitious: secret; sneaky; stealthy Willful: stubborn Benevolent: kindly Contrition: sorrow and repentance Embezzle: defraud; steal Guile: cunning; craftiness Jingoistic: extremely patriotic; nationalistic Nonchalance: an appearance of indifference; calm and composed Phlegmatic: calm; imperturbable Redress: put right something that was wrong Surreptitiously: secretly; furtively; stealthily Wily: cunning Benign: kindly; harmless Contumacious: stubborn Embroil: involve in hostility or argument Guileless: frank; straightforward; honest Jocular: in a joking manner Nondescript: having no special features; dull and ordinary Pillage: plunder Redundant: unnecessary; superfluous Susceptible: vulnerable Wispy: flimsy; frail; delicate Benignity: comion; gentleness; fondness Contusion: a bruise Emerge: come out; appear Gullibility: unwariness; trustfulness; being easily fooled Jollity: gaiety; happiness Nonentity: a person of no importance; not famous Pinnacle: topmost point Referendum: public vote Suspect: doubtful Wistful: melancholy; pensive; expressing a longing for Bequeath: leave something in one's will to be given after one's death Conundrum: a puzzle Emulate: to imitate something ired Gullible: easily fooled Jubilant: ecstatic; delighted; rejoicing Nostalgia: longing for the past Pious: very religious Refute: disprove Sybarite: lover of luxury Zany: crazy; wacky Berate: scold; criticize Conventional: usual; customary; common Endorse: give or approval to Gustatory: concerned with the sense of taste Judicious: correct in judgment; wise Notoriety: infamy; known for wrong doing Pivotal: of central importance Regale: entertain

Sycophant: bootlicker; flatterer Zeal: enthusiasm Beret: type of cap Corpulent: fat Endurance: staying power; patience; stamina Hackneyed: common and over-used Jurisprudence: science or study of law Novel: new; unusual Placate: pacify; soothe; calm Relegate: dismiss to a lower position Taciturn: quiet; saying little Zealot: fanatic Bestial: behaving like a beast; brutal Corrugated: highly folded Enduring: lasting Hallowed: worshipped; consecrated Juxtapose: place next to Novice: a beginner; tyro Placebo: harmless medicine with no effect; dummy medicine Remorse: regret; sorrow; contrition Tactile: concerned with the sense of touch Zenith: summit Abort: stop Accord: agreement Anoint: choose Assimilate: to take in, fit into, or become similar Berate: to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone Chastised: to criticize someone severely Conceptual: based on ideas or principles Consortium: an organization of several businesses or banks ing together as a group for a shared purpose Contemplate: observe or study thoughtfully Decapitating: to cut off the head of a person Deficits: insufficiency Delegate: a chosen person Deploy: to use something in an effective way Dissidence: disagreement Enclave: a group of people different than its surrounding Enunciate: to pronounce words clearly, explain Envisage: To conceive an image of a future possibility Emphatic: said in a strong way Exploit: use well, use something unfairly Extravagant: spending or doing more than necessary Galvanizes: to cause someone to suddenly take action Grievances: a complaint Harmonious: friendly and peaceful Hover: suspended in the air Hurl: to throw something with a lot of force Incentive: something which encourages a person to do something Incumbent: officially having the named position, necessary Inflation: continuous increase in prices Ostracized: to exclude from a group Perish: to die,to suffer destruction Pertain: to have reference or relation Pledge: a serious or formal promise Precedence: act or fact of preceding Prevail: to get control or influence Quintessentially: typically Rabid: irrationally extreme in opinion or practice Revitalize: to give new life Revoke: to take back or withdraw Sprout: to develop or grow quickly Substantially: large in size, value or importance, basic or essential Sway: control Tariff: the schedule or system of duties so imposed Inalienable: unable to be removed Upsurge: a sudden increase in something Vault: something likened to an arched roof Venerable: deserving respect because of age, high position etc Vie: to compete with other people Welter: a large & badly organized number of things )remission :forgiveness or pardon, as of sins or crimes 2)ebb:a weakening or lessening; decline 3)hasty:done or made with haste; quick; hurried 4)abscond:to go away hastily and secretly; run away and hide, esp. in order to escape the law 5)aide:an assistant

Extirpate...nayst o naabood karna Contrite....Deep Regrate/remoursful Belligerand.....Intrested in fighting all the time(jaghrahlu) Debase...to degrade someone apprehensions....khadshaat Extort.....to get something by threatning/ to rob at gun point Exasperate......to annoy without having any reason for it unveil= reveal connivance= involvement hurl= throw calumny=defamation syndicate= organization turbulent = instable, turmoil lodge =small house, hotel Opaque= not clear, difficult Pilferage= To steal Eulogizing= To praise highly 1)barred:provided with one or more bars: a barred prison window,‫سالخ‬ َ ‫۔ دار دھَاری ۔ دار‬ striped; streaked: barred fabrics. 2)upsurge:increase; rise: Water upsurged,Crime upsurged.‫۔ اُمنڈنا ۔ ہونا میں تالطم ۔ مارنا موجیں‬ 3)stagger:to shock; render helpless with amazement or the like; astonish‫دینا کر بےاعتماد ۔ چکرانا ۔ ڈگمگانا ۔ لڑکھڑانا‬ 4)scam:a confidence game or other fraudulent scheme, especially for making a quick profit; swindle. 5)merger:any combination of two or more business enterprises into a single enterprise. ‫ہونا ضم‬ Arduous : Tiring, Involves a lot of effort. Abberation : Behaviour that is not normal. Blather : Foolish Chatter. Crux : Difficulty. Dearth : not enough for something. Evisceration : Empty or Deprive of essential contents. Coalition : Imtizaj A combination Heap : Dhair to accumulate Abuzz : Josho Kharosh : In a buzz Erstwhile : Phaly Say : formerly Allocate : Makhsos Karna : To distribute or assign Flog : Danda Marna : To beat or strike with a rod Scourge : Sakht Saza Dayna : To punish with severity Assert : Haq jamana : To maintain or defend Fornication : Zana : Unlawful sexual Illicit : Najaiz : Not permitted or allowed Enduring : bardasht Karna : To bear with patience Exert : Koshish Karna : To put force Macho : Bigharny Wala : The striped mullet of California Benighted : Jahil : To involve in darkness Anachronism : Tareekh ki Ghalti : A misplacing or error in the order of time Pundit : Alam Fazal Omission : Tarak Karna : neglect or failure to do something Aspirant : Arzomand : one who eagerly seeks some Omit : Nazar Andaz Karna : To let go Retention : Power Rakhna : The power of retaining Verdict : Jiyori ka Faisla : Decision Oddly : Ajeeb Andaz say : In an odd manner Ablaze : Agg may Dalna : On fire Incarcerate : Qaid Karna : Imprisoned. Lash : koray Marna : to whip or scourge with a lash Bully : Ziddi, Laraka : A brisk, dashing fellow State : Bimar Sa, riasat : Rank; condition; quality; Accord : Sath Dayna : Agreement or concurrence ynch mob-A mob that kills a person for some presumed offence without legal authority Goaded - Compelled forcibly by an outside agency venomous - deliberately harmful escalate - Increase in extent or intensity hinges - A circumstance upon which subsequent events depend overwought - Deeply agitated especially from emotion Dent..(V)... Izzat e Nafs Majrooh Karna Resolve...V...Pakka Irada Karna...determination Prude(N)..Prood(V)...Banawati Sharam o Haya Exonerate(V)..Declare free from blame...Bari ul zimma karar dayna Abscond(V) Go away secretely...Ru.posh ho jana Decree(N)... FARMAAN E ELLAHI... Intimate(V)...To inform,,Make known... Ittlaah dayna Debacle..(N)... complete failure or disaster... Demise(N)... death Dotty.Adj..... foolish Defuse(V).. Calm down...Ghusa tanda karna Fall out...Quarrel

Fall Through....V. to fail Interpid(Adj).....Fearless....Nidar Overpower...V.... to overcome.....Qaabu karna Evince(V) Show that one has...ka saboot dayna Reiterate...say something repeatedly...bar bar kehna, kisi baat per zor dayna Resilience(V).....or Recede...means..go back on.....kisi cheez per pakka na hona like waada ka pakka na hona etc Incinerate..V.... Destroy by burning.....Kisi cheez ko jala kar khatam kar dayna Behest....synonym of Decree(mentioned above)...means Command of GOD and same alike...Farmaan, Hukam 1)summon:to call or notify to appear at a specified place, especially before a court 2)repatriate:to bring or send back (a person, especially a prisoner of war, a refugee, etc.) to his or her country or land of citizenship. 3)deplore:to regret deeply or strongly; lament 4)ratification/ratified:to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction: to ratify a constitutional amendment. 5)concrete:pertaining to or concerned with realities or actual instances rather than abstractions; particular ( opposed to general): concrete ideas. consensus : Hum ahngi : Agreement invasions :Charhai : The act of invading Insurgent: Baghi: A person who rises in revolt against civil authority Bid: Boli Lagana: To invite; to call in; to request to come. Plunder: Lot Mar: robbery Sculpture: Mujasma Sazai: The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood, stone, metal Novelty: Anokhi: strange thing. Briskly: Taizi Say: Utilitarian : Faida Mand : Useful, Attire : Labas: To dress; to array; to adorn Stifling: Gala Ghontna: To stop; to extinguish Pragmatic : Nataiji: One skilled in affairs. Sanction : Tasdeeq, Jawaz, Hillat: Anything done or said to enforce the will Decree: Digri, Hukam: A determination Alleged: Mansoob Karna: Supposed, Allege: Ilzam Dayna, Biyan Dayna: To bring forward with positiveness Disruptive: Tafarqa Dalnay Wala: Causing, or tending to cause, disruption Deferred: Maltawi, Moakhar : Postponed, Nullify: Rad Karna : To make void Strife: Ikhtalaf: Exertion or contention for superiority Poise: Wazan Karna: The weight, or mass of metal Rival : Mukhalif : To stand in competition with Inception: Aghaz: Beginning Divulge: Fash Karna : To make public; to several or communicate to the public, Disclose Immunity : Nijat : Freedom or exemption from any charge Tenor : Qareena : The higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males, Strain Complicity : Saaz Baaz : The state of being an accomplice; participation in guilt. Ditch: Garha : Chuck, Dump, Trench, Endorse : Taid Karna, Tasdeeq Karna : Back, Certify, Indorse, Second, , Barring : Nakablay Tawajah : To restrict or confine self immolation - offer for oneself for killing morphed - cause for change impoverished - financially destroyed cliques - a circle of people with common purpose transition - the even that results in transformation 1)turmoil:a state of great commotion, confusion, or disturbance 2)Perish:to die or be destroyed through violence, privation, etc.: to perish in an earthquake. 3)conflate:to fuse into one entity; merge: to conflate dissenting voices into one protest. 4)wrack:damage or destruction: wrack and ruin. 5)endanger:to expose to danger 6)furore:a general outburst of enthusiasm, excitement, controversy 7)deprive:to remove or withhold something from the enjoyment or possession of (a person or persons) 8)circumvent:to avoid (defeat, failure, unpleasantness, etc.) by artfulness or deception 9)repugnant:distasteful, objectionable, or offensive 10)Denigrates:to treat or represent as lacking in value or importance; belittle; disparage 11)caricatures:a picture, description, etc., ludicrously exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or things ‫خاکوں آمیز‬ 12)resentment:the feeling of displeasure or indignation at some act, remark, person, etc., regarded as causing injury or insult. ‫ناگواری‬ 13)behest:a command or directive ‫اشارے‬ 14)sabotage:any underhand interference with production, work, etc., in a plant, factory, etc., as by enemy agents during wartime or by employees during a trade dispute. ‫کاری تخریب‬ :lost; ruined,a cipher (0); zero. ‫نہیں بات کوئی‬,‫ صفر‬15)naught 16)accolade:any award, honor, or laudatory notice 17)rectify:to make, put, or set right; remedy; correct ‫کرنا ٹھیک‬ 18)retrospect:the remembring of past event ‫کرے یاد‬ 19)perpetual:everlasting ‫سدا‬ 20)abdicating:to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility 1)Compunction: a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)‫۔ افسوس پشیمانی‬ 2)Pulverised: destroy completely,become powder or dust ‫۔ بنانا سفوف‬ 3)Dextrous/Dexterous: skillful in physical movements;especially of the hands‫ ماہر‬، ‫۔ چاالک‬ 4)Nay: not this merely but also; not only so but, ‫نہ نہیں۔ بلکہ اِنکار۔ یا نفی نہیں۔‬ 5)Sync: make synchronous and adjust in time or manner, ‫ق عین‬ ِِ ‫ کرنا۔ یا بونا وقت مطاب‬,ِ‫ق‬ ِ ‫وقت مطاب‬

1)distraught:distracted; deeply agitated. ‫پریشان‬ 2)pervert:to turn away from the right course. ‫کرنا خراب‬ 3)introvert:a shy person. 4)adamant:too hard to cut, break, or pierce. ‫ضد‬ 5)sneak: to act in a furtive or underhand way. ‫چھپے چوری‬ stranded; in difficulties evacuate; empty, discharge cordon; chain of military posts Plethora: Extreme Excess agitation: disturbance usually in protest betrothed: person to whom one is engaged appalled: struck with fear mentor: A wise and trusted guidance Abstinent: Abstaining; Voluntarily not doing something Abstract: Theoretical; Impersonal Accolade: An award; an honor Inundate: To flood; to cover completely with water; to overwhelm Infer: To conclude; to deduce

Gumption = shrewd or spirited initiative Hunky-dory = completely satisfactory Torpor = a state of mental or physical inactivity crass = showing a gross lack of intelligence Ramp-up = bolster or strengthen Carnage = killing if a large number of people promiscuous = indiscriminate or unselective caveat = warning or proviso of specific conditions & limitatons Unerring = always right or accurate agonizingly: in a very painful manner; "the progress was agonizingly slow" Excruciatingly means agonizingly hunch /hənCH/ Verb Raise (one's shoulders) and bend the top of one's body forward: "he hunched his shoulders"; "he hunched over his glass". Noun A feeling or guess based on intuition rather than known facts: "acting on a hunch" in•tu•i•tion /ˌint(y)o͞oˈiSHən/ Noun 1. The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning. 2. A thing that one knows or considers likely from instinctive feeling rather than conscious reasoning. “And in the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.”(Abraham Lincoln) analogical with (hamza's sentence)''And its not about the number of hours u put into ur study,its about the study u put into the hours.'' in•ter•ven•tion /ˌintərˈvenSHən/ Noun 1. The action or process of intervening. 2. Interference by a country in another's affairs. plight /plīt/ Noun A dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation: "the plight of poor children". Verb Pledge or promise solemnly. un•pal•at•a•ble /ˌənˈpalətəbəl/ Adjective 1. Not pleasant to taste. 2. Difficult to put up with or accept. ob•nox•ious /əbˈnäkSHəs/ Adjective Extremely unpleasant. off the hook Web definitions off the hook(p): freed from danger or blame or obligation; "I let him off the hook with a mild reprimand".

en•dorse /enˈdôrs/ Verb 1. Declare one's public approval or of. 2. Recommend (a product) in an ment To second someone is to publicly express for a proposal he has made. Since he is the first to raise the idea, you are the second to it - hence you "second" him or his idea. mil•i•tate /ˈmiləˌtāt/ Verb (of a fact or circumstance) Be a powerful or conclusive factor in preventing. Synonyms fight - combat Idiom in a fix Definition to have problems Examples They've found out about his other job. He's in a fix now. I wish I could come with you but I'm in a bit of a fix at the moment and I have to stay here. brainstorming present participle ofbrain•storm Verb Produce an idea or way of solving a problem by holding a spontaneous group discussion: "a brainstorming session". take the bull by the horns to do something difficult in a determined and confident way Why don't you take the bull by the horns and tell him to leave? raise/up the ante to increase your demands or to increase the risks in a situation, in order to achieve a better result Usage notes: The ante is an amount of money that must be paid in card games before each part of the game can continue. The government has upped the ante by refusing to negotiate until a ceasefire has been agreed. 1. ap•pall•ing /əˈpôliNG/ Adjective Awful; terrible. Synonyms dreadful - terrible - horrible - frightful – appaling im•per•a•tive /imˈperətiv/ Adjective Of vital importance; necessary; crucial. Noun An essential or urgent thing: "an economic imperative". Synonyms imperious - urgent - peremptory - necessary - pressing THIS TIME ROUND It means the first time something happened ...you did it one way. But the second time it occured,,,you did it another way., For example....."the first time i went to marks house, i went down spooner street, This time around, Im going on River street: or "I didnt save any money when i got my last bonus check but this time around, Im saving 1/2 of it" Where does the phrase 'bear with me' come from? Answer: Seems rather obvious on this one. Bearing is tolerating, with me is I don't want to suffer alone. Hence suffer along with me while I suffer also. The meaning is a bit more broad than suffer with me while I also suffer. It is closer to asking for patience. Example: A customer service rep on phone with a customer might say, "Please bear with me while I look up that information for you." Or if you are running late to meet someone you might say to them, "Please bear with me, I'm having a bad day." 1. am•biv•a•lent /amˈbivələnt/ Adjective Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. be•nign /biˈnīn/ Adjective 1. Gentle; kindly. 2. (of a climate or environment) Mild and favorable. Synonyms benignant - kind - kindly - gentle - good - mild - genia bi•zarre /biˈzär/ Adjective Very strange or unusual. Synonyms odd - weird - strange - outlandish - quaint - fantastic ex•cerpt /ˈeksərpt/ Noun A short extract from a film, broadcast, or piece of music or writing. Verb Take (a short extract) from a text. Synonyms noun. extract - excerption - fragment - abstract - quotation verb. extract

per•pet•u•al /pərˈpeCHo͞oəl/ Adjective Never ending or changing. Noun A perpetual plant, esp. a hybrid rose. Synonyms everlasting - eternal - perennial - constant - permanent con•cur /kənˈkər/ Verb 1. Be of the same opinion; agree. 2. Agree with (a decision, opinion, or finding): "we strongly concur with this recommendation". Synonyms agree - coincide - consent I concur to what you have said sub•tle /ˈsətl/ Adjective 1. (esp. of a change or distinction) So delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe. 2. (of a mixture or effect) Delicately complex and understated. Synonyms subtile - fine - delicate - nice - sharp There are subtle differences con•gen•ial /kənˈjēnyəl/ Adjective 1. (of a person) Pleasant because of a personality, qualities, or interests that are similar to one's own. 2. (of a thing) Pleasant or agreeable because suited to one's taste or inclination. Synonyms sympathetic hats off to someone or something Fig. let us salute or honor someone or something. Hat's off to Perry for planning the dinner and finding such a good band bos•om (b z m, b z m) n. 1. a. The chest of a human: He held the sleepy child to his bosom. b. A woman's breast or breasts. 2. The part of a garment covering the chest or breasts. 3. The security and closeness likened to being held in a warm familial embrace: We welcomed the stranger into the bosom of our family. 4. The chest considered as the source of emotion. adj. Beloved; intimate: a bosom friend. in•tel•li•gi•ble ( n-t l -j -b l) adj. 1. Capable of being understood: an intelligible set of directions. 2. Capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone. ap•pre•hend ( p r -h nd ) v. ap•pre•hend•ed, ap•pre•hend•ing, ap•pre•hends v.tr. 1. To take into custody; arrest: apprehended the murderer. 2. To grasp mentally; understand: a candidate who apprehends the significance of geopolitical issues. 3. To become conscious of, as through the emotions or senses; perceive. v.intr. To understand something. con•tempt (k n-t mpt ) n. 1. The feeling or attitude of regarding someone or something as inferior, base, or worthless; scorn. 2. The state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace. 3. Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body. grave 2 (gr v) adj. grav•er, grav•est 1. Requiring serious thought; momentous: a grave decision in a time of crisis. 2. Fraught with danger or harm: a grave wound. 3. Dignified and somber in conduct or character: a grave procession. See Synonyms at serious. 4. Somber or dark in hue. 5. also (gräv) Linguistics cum•ber•some (k m b r-s m) adj. 1. Difficult to handle because of weight or bulk. See Synonyms at heavy. 2. Troublesome or onerous. on•er•ous ( n r- s, n r-) adj. 1. Troublesome or oppressive; burdensome. See Synonyms at burdensome. 2. Law Entailing obligations that exceed advantages

wieldy [ˈwiːldɪ] adj wieldier, wieldiest easily handled, used, or managed kick-start (k k stärt ) tr.v. kick-start•ed, kick-start•ing, kick-starts 1. To start by using a kick starter: He kick-started the motorcycle and took off. 2. Informal To start or reinvigorate (an activity, system, or process): kick-start the economy with a large construction project ve•he•ment /ˈvēəmənt/ Adjective Showing strong feeling; forceful, ionate, or intense: "vehement criticism". Synonyms violent - intense - ionate - hot - fierce - keen 1. ousted past participle, past tense of oust(Verb) Verb 1. Drive out or expel (someone) from a position or place. 2. Deprive (someone) of or exclude (someone) from possession of something. 3. Sharif second govt was ousted. spear•head (spîr h d ) n. 1. The sharpened head of a spear. 2. a. The leading forces in a military thrust. b. The driving force in a given action, endeavor, or movement. tr.v. spear•head•ed, spear•head•ing, spear•heads To be the leader of (a movement, for example): "spearheaded the effort to offer classes in settlement houses [and] provide lecturers to women's clubs" (Catherine Clinton). toppling present participle of top•ple (Verb) Verb 1. Overbalance or become unsteady and fall slowly. 2. Cause to fall in such a way: "disagreement had threatened to topple the government engendered past participle, past tense ofen•gen•der (Verb) Verb 1. Cause or give rise to (a feeling, situation, or condition). 2. Beget (offspring). or•gan•ic (ôr-g n k) adj. 1. Of, relating to, or derived from living organisms: organic matter. 2. Of, relating to, or affecting a bodily organ: an organic disease. 3. a. Of, marked by, or involving the use of fertilizers or pesticides that are strictly of animal or vegetable origin: organic vegetables; an organic farm. b. Raised or conducted without the use of drugs, hormones, or synthetic chemicals: organic chicken; organic cattle farming. c. Serving organic food: an organic restaurant. d. Simple, healthful, and close to nature: an organic lifestyle. 4. a. Having properties associated with living organisms. b. Resembling a living organism in organization or development; interconnected: society as an organic whole. 5. Constituting an integral part of a whole; fundamental. 6. Law Denoting or relating to the fundamental or constitutional laws and precepts of a government or an organization home•grown (h m gr n ) adj. 1. Raised or grown at home. 2. Originating in or characteristic of a locality: "Rock is homegrown music in the United States, evolved from blues and country and Tin Pan Alley" (Jon Pareles) a•pos•ta•sy /əˈpästəsē/ Noun The abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief. Synonyms defection – recreancy 1. Aberration – straying away from what is normal 2. Abeyance - suspended action 3. Abhor - to hate, to detest 4. Abide - be faithful to; endure 5. Abjure - promise or swear, to give up 6. Abet - help/encourage somebody (in doing wrong) 7. Abraded - rubbed off, worn away by friction 8. Abrasion - rubbing, scraping, wearing off 9. Abrogate - repeal or annul by authority 10. Abscond - to go away suddenly (to avoid arrest) 11. Abstruse - difficult to comprehend; obscure 12. Abundant - plentiful 13. Abut - border on 14. Abysmal - bottomless, extreme 15. Acarpous - effete, no longer fertile, worn out

16. Accentuate - give more force or attention to 17. Acclaimed - welcomed with shouts and approval 18. Accolade - praise, approval 19. Accretion - the growing of separate things into one 20. Acquiesce in - agree (without protest) 21. Acquisition - something acquired, acquiring 22. Adamant - kind of stone; inflexible 23. Adhere - remain faithful, stick fast to 24. Adhesion - adhering, 25. Adjacent - lying near, next 26. onitory - containing warning 27. Adorn - add beauty; decorate 28. Adulteration - making unpure, poorer in quality 29. Affable - polite and friendly 30. Affinity - close connection, relationship 31. Aggravate - make worse; irritate 32. Agile - active, quick-moving 33. Agog - eager/excited 34. Ail - trouble; be ill 35. Alacrity - eager and cheerful readiness 36. Alcove - recess/partially enclosed place 37. Alienate - estrange 38. Allegiance - duty, , loyalty 39. Alleviate - make (pain) easier to bear 40. Alloy - to debase by mixing with something inferior 41. Aloof - reserved, indifferent 42. Amalgamate - mix, combine, unite societies 43. Ambidextrous - able to use the left hand or the right equally well 44. Ambiguous - doubtful, uncertain 45. Ambivalent - having both of two contrary meanings 46. Ameliorate - improve, make better 47. Amendment - improving 48. Amicable - friendly 49. Amortize - end (a debt) by setting aside money 50. Amplify - make large or fuller, increase the strength 51. Anguish - severe suffering 52. Animosity - strong dislike 53. Annul - put an end to 54. Anticlimax - sudden fall 55. Antidote - medicine used against a poison or a disease 56. Antithetical - direct opposing 57. Apartheid - brutal racial discrimination 58. Apathetic - indifference 59. Aplomb - self-confidence 60. Apostate - one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions 61. Apotheosis - deification, glorification to godliness 62. Appease - make quiet or calm 63. Apprehensive - grasping, understanding; fear, unhappy feeling about future 64. Apprise - give notice to, inform 65. Approbation - approval 66. Appropriate - take for one's own use, acquire, set aside 67. Apropos - appropriate to the situation; apt 68. Apt - well-suited, quick-witted 69. Arabesque - whimsical 70. Arbitrate - decide by arbitration 71. Arboreal - of connected with trees 72. Ardently - with full of ardor 73. Ardor - enthusiasm 74. Arduous - steep, difficult ascent; laborious 75. Argot - jargon, slang 76. Arrant - in the highest degree 77. Arrogance - proud, superior manner of behaviour 78. Articulate - speak distinctly, connect by ts 79. Ascend - go or come up 80. Ascent - the act of ascending 81. Ascertain - get to know 82. Ascetic - practicing self-denial, austere, stark 83. Ascribe - consider to be the origin of or belonging to 84. Aseptic - surgically clean 85. Asperity - roughness, harshness, ill temper, irritability 86. Aspersion - slander 87. Assail with - attack violently 88. Asset - valuable quality, something that has money value 89. Assiduous - diligent, hard-working, sedulous 90. Assuage - make something (pain, desire) less 91. Assumption - something supposed but not proved

92. Asterisk - the mark * (e.g.. omitted letters) 93. Astringent - substance that shrinks 94. Astute - clever; quick at seeing to get an advantage 95. Atonement - repayment; death of Jesus 96. Attenuate - make thin. weaken, enervate 97. Attune - bring into harmony 98. Audacious - daring, foolishly bold, impudent 99. Augury - omen, sign 100. August - majestic, venerable 101. Auspice - protection or , patronage 102. Auspicious - favorable, successful, prosperous 103. Austere - severely moral and strict; simple and plain 104. Auxiliary - helping, ing 105. Aver - affirm, assert, prove, justify 106. Aversion - strong dislike 107. Avid - eager, greedy 108. Avow - it. Declare openly 109. Babble - talk in a way that is difficult to understand 110. Baleful - harmful, ominous, causing evil 111. Balk - obstacle; purposely to get on the way of 112. Balloon - swell out like balloon 113. Balm - sweet-smelling oil; consolation 114. Banal - uninteresting 115. Band - flat, thin strip of material; range of frequencies 116. Bane - cause of injury, poison, source of harm 117. Baneful - causing harm or ruin, pernicious, destructive 118. Barrage - artificial obstacle built across a river 119. Barren - not good enough, unable to have young ones, without value 120. Bask in - enjoy warmth and light 121. Bazaar - market 122. Be irreconcilable - cannot be brought into harmony 123. Beatify - to bless, make happy, or ascribe a virtue to 124. Bedizen - to adorn, especially in a cheap, showy manner 125. Belabor - beat hard 126. Belie - contradict, give a false impression 127. Belittle - cause to seem unimportant 128. Bellicose - belligerent, pugnacious, warlike 129. Belligerent - (person, nation) waging war 130. Belligerently - waging war 131. Bend - cause something to be out of a straight line 132. Benefactor - person who has given help 133. Benevolence - wish or activity in doing good 134. Benign - kind and gentle; mild (climate) 135. Bequest - arrangement to give something at death 136. Berate - scold sharply 137. Bereft - rob or dispossess of something (material) 138. Bewilder - puzzle, confuse 139. Biased - prejudice 140. Bigot - stubborn, narrow-minded person 141. Bilge - bulge, the protuberance of a cask 142. Blandishment - flattery, coaxing 143. Blandness - polite manner, comforting, uninteresting 144. Blatant - noisy and rough 145. Blithe - gay and joyous 146. Blueprint – plan, scheme, photographic print 147. Blunt - plain, not troubling to be polite 148. Boggle - be alarmed, hesitate, amazed 149. Bogus - sham, counterfeit, not genuine 150. Boisterous - loud, noisy, rough, lacking restraint 151. Bolster - give greatly needed 152. Boor - ill-mannered person 153. Boorish - crude, offensive, rude 154. Braid - strands of hair woven together, something edging sloth 155. Brash - hasty, rush; cheeky, saucy 156. Brass - yellow metal (mixing copper and zinc) 157. Brazen - made of brass 158. Breach - opening broken place, breaking 159. Brigant - brigand, bandit 160. Brisk - active, lively 161. Brisket - breast of an animal 162. Brittle - easily broken 163. Broach - bring up, announce, begin to talk about 164. Brook - to tolerate, endure 165. Buoyant - able to float; light-hearted 166. Burgeon - grow forth, send out buds 167. Burnish - to polish, rub to a shine

168. Bust - run out of money C 169. Cabal - a scheme or plot, a group of plotters 170. Cadge - to beg, to get by begging 171. Cajolers - flattery or deceit to persuade 172. Calf - young of the domestic cow 173. Calipers - metal s attached to the legs, measuring instrument 174. Calumniate - to slander, present false accusal 175. Calumny - slander, aspersion 176. Candid - frank straight-forward 177. Cantankerous - bad-tempered/quarrelsome 178. Cantin - sincere talk/jargon 179. Canvass - discuss thoroughly; sort of touting 180. Capricious - fickle, whimsical, given to change, unpredictable 181. Castigate - to chastise, correct by punishing 182. Castigation - severe punishment 183. Casual - happening by chance, careless 184. Catalyst - substance that causes speeding up 185. Caustic - biting, sarcastic 186. Censure - expression of blame or disapproval; a rebuke 187. Census - official counting of the population 188. Centurion - leader of a unit of 100 soldiers 189. Chary - cautious, wary 190. Chastened - corrected, punished 191. Chastisement - punishment 192. Chauvinist – a blindly devoted patriot 193. Chicanery - legal trickery/false argument 194. Chisel - steel tool for shaping materials 195. Churl - bad-tempered person 196. Cite - give as an example 197. Clamor - shout complain with a lot of noise 198. Cleanse - make pure, thoroughly clean 199. Clientele - customers 200. Clinch - come to grips/settle conclusively 201. Cling - to resist separation 202. Clot - half-solid lump formed from liquid 203. Cloture - closing, device (in Parliament) to end a debate by voting 204. Coalescing - coming together and uniting into one substance 205. Coax - get somebody to do something by kindness 206. Coda - age that completes a piece of music 207. Coddle - treat with care and tenderness 208. Coerce - compel to force to make obedient 209. Coeval - of the same period, coexisting 210. Cogent – strong convincing 211. Cogitate – think deeply, mediate 212. Cognition - knowing, awareness (emotionless) 213. Cognizant – being fully aware of 214. Coherent – sticking together 215. Colander - bowl-shaped vessel with many holes used to drain off water 216. Collaborate - work in partnership 217. Collusion - secret agreement for a deceitful purpose 218. Combustion - process of burning 219. Commemorate - keep the memory of 220. Commend - praise 221. Commendable - worthy of praise 222. Commingle - mingle together 223. Commodious - having plenty of space for what is needed 224. Commuter - person who travels regularly 225. Complacently – with self-satisfaction 226. Complaisance - tending to comply, obliging, willingness to please 227. Comply - act in accordance 228. Compound - mix or combine 229. Comprise - be composed of 230. Compunction - feeling of regret for one's action 231. Conceal - hide, keep secret 232. Conceit - over-high opinion of, too much pride 233. Conciliatory - reconciling, soothing, comforting, mollifying 234. Concord - agreement or harmony 235. Concur - agree in opinion, happen together 236. Condense - increase in density, strength, make laconic 237. Condone - forgive 238. Congeal - make or become stiff and solid 239. Con – to together 240. Connoisseur - a person with good judgment (e.g.. in art) 241. Connotation - suggestion in addition to 242. Consent - give agreement or permission

243. Consequential - pompous, self important 244. Consolation - consoling or being consoled 245. Console - give comfort or sympathy to 246. Conspicuous - easily seen; remarkable 247. Consternation - surprise and fear, dismay 248. Constrain - compel 249. Constrict - make tight or smaller 250. Consume - get to the end of 251. Consummate - perfect/make perfect/complete 252. Contemn - to scorn or despise 253. Contentious - argumentative, pugnacious, combative, quarrelsome 254. Contiguous - touching, neighboring, near 255. Contrite - filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing 256. Contumacious - insubordinate, rebellious 257. Conundrum - a riddle, dilemma, enigma 258. Conviction - convincing; firm belief 259. Convoke - call together, summon 260. Convoluted - complicated; coiled, twisted 261. Cord - twisted strands 262. Cordial - warm and sincere 263. Cordon – line of police acting as a guard 264. Cornucopia - abundant supply 265. Corporeal - physical; of or for the body 266. Correlate - have a mutual relation 267. Corroboration - additional, strengthening evidence 268. Countenance to - favor or approve of 269. Counterfeit - forgery 270. Countervail - counterbalance 271. Covert - disguised 272. Covetous - eagerly desirous 273. Cower - crouch; shrink back 274. Coy – shy/modest (esp of a girl) 275. Crass - very great (es. stupidity) 276. Cravat - piece of linen worn as a necktie 277. Craven – cowardly 278. Crease - line made by crushing; white line on the ground in cricket 279. Credulity - too great a readiness to believe things 280. Credulous - ready to believe things 281. Crush - press, lose shape, subdue, overwhelm 282. Cryptic - secret, with a hidden meaning 283. Cumbersome - burdensome, heavy and awkward to carry 284. Curmudgeon - bad-tempered person 285. Curriculum - course of study 286. Cursory - quick, hurried 287. Curtail - make shorter then was planned 288. Cynic - person who see no good in anything 289. D 290. Dainty - pretty/delicate(food)/difficult to please 291. Dart - quick movement; missile in darts 292. Daunt - intimidate, make fearful 293. Dawdler - person who is slow; waste of time 294. Dearth - shortage 295. Debacle - a breakup, overthrow, sudden disaster 296. Decorous - polite, decent 297. Decorum - propriety, properness 298. Decree - order given by authority 299. Decry - disapprove of 300. Defer - postpone; give way (to show respect) 301. Deference - respect 302. Deferential - showing respect 303. Defiance - open disobedience or resistance 304. Deflect - turn aside 305. Defy - resist openly 306. Degrade - reduce in rank or status 307. Delineate - to portray, depict, sketch out 308. Deluge - great flood, heavy rush of water 309. Delusion - false belief 310. Demagogue - person appealing not to reasons 311. Demur - to hesitate, raise objections 312. Denigrate - blacken, belittle, sully, defame 313. Denouement - an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot 314. Denounce - give information against 315. Dent - hollow, depression mad by a blow 316. Deplete - use until none remains 317. Deposition - dethronement, depositing

318. Deprave - make morally bad; corrupt 319. Deprecate - protest against, express disapproval of 320. Dereliction - deserting and leaving to fall into ruins 321. Derision - ridicule, mockery, deriding 322. Derivative - unoriginal, obtained from another source 323. Derogatory - insulting; tending to damage 324. Descry - catch sight of, see something in the distance 325. Desiccant - substance used to absorb moisture 326. Desiccate - dry out all the moisture 327. Desuetude - cessation of use; disuse 328. Desultory - aimless, haphazard, digressing at random 329. Detach - separate 330. Deter - discourage, hinder 331. Detraction - slandering, verbal attack, aspersion 332. Detumescence - diminishing or lessening of swelling 333. Deviance - being different in moral standards (from normal) 334. Dexterity - skill (esp. in handling) 335. Dexterous - clever, skillful with hands 336. Diaphanous - transparent, gauzy 337. Diatribe - bitter and violent attack in words 338. Dictate - order 339. Diffidence - shyness 340. Diffident - lacking in self-confidence 341. Dilate - speak comprehensively, become wider, large 342. Dilatory - causing delay, procrastinating 343. Din - loud noise that continues 344. Disabuse - to undeceive, correct a false impression 345. Disallow - refuse to allow or accept as a correct 346. Discern - see with an effort but clearly 347. Discomfit - to defeat, put down 348. Disconcert - upset the self-possession of 349. Discountenance - refuse to approve of 350. Discourse - speech, lecture, 351. Discredit - refuse to believe 352. Discreet - careful/prudent 353. Discrete - individually distinct 354. Disdain - look on with contempt 355. Disencumber - free from encumbrance E 356. Encumbrance - burden; things that get on the way of 357. Endearing - making dear or liked 358. Endemic - epidemic 359. Endorse - write one's name on the back of 360. Enduring - lasting 361. Enervate - weaken, deprive of strength, attenuate 362. Engender - cause, produce, give rise to 363. Engrave - impress deeply 364. Engrossing - taken up all the time or attention; writing in large or formal 365. Engulf - swallow up 366. Enigma - something that is puzzling 367. Enmity - hatred; being an enemy 368. Enormity - excessive wickedness; evilness 369. Enormousness - great size 370. Ensign - flag/badge 371. Entangle - put into difficulties 372. Enthral - please greatly/enslave (fig) 373. Entice - tempt or persuade 374. Entreat - ask earnestly 375. Enunciate - pronounce (words)/express a theory 376. Enzyme - catalyst 377. Epicure – food lover, a connoisseur of food 378. Epicurean - devoted to pleasure (sensuous enjoyment) 379. Epistle – letter 380. Epithet – adjective 381. Epitome - brief summary; representative example; a typical model 382. Equable - steady, regular 383. Equanimity - calmness of temperament 384. Equilibrium - state of being balanced 385. Equipoise - equal distribution of weight; equilibrium 386. Equivocal - having a double or doubtful meaning; suspicious 387. Equivocate - try to deceive by equivocal language 388. Eradicate - get rid of; pull up by the roots 389. Erasure – erasing, removing all traces 390. Erode - wear away, eat into 391. Erratic - irregular in behaviour or opinion 392. Erudite - learned, scholarly

393. Escalate - increase, develop 394. Eschew - avoid 395. Esoteric - abstruse; intended only for a small circle of 396. Espouse - marry; give one's to 397. Eulogy - formal praise; panegyric 398. Euphoria - elation; state of pleasant excitement 399. Euthanasia - easy and painless death 400. Evaluating - finding out the value 401. Evaporate - change into vapor, disappear, die 402. Evasive - tending to evade 403. Evince - to show clearly, to indicate 404. Evoke - call up, bring out 405. Evolve - unfold, develop naturally and gradually 406. Excoriate - to flay, stip off the skin; to denounce sharply 407. Excoriation - severe criticism 408. Exculpate - to clear from a charge of guilt 409. Exert - thrust out, push forth 410. Exertion - instance of exerting 411. Exhaustive - complete, thorough 412. Exigency - emergency, an urgent situation 413. Exonerate - free; clear 414. Exoneration - set somebody clear, free (e.g.. from blame) 415. Exorbitant - much too high or great 416. Expatiate - to roam, wander freely 417. Expedient - likely to be useful for a purpose 418. Expiation - ending; expiring 419. Exploit – brilliant achievement; develop; use selfishly 420. Expostulate - argue earnestly to dissuade, correct, or protest 421. Expurgate - to remove obscenity, purify, censor 422. Exscind - to cut out, cut away 423. Extant - still in existence 424. Extempore - without previous thought or preparation 425. Extensive - far-reaching 426. Extenuate - reduce the strength of, lessen seriousness, partially excuse 427. Extinct - no longer active 428. Extinguish - end the existence of/wipe or put out 429. Extirpate - to destroy, exterminate, cut out, exscind 430. Extol - praise highly 431. Extort - obtain by threats, violence 432. Extralegal - outside the law 433. Extricable – that can be freed 434. Extrovert - cheerful person 435. Exuberance - state of growing vigorously; being full of life 436. F 437. Facetious - humorous, funny, jocular 438. Facile - easily done 439. Facilitate - make easy (e.g.. a process of smth) 440. Fallacious - based on error 441. Fallacy - false or mistaken belief 442. Falter - waver/move in an uncertain manner 443. Fatuous - without sense, foolish self-satisfaction 444. Faucet - device for controlling the outflow of a liquid 445. Fawn - young deer, try to win somebody's favor 446. Feckless - lacking purpose or vitality; ineffective; careless 447. Fecund - fertile 448. Feint - pretend 449. Felicitous - apt; suitably expressed, well chosen, apropos 450. Felon - person guilty of murder 451. Ferment - substance; become excited 452. Ferocity - savage cruelty 453. Ferret - discover by searching; search 454. Fertile - producing much, full of ideas 455. Fertilize - make fertile or productive 456. Fervid - showing earnest feeling 457. Fervor - warmth of feelings; earnestness 458. Fetid - stinking 459. Fetter - to shackle, put in chains 460. Feud - bitter quarrel over a long period of time 461. Fidelity - loyalty, accuracy 462. Fidget - move restlessly, make nervous 463. Figurehead – carved image on the prow of a ship 464. Finesse - delicate way of dealing with a situation 465. Finical - too fussy about food, clothing, etc. 466. Finicky - finical 467. Finite - limited, having bounds

468. Fission - splitting or division (esp. of cells) 469. Fix at - stare at 470. Flak - criticism/anti-aircraft guns 471. Flamboyant - brightly colored, florid 472. Flammable - having tendency to burst into flames 473. Flaunting - show off complacently 474. Flaw - crack, lessen value 475. Flax - pale yellow (hair); a plant 476. Fledged - able to fly, trained, experienced 477. Fleet – number of ships, quick-moving 478. Fleeting - ing quickly 479. Flexibility - easily bent without braking 480. Flinch - draw, move back, wince 481. Flop - fail/move/fall clumsily 482. Florid - very much ornamented; naturally red (e.g.. of face) 483. Floridness - ruddiness; heavily decorated; ornateness 484. Flout - reject, mock, to go against (as in going against tradition) 485. Fluke - lucky stroke 486. Fluster – make nervous or confused 487. Foible - defect of character (a person is wrongly proud) 488. Foil - prevent from carrying out; contrast 489. Foment - put something warm (to lessen the pain) 490. Foolproof - incapable of failure or error 491. Foppish - like a man who pays too much attention to his clothes 492. Forage - food for horses and cattle 493. Forbear - refrain from, be patient; ancestor 494. Forbearance - patience, willingness to wait 495. Ford - shallow place in a river (to cross) 496. Forestall - prevent by taking action in advance, preempt 497. Forethought - foresight, planned in advance 498. Forfeit – suffer the loss of something 499. Forge - workshop for the shaping of metal; to shape metal; lead 500. Forgery - counterfeit 501. Forswear - renounce, disallow, repudiate 502. Fortify - strengthen 503. Fortuitous - happening by chance 504. Foster - nurture, care for 505. Fracas – noisy quarrel 506. Fragile - easily injured, broken or destroyed 507. Fragrant - sweet-smelling 508. Franchise - special right given by authority 509. Frantic - wildly excited with joy, pain, anxiety 510. Frenetic - frantic, frenzied 511. Fret - worry; irritation; wear away 512. Friction - the rubbing of one thing against another, difference of opinion 513. Fringe - edge; ornamental border; part of hair over the forehead 514. Froward - intractable, not willing to yield or comply, stubborn 515. Frugal - careful, economical 516. Fulminate - berate, vituperate, to thunder out, to explode 517. Fulmination - bitter protest 518. Fulsome - disgusting, offensive due to excessiveness G 519. Gainsay - to deny, declare false, to oppose 520. Gambol - quick, playful jumping 521. Garble - make unfair selection from facts 522. Garment - article of clothing 523. Garner - to gather and save; to store up 524. Garrulity - talkativeness 525. Garrulous – too talkative 526. Gaucherie - socially awkward, tactless behavior 527. Germane - relevant; pertinent to 528. Gist - the point, general sense 529. Glean - gather facts in small quantities 530. Glib - ready and smooth but not sincere 531. Glimmer - weak/unsteady light 532. Gloat - over look at with selfish delight 533. Glut - supply to much, fill to excess 534. Gnaw - waste away; bite steadily 535. Goad - something urging a person to action 536. Gorge - eat greedily/narrow opening with a stream 537. Gossamer - soft light, delicate material 538. Gouge - tool for cutting grooves in wood 539. Grace – favor 540. Grandiloquent - using pompous words 541. Grave - serious, requiring consideration 542. Graze - touch or scrape lightly in ing

543. Gregarious - living in societies; liking the company 544. Grievance - cause for complaint or protest 545. Grievous - causing grief or pain; serious, dire, grave 546. Grimace - twisted expression of a face 547. Grind - crush, polish 548. Grooves - long channel in the surface, habitual way of living 549. Grovel - crawl, humble oneself 550. Guile - deceit, cunning 551. Guileless - straight-forward, candid 552. Gull - cheat, deceive 553. Gullible - easily gulled 554. Gush - burst out suddenly/talk ardently 555. Gust - outburst of feeling; sudden rain, wind, fire, etc. H 556. Hack - cut roughly; hired horse 557. Halcyon - calm and peaceful 558. Hallow - to make holy; consecrate 559. Hamper - basket with a lid, prevent free movement or activity 560. Hapless - unlucky, unfortunate 561. Harangue - a long, ionate speech 562. Harbinger - something or somebody that foretells the coming 563. Harrow - to distress, create stress or torment 564. Harsh - rough, cruel, stern 565. Haughty - arrogant; conceited 566. Haven – harbor, safety place 567. Heed - attention/give notice to 568. Heinous - odious (of crime) 569. Heresy - belief contrary to what is generally accepted 570. Hermetic - sealed by fusion 571. Heterogeneous - made up of different kinds 572. Hew - make by hard work; cut (by striking) 573. Highbrow - (person) with superior tastes 574. Hirsute - hairy, shaggy 575. Hoax - mischievous trick played on somebody for a joke 576. Hoipolloi - the masses; the rabble 577. Hollow - not soled, with hole 578. Holster - leather case for a pistol 579. Homiletics - act of preaching 580. Hone - stone used for sharpening tools 581. Hoodwink - trick, mislead 582. Hospitable - liking to give hospitality 583. Hubris - arrogant pride 584. Hurdle - light frame, fence to be jumped over 585. Hush - make or become silent 586. Husk - worthless outside part of anything 587. Hypocrisy - falsely making oneself appear to be good I 588. Iconoclast - person who attacks popular beliefs 589. Iconoclastic - attacking cherished beliefs 590. Idiosyncrasy - personal mannerism 591. Idolatrous - worshipping idols \ 592. Idolatry - excessive iration of 593. Ignoble - dishonorable, common, undignified 594. Ignominious - shameful, dishonorable, undignified, disgraceful 595. Illicit - unlawful, forbidden 596. Illusory - deceptive; an illusion 597. Imbroglio - complicated and embarrassing situation 598. Immaculate - pure, faultless 599. Immerse - absorb; put under the surface of 600. Imminent - likely to come or happen soon 601. Immutable - that cannot be changed 602. Impair - worsen, diminish in value 603. Impaired - damaged, weakened 604. Imive - unmoved; feeling no sign of ion 605. Impecunious - having little or no money 606. Impede - hinder; get in the way of 607. Impediment - something that hinders (e.g. stammer) 608. Impending - imminent, being about to happen, expected 609. Imperative - urgent, essential 610. Imperious - commanding, haughty, arrogant 611. Impermeable – that cannot be permeated 612. Imperturbable - calm; not capable of being excited 613. Impervious - not allowing to through (of materials) 614. Imperviousness - arrogance, commanding presence, over bearingness 615. Impetuous - having sudden energy, impulsive, thrusting ahead, forceful 616. Impiety - lack of reverence or dutifulness

617. Implacable - incapable of being placated, unpleasable 618. Implausibility – incredibility 619. Implicate - show that somebody has a share 620. Implicit - implied though not plainly expressed 621. Implosion - collapse; bursting inward 622. Imply - make a suggestion 623. Importune - beg urgently; solicit (of a prostitute) 624. Imprecation - an invocation of evil; a curse 625. Impromptu - without preparation 626. Impudence - being rash, indiscreet 627. Impudent - rash, indiscreet 628. Impugned - challenged, to be doubted 629. Impute - to attribute to a cause or source, ascribe 630. Inadvertent - done thoughtlessly 631. Inane - silly, senseless 632. Inasmuch - since, because 633. Incense - make angry 634. Incessant - often repeated, continual 635. Inchoate -not yet fully formed, rudimentary, elementary 636. Incipient - beginning 637. Incise - engrave, make a cut in 638. Incite – stir up, rouse 639. Inclined - directing the mind in a certain direction 640. Incoherently - not consistently, unclearly 641. Incongruous - out of place, not in harmony or agreement 642. Incorrigibility - cannot be cured or corrected 643. Incredulous - skeptical, unwilling to believe 644. Inculcate - fix firmly by repetition 645. Incumbents - official duties 646. Incursion - a raid, a sudden attack 647. Indefatigability - not easily exhaustible; tirelessness 648. Indelible - that cannot be rubbed out 649. Indelicate - immodest; lacking in refinement 650. Indigence - poverty 651. Indigenous - native 652. Indistinct - not easily heard, seen, clearly marked 653. Indolence - laziness 654. Indomitable - not easily discouraged or subdued 655. Indulge - gratify, give way to, satisfy; allow oneself 656. Indulgent - inclined to indulge 657. Ineffable – to great to be described in words 658. Ineluctable - certain, inevitable 659. Inept - unskillful; said or done at the wrong time 660. Ineptitude - quality of being unskillful 661. Inferno - hell 662. Infertile - not fertile, barren 663. Inflame - become red, angry 664. Inflammatory - tending to inflame 665. Infuriate - fill with fury or rage 666. Infuse - put, pour, fill 667. Ingenuous - naive, young, artless, frank, honest, sincere 668. Ingest - take in by swallowing 669. Inherent - existing as a natural part 670. Inhibit - hinder, restrain 671. Inimical - harmful or friendly 672. Inimitable - defying imitation, unmatchable 673. Innocuous - causing no harm 674. Inscrutable - incapable of being discovered or understood 675. Insensible - unconscious, unresponsive, unaffected 676. Insinuate - suggest unpleasantly; make a way for something gently 677. Insipid -without taste or flavor 678. Insouciant - unconcerned, carefree 679. Insularity - narrow-mindedness, isolated 680. Insurrection - rising of people to open resistance to 681. Interdict - prohibit, forbid 682. Interim - as an installment 683. Intersperse - place here and there 684. Intervene - come between; interfere to change the result 685. Intractable - unruly, refractory, stubborn 686. Intransigence - unwillingness to compromise, stubbornness, intractability 687. Intransigent - uncompromising 688. Intrepid – fearless, brave, undaunted 689. Introspection - examining one's own thoughts and feelings 690. Inundate - flood; cover by overflowing 691. Inured - accustomed to, adapted 692. Invective - abusive language, curses

693. Inveigh - to attack verbally, denounce, deprecate 694. Inveterate - deep-rooted. long-established 695. Invincible - too strong to be defeated 696. Involute - complex 697. Irascible - irritable, easily angered 698. Irate - angry 699. Ire - anger 700. Irksome – tiresome 701. Irrelevant - not relevant, not connected 702. Irresolute - hesitating; undecided 703. Irrevocable - final and unalterable 704. Itinerary - plan for a journey, details or records of a route 705. Itinerate - to travel from place to place, to peregrinate J 706. Jabber -talk excitedly; utter rapidly 707. Jeopardize - put in danger 708. Jibe - gibe, make fun of 709. Jocular - meant as a joke 710. Judicious - sound in judgment; wise K 711. Knit - draw together, unite firmly L 712. Labyrinthine - to entangle the state of affairs 713. Lachrymose - causing tears, tearful 714. Lackluster - (of eyes) dull, without bright 715. Laconic - brief, to the point, terse 716. Lag - go too slow 717. Lament - show, feel great sorrow 718. Lassitude - weariness, tiredness 719. Latent - present but not yet active, developed or visible 720. Laudatory - expressing or giving praise 721. Lavish - giving or producing freely, liberally or generously 722. Leakage - the process of leaking 723. Legacy - something handed down from ancestors 724. Levee - formal reception/embankment 725. Levity - lack of seriousness 726. Libel - statement that damages reputation 727. Liberality - free giving; generosity 728. Libertine - immoral person 729. Lien - legal claim until a debt on it is repaid 730. Limn - paint, portray 731. Limp - lacking strength, walking unevenly 732. Lionize - treat as a famous person 733. Lithe - bending, twisting 734. Loll - rest, to sit or stand in a lazy way; hang (dog's tongue) 735. Lope - move along with long strides 736. Loquacious - talkative, garrulous 737. Lubricant - substance that makes work easier 738. Lubricate - put oil to make work easily 739. Lubricious - lewd, wanton, greasy, slippery 740. Lucubrate - write in scholarly fashion 741. Luculent - easily understood, lucid, clear 742. Lugubrious - mournful, excessively sad 743. Lull - become quiet or less active 744. Lumber - move in a clumsy/noisy way 745. Luminary - star, light-giving body 746. Lurk - be out of view ready to attack 747. Lustrous - being bright, polished M 748. Macabre - gruesome, suggesting death 749. Macerate - make or become soft by soaking in water 750. Machination - plot, scheme (esp. evil) 751. Maladroit - tactless, clumsy 752. Malapropism - misuse of a word (for one that resembles it) 753. Malevolence - wishing to do evil 754. Malign - injurious, speak ill of somebody, tell lie 755. Malinger - to fake illness or injury, in order to shirk a duty 756. Malleable - yielding; easily shaped; moldable; adapting 757. Manacle - chains for the hands or feet 758. Martial - brave, of associated with war 759. Massacre - cruel killing of a large number of people 760. Matriculation - be itted, enter a university as a student 761. Mature - come to full development, to a state ready for use 762. Maudlin - sentimental in a silly or tearful way 763. Maul - hurt by rough handling 764. Maverick – rebel, nonconformist

765. Mellifluous - sweetly flowing 766. Mendacious - false 767. Mendacity - dishonesty 768. Mendicant - a beggar 769. Mercurial - quick, changeable in character, fleeting 770. Meretricious - attractive on the surface but of little value 771. Mesmerize - hypnotize 772. Meticulous - giving great attention to details 773. Mettle - quality of endurance or courage 774. Mettlesome - courageous, high-spirited 775. Middling -fairly good but not very good 776. Minatory - menacing, threatening 777. Mince - pronounce or speak affectedly, euphemize 778. Misanthrope - person who hates mankind 779. Mischievous - harmful, causing mischief 780. Miser - person who loves wealth and spends little 781. Misogynist - one who hates women/females 782. Missile - something that is thrown or shot 783. Mitigate - make less severe or painful 784. Moderation - quality of being limited, not extreme 785. Mollify - make calmer or quieter 786. Molt - moult, lose hair, feathers before new growing 787. Morbid - diseased, unhealthy (e.g.. about ideas) 788. Morose - ill-tempered, unsociable 789. Mortuary - place where dead bodies are taken to be kept until burial 790. Muffler - cloth worn round the neck/silencer 791. Multifarious - varied, motley, greatly diversified 792. Mundane - worldly as opposed to spiritual; commonplace, everyday 793. Myriad - very great number N 794. Nadir -lowest, weakest point 795. Nascent - coming into existence, emerging 796. Nebulous - cloud-like; hazy; vague; indistinct 797. Negligent - taking too little care 798. Neophyte - person who has been converted to a belief 799. Nexus - a connection, tie, or link 800. Nibble - show some inclination to accept (an offer) 801. Nice - precise, sensitive to subtleness 802. Noisome - offensive, disgusting (smell) 803. Nonchalant - not having interest 804. Nonplused - greatly surprised 805. Nostrum - a quack remedy, an untested cure 806. Notion - nominal, token 807. Noxious - harmful 808. Nugatory – trifling/worthless 809. Nullify - make void and null 810. Numb – without ability to feel or move 811. Numbness - without ability to move a finger O 812. Obdurate - hardened and unrepenting; stubborn, inflexible 813. Obfuscate - to darken, make obscure, muddle 814. Oblivious - unaware, having no memory 815. Obloquy - abusively detractive language, sharp criticism, vituperation 816. Obsequious - too eager to obey or serve 817. Obsolete - no longer used 818. Obstreperous - noisy, loud 819. Obtain - to be established, accepted, or customary 820. Obtrusive - projecting, prominent, undesirably noticeable 821. Obtuse - blunt/stupid 822. Obviate – to make unnecessary, get rid of 823. Occluded - blocked up 824. Occult - hidden, concealed, beyond comprehension 825. Odious - repulsive, hateful 826. Odium - contempt, dislike, aversion 827. Odor - smell; favor; reputation 828. Officious - too eager or ready to help, offer advice 829. Ominous - threatening 830. Opaqueness - dullness/not allowing light to through 831. Opprobrious - showing scorn or reproach 832. Ossify - to turn to bone; to settle rigidly into an idea 833. Ostensible - seeming, appearing as such, professed 834. Ostentation - display to obtain iration or envy 835. Ostentatious - fond of showing ostentation 836. Ostracism - shut out from society, refuse to meet, talk 837. Ostrich - fast-running bird unable to fly 838. Outset - start

839. Overhaul - examine thoroughly to learn about the condition 840. Overweening - presumptuously arrogant, overbearing, immoderate, being a jerk 841. Overwhelm - weigh down, submerge P 842. Paean - song of praise or triumph 843. Palate - roof of the mouth; sense of taste 844. Palatial - magnificent 845. Palliate - to make something appear less serious, to alleviate, to gloss over 846. Palpability - can be felt, touched, understood 847. Palpitate - tremble, beat rapidly and irregularly 848. Pan - flat/zoom 849. Panegyric - formal praise, eulogy 850. Paradigm - a model, example, or pattern 851. Parenthesis - sentence within another one, something separated 852. Pariah - an outcast, a rejected and despised person 853. Parsimonious - too economical, miserly 854. Partisan - one-sided, committed to a party, biased or prejudiced 855. Patron - regular customer; person who gives 856. Paucity - scarcity, a lacking of 857. Peccadillo - small sin; small weakness in one's character 858. Pedantic - bookish, showing off learning 859. Pedestrian - commonplace, trite, unremarkable 860. Pellucid - transparent, easy to understand 861. Penchant - strong inclination, a liking 862. Penitent - feeling or showing regret 863. Penurious - poor/stingy 864. Penury - extreme poverty 865. Peregrination - traveling about, wandering 866. Peremptory - urgent, imperative, unchallengeable, ending debate 867. Perennial - lasting for a long time (e.g.. a year) 868. Perfidious - treacherous, faithless 869. Perfidy - treachery; breaking of faith 870. Perfunctory - done as a duty without care 871. Perilous - dangerous 872. Peripatetic - wandering 873. Perish - be destroyed; decay 874. Perjury - willful false statement, unlawful act 875. Permeate - spread into every part of 876. Pernicious - harmful, injurious 877. Perpetrate - be guilty; commit (a crime) 878. Persevere - keep on steadily, continue 879. Personable - pleasing in appearance, attractive 880. Perspicacity - quick judging and understanding 881. Pertain - belong as a part, have reference 882. Pest - destructive thing or a person who is nuisance 883. Petrified - taken away power (to think, feel, act) 884. Petrify - to make hard, rocklike 885. Petrous - like a rock, hard, stony 886. Petulant - unreasonably impatient 887. Philistine - a smug ignorant person; one who lacks knowledge 888. Phlegmatic - calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional 889. Picaresque - involving clever rogues or adventurers 890. Pied - of mixed colors 891. Pinch - be too tight, take between the thumb and finger 892. Pine - waste away through sorrow or illness 893. Pious - dutiful to parents; devoted to religion 894. Piquant - agreeably pungent, stimulating 895. Pique - hurt the pride or self-respect, stir (curiosity) 896. Pitfall - covered hole as a trap, unsuspected danger 897. Pith - essential part, force, soft liquid substance 898. Pivotal - of great importance (others depend on it) 899. Placate - soothe, pacify, calm 900. Plaintive - mournful, melancholy, sorrowful 901. Plaque - flat metal on a wall as a memorial 902. Platitude - a trite or banal statement; unoriginality 903. Plea - request 904. Plead - address a court of law as an advocate 905. Plethora – glut 906. Pliant - pliable, easily bent, shaped or twisted 907. Plod - continue doing something without resting 908. Pluck - pull the feathers off, pick (e.g.. flowers) 909. Plumb - get to the root of 910. Plummet - fall, plunge, steeply 911. Plunge - move quickly, suddenly and with force 912. Poignant - deeply moving; keen 913. Poise - be ready, be balanced, self-possession

914. Polemical - controversial, argued 915. Poncho - large piece of cloth 916. Ponderous - heavy, bulky, dull 917. Portent - omen; marvelous; threatening 918. Poseur - someone taking on airs to impress others; a phony 919. Posture - state, attitude; adopt a vain 920. Poverty - state of being poor 921. Pragmatic - practical, favoring utility 922. Precarious - uncertain, risky, dangerous 923. Precept - moral instruction 924. Precepts - rules establishing standards of conduct 925. Precipitate - throw something violently down from a height 926. Preclude - prevent, make impossible 927. Precursory - preliminary, anticipating 928. Predilection - special liking, mental preference 929. Predominate - have more power than others 930. Preempt - obtain by preemption or in advance 931. Preen - tidy/show self-satisfaction 932. Premature - doing or happening something before the right time 933. Preponderance - greatness in number, strength, weight 934. Presage - warning sign 935. Presumption - arrogance 936. Preternatural - not normal or usual 937. Prevalent - common 938. Prevaricate - to equivocate, to stray from the truth 939. Prim - neat; formal 940. Pristine - primitive, unspoiled, pure, as in earlier times unadulterated 941. Probity - uprightness, incorruptibility, principle 942. Proclivity - inclination 943. Procrast - ination keeping on putting off 944. Prodigal - wasteful, reckless with money 945. Prodigious - enormous, wonderful 946. Profane - worldly, having contempt for God 947. Profligacy - shameless immorality 948. Profligate - wasteful, prodigal, licentious, extravagant 949. Profundity - depth 950. Profuse - abundant/lavish 951. Proliferate - grow, reproduce by rapid multiplication 952. Prolix - tiring because too long 953. Prone - prostrate; inclined to (undesirable things) 954. Propagation - increasing the number, spreading, extending 955. Propinquity - nearness in time or place, affinity of nature 956. Propitiate - do something to take away the anger of 957. Propitiatory - conciliatory, appeasing, mitigating 958. Propitious - auspicious, presenting favorable circumstances 959. Prosaic - everyday, mundane, commonplace, trite, pedestrian 960. Proscribe - denounce as dangerous 961. Protracted – prolonged 962. Provident - frugal; looking to the future 963. Provisional - of the present time only 964. Provoke - make angry; vax 965. Prudence - careful forethought 966. Prudish - easily shocked, excessively modest 967. Prune - dried plum, silly person 968. Pry - get smth; inquire too curiously 969. Pucker - wrinkle 970. Pugnacious - fond of, in the habit of fighting 971. Puissance - strength 972. Punch - strike with the fist; tool for cutting holes; alc. drink 973. Punctilious – precise, paying attention to trivialities 974. Pundit - pedant, authority on a subject 975. Pungency - sharpness; stinging quality 976. Purvey - provide, supply 977. Pusillanimous – cowardly, craven 978. Putrefaction - becoming rotten 979. Pyre - large pile of wood for burning Q 980. Quack - person dishonestly claiming to smth 981. Quaff - drink deeply 982. Quail - lose courage, turn frightened 983. Qualm - feeling of doubt, temporary feeling of sickness 984. Quandary - state of doubt or perplexity 985. Quell - suppress, subdue 986. Quibble - try to avoid by sophistication 987. Quiescence - state of being ive/motionless 988. Quiescent - at rest, dormant, torpid

989. Quirk - habit or action peculiar to somebody or smth 990. Quixotic - generous, unselfish 991. Quotidian - banal; everyday R 992. Rabble -mob, crowd; the lower classes of populace 993. Raconteur - person who tells anecdotes 994. Radiant - bright, shining 995. Raffish - low, vulgar, base, tawdry 996. Rail at - find fault, utter reproaches 997. Ramify - to be divided or subdivided; to branch 998. Rancorous - feeling bitterness, spitefulness 999. Rant - use extravagant language 1000. Rapacious - greedy (especially for money) 1001. Rarefy - to make thin, to make less dense, to purify or refine 1002. Rave - act with excessive enthusiasm 1003. Reactionary - opposing progress 1004. Rebuff - snub 1005. Recalcitrant - disobedient 1006. Recant - take back as being false; give up 1007. Recast - cast or fashion anew 1008. Recidivism - relapse into antisocial or criminal behavior 1009. Reciprocity - granting of privileges in return for similar 1010. Recital - performance of music 1011. Recluse - person who lives alone and avoids people 1012. Recompense - make payment to; reward, punish 1013. Reconcile - settle a quarrel; restore peace 1014. Recondite - little known; abstruse 1015. Recourse - something turned to for help 1016. Recreancy - cowardice, a cowardly giving up 1017. Recuperate - become strong after illness, loss, exhaustion 1018. Redeem - get back by payment; compensate 1019. Redemptive - serving to redeem 1020. Redoubtable - formidable, causing fear 1021. Refine - make or become pure, cultural 1022. Refractory - stubborn, unmanageable, intractable 1023. Refulgent - shining, brilliant 1024. Regale - to delight or entertain; to feast 1025. Regicide - crime of killing a king 1026. Reiterate - say or do again several times 1027. Rejuvenation - becoming young in nature or appearance 1028. Relapse -fall back again 1029. Relinquish - give up 1030. Reluctant - unwilling or disinclined 1031. Remonstrate - to protest, object 1032. Render - deliver, provide, represent 1033. Renovate - restore something to better condition 1034. Renowned - celebrated, famous 1035. Rent - regular payment for the use of smth, division or split 1036. Repast - meal 1037. Repel - refuse to accept/cause dislike 1038. Repine at – be discontented with 1039. Reproach - scold, upbraid 1040. Reprobate - person hardened in sin; one devoid of decency 1041. Repudiate - disown, refuse to accept or pay 1042. Repulsive - causing a feeling of disgust 1043. Requite - repay, give in return 1044. Rescind - repeal/annul/cancel 1045. Resigned - unresisting, submissive 1046. Resilience - quality of quickly recovering the original shape 1047. Resolve - determine 1048. Resort to - frequently visit 1049. Restive - refusing to move; reluctant to be controlled 1050. Resurrect - bring back into use 1051. Resuscitation - coming back to consciousness 1052. Retard - check, hinder 1053. Reticent - reserved, untalkative, silent, taciturn 1054. Revere - have deep respect for 1055. Reverent - feeling or showing deep respect 1056. Riddle - puzzling person or thing 1057. Rift - split, crack, dissension 1058. Rivet - fix, take up, secure; metal pin 1059. Roll call - calling of names 1060. Rope - thick strong cord made by twisting 1061. Rotund - rich and deep; plump and round 1062. Rubric - heading, title, or category 1063. Ruffian - violent, cruel man

1064. Rumple - make rough 1065. Sagacious - having sound judgment; perceptive, wise; like a sage 1066. Salacious - obscene 1067. Salient - prominent, protruding, conspicuous, highly relevant 1068. Salubrious - healthful 1069. Salutary - remedial, wholesome, causing improvement 1070. Sanctimony - Self-righteousness, hypocritical, with false piety 1071. Sanction - approval (by authority); penalty 1072. Sanguine - cheerful, confident, optimistic 1073. Sanity - health of mind; soundness of judgement 1074. Sap - weaken 1075. Sash - long strip worn round the waist 1076. Sate - satiate 1077. Satiate - satisfy fully 1078. Saturnine - gloomy, dark, sullen, morose 1079. Savant - person of great learning 1080. Savor - taste, flavor smth 1081. Sawdust - tiny bits of wood 1082. Scabbards - heath for the blade 1083. Scent - smell (especially pleasant) 1084. Scorch - become discolored/dry up/go at high speed 1085. Scribble - write hastily 1086. Scurvy - mean, contemptible 1087. Seal - piece of wax, lead, etc stamped on the document 1088. Secular - material (not spiritual); living outside monasteries 1089. Sedulous - persevering 1090. Seminal - like a seed; constituting a source, originative 1091. Sententious - short and pithy, full of maxims/proverbs 1092. Sequence - succession, connected line of 1093. Sere - make hard and without feeling/mouldy flower. 1094. Sermon - reproving a person for his faults 1095. Serrated - having a toothed edge 1096. Serration - having a toothed edge 1097. Servile - like a slave, lacking independence 1098. Sever - break off 1099. Severance - severing 1100. Shaft - arrow or spear, something long and narrow 1101. Shallow - little depth; not earnest 1102. Shard - piece of broken earthenware 1103. Sheath - cover for the blade of a weapon or a tool 1104. Shove - push 1105. Shrewd - astute; showing sound judgement 1106. Shrill - sharp, piercing 1107. Shun - keep away from; avoid 1108. Shunt - send from one track to another; lay aside; evade discussion 1109. Sidestep - step to one side 1110. Simper - (give a) silly/self-conscious smile 1111. Sinuous - winding, undulating, serpentine 1112. Skiff - small boat 1113. Skit - short piece of humorous writing 1114. Slack - sluggish; dull; not tight 1115. Slake - to assuage, to satisfy, allay 1116. Slate - king of blue-grey stone; propose; criticize 1117. Sluggard - lazy, slow-moving person 1118. Slur - sounds/words (indistinct) abase v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade. abbess n. The lady superior of a nunnery. abbey n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns. abbot n. The superior of a community of monks. abdicate v. To give up (royal power or the like). abdomen n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly. abdominal n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen. abduction n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally. abed adv. In bed; on a bed. aberration n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course. abet v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense). abeyance n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction. abhorrence n. The act of detesting extremely. abhorrent adj. Very repugnant; hateful. abidance n. An abiding. abject adj. Sunk to a low condition. abjure v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath. able-bodied adj. Competent for physical service. ablution n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body. abnegate v. To renounce (a right or privilege). abnormal adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard.

abominable adj. Very hateful. abominate v. To hate violently. abomination n. A very detestable act or practice. aboriginal adj. Primitive; unsophisticated. aborigines n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. aboveboard adv. & adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery. abrade v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction. abrasion n. That which is rubbed off. abridge v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles. abridgment n. A condensed form as of a book or play. abrogate v. To abolish, repeal. abrupt adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break. abscess n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body. abscission n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation. abscond v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest. absence n. The fact of not being present or available. absent-minded adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business. absolution n. Forgiveness, or ing over of offenses. absolve v. To free from sin or its penalties. absorb v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water. absorption n. The act or process of absorbing. abstain v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something). abstemious adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food. abstinence n. Self denial. abstruse adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood. absurd adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense. abundant adj. Plentiful. abusive adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment. abut v. To touch at the end or boundary line. abyss n. Bottomless gulf. academic adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university. academician n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science. academy n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught. accede v. To agree. accelerate v. To move faster. accept v. To take when offered. access n. A way of approach or entrance; age. accessible adj. Approachable. accession n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government. accessory n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent. acclaim v. To utter with a shout. accommodate v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor. accompaniment n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or ing the leading part. accompanist n. One who or that which accompanies. accompany v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion. accomplice n. An associate in wrong-doing. accomplish v. To bring to . accordion n. A portable free-reed musical instrument. accost v. To speak to. n. A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions. accouter v. To dress. accredit v. To give credit or authority to. accumulate v. To become greater in quantity or number. accuracy n. Exactness. accurate adj. Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard. accursed adj. Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune. accusation n. A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error. accusatory adj. Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation. accuse v. To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error. accustom v. To make familiar by use. acerbity n. Sourness, with bitterness and astringency. acetate n. A salt of acetic acid. acetic adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar. ache v. To be in pain or distress. Achillean adj. Invulnerable. achromatic adj. Colorless, acid n. A sour substance. acidify v. To change into acid. acknowledge v. To recognize; to it the genuineness or validity of. acknowledgment n. Recognition. acme n. The highest point, or summit. acoustic adj. Pertaining to the act or sense of hearing. acquaint v. To make familiar or conversant. acquiesce v. To comply; submit. acquiescence n. ive consent. acquire v. To get as one's own. acquisition n. Anything gained, or made one's own, usually by effort or labor. acquit v. To free or clear, as from accusation. acquittal n. A discharge from accusation by judicial action. acquittance n. Release or discharge from indebtedness, obligation, or responsibility. acreage n. Quantity or extent of land, especially of cultivated land. acrid adj. Harshly pungent or bitter. acrimonious adj. Full of bitterness. acrimony n. Sharpness or bitterness of speech or temper. actionable adj. Affording cause for instituting an action, as tres, slanderous words. actuality n. Any reality. actuary n. An officer, as of an insurance company, who calculates and states the risks and s.

actuate v. To move or incite to action. acumen n. Quickness of intellectual insight, or discernment; keenness of discrimination. acute adj. Having fine and penetrating discernment. adamant n. Any substance of exceeding hardness or impenetrability. addendum n. Something added, or to be added. addle v. To make inefficient or worthless; muddle. adduce v. To bring forward or name for consideration. adhere v. To stick fast or together. adherence n. Attachment. adherent adj. Clinging or sticking fast. adhesion n. The state of being attached or ed. adieu inter. Good-by; farewell. adjacency n. The state of being adjacent. adjacent n. That which is near or bordering upon. adjudge v. To award or bestow by formal decision. adjunct n. Something ed to or connected with another thing, but holding a subordinate place. adjuration n. A vehement appeal. adjutant adj. Auxiliary. n. One who manages affairs of any kind. issible adj. Having the right or privilege of entry. ittance n. Entrance, or the right or permission to enter. onish v. To warn of a fault. onition n. Gentle reproof. ado n. unnecessary activity or ceremony. adoration n. Profound devotion. adroit adj. Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers. adulterant n. An adulterating substance. adulterate v. To make impure by the ixture of other or baser ingredients. adumbrate v. To represent beforehand in outline or by emblem. advent n. The coming or arrival, as of any important change, event, state, or personage. adverse adj. Opposing or opposed. adversity n. Misfortune. advert v. To refer incidentally. r n. One who s, especially in newspapers. advisory adj. Not mandatory. advocacy n. The act of pleading a cause. advocate n. One who pleads the cause of another, as in a legal or ecclesiastical court. aerial adj. Of, pertaining to, or like the air. aeronaut n. One who navigates the air, a balloonist. aeronautics n. the art or practice of flying aircraft aerostat n. A balloon or other apparatus floating in or sustained by the air. aerostatics n. The branch of pneumatics that treats of the equilibrium, pressure, and mechanical properties. affable adj. Easy to approach. affect v. To act upon affectation n. A studied or ostentatious pretense or attempt. n. Some auxiliary person or thing. affirmative adj. Answering yes; to a question at issue. affix v. To fasten. affluence n. A profuse or abundant supply of riches. affront n. An open insult or indignity. afire adv. & adj. On fire, literally or figuratively. afoot adv. In progress. aforesaid adj. Said in a preceding part or before. afresh adv. Once more, after rest or interval. afterthought n. A thought that comes later than its appropriate or expected time. agglomerate v. To pile or heap together. aggrandize v. To cause to appear greatly. aggravate v. To make heavier, worse, or more burdensome. aggravation n. The fact of being made heavier or more heinous, as a crime , offense, misfortune, etc. aggregate n. The entire number, sum, mass, or quantity of something. aggress v. To make the first attack. aggression n. An unprovoked attack. aggrieve v. To give grief or sorrow to. aghast adj. Struck with terror and amazement. agile adj. Able to move or act quickly, physically, or mentally. agitate v. To move or excite (the feelings or thoughts). agrarian adj. Pertaining to land, especially agricultural land. aide-de-camp n. An officer who receives and transmits the orders of the general. ailment n. Slight sickness. airy adj. Delicate, ethereal. akin adj. Of similar nature or qualities. alabaster n. A white or delicately tinted fine-grained gypsum. alacrity n. Cheerful willingness. albeit conj. Even though. albino n. A person with milky white skin and hair, and eyes with bright red pupil and usually pink iris. album n. A book whose leaves are so made to form paper frames for holding photographs or the like. alchemy n. Chemistry of the middle ages, characterized by the pursuit of changing base metals to gold. alcohol n. A volatile, inflammable, colorless liquid of a penetrating odor and burning taste. alcoholism n. A condition resulting from the inordinate or persistent use of alcoholic beverages. alcove n. A covered recess connected with or at the side of a larger room. alder n. Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family. alderman n. A member of a municipal legislative body, who usually exercises also certain judicial functions. aldermanship n. The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman. alias n. An assumed name. alien n. One who owes allegiance to a foreign government. alienable adj. Capable of being aliened or alienated, as lands.

alienate v. To cause to turn away. alienation n. Estrangement. aliment n. That which nourishes. alkali n. Anything that will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, etc. allay v. To calm the violence or reduce the intensity of; mitigate. allege v. To assert to be true, especially in a formal manner, as in court. allegory n. The setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness. alleviate v. To make less burdensome or less hard to bear. alley n. A narrow street, garden path, walk, or the like. alliance n. Any combination or union for some common purpose. allot v. To assign a definite thing or part to a certain person. allotment n. Portion. allude v. To refer incidentally, or by suggestion. allusion n. An indirect and incidental reference to something without definite mention of it. alluvion n. Flood. ally n. A person or thing connected with another, usually in some relation of helpfulness. almanac n. A series of tables giving the days of the week together with certain astronomical information. aloof adv. Not in sympathy with or desiring to associate with others. altar n. Any raised place or structure on which sacrifices may be offered or incense burned. alter v. To make change in. alteration n. Change or modification. altercate v. To contend angrily or zealously in words. alternate n. One chosen to act in place of another, in case of the absence or incapacity of that other. alternative n. Something that may or must exist, be taken or chosen, or done instead of something else. altitude n. Vertical distance or elevation above any point or base-level, as the sea. alto n. The lowest or deepest female voice or part. altruism n. Benevolence to others on subordination to self-interest. altruist n. One who advocates or practices altruism. amalgam n. An alloy or union of mercury with another metal. amalgamate v. To mix or blend together in a homogeneous body. amateur adj. Practicing an art or occupation for the love of it, but not as a profession. amatory adj. Designed to excite love. ambidextrous adj. Having the ability of using both hands with equal skill or ease. ambiguous adj. Having a double meaning. ambitious adj. Eagerly desirous and aspiring. ambrosial adj. Divinely sweet, fragrant, or delicious. ambulance n. A vehicle fitted for conveying the sick and wounded. ambulate v. To walk about ambush n. The act or state of lying concealed for the purpose of surprising or attacking the enemy. ameliorate v. To relieve, as from pain or hardship amenable adj. Willing and ready to submit. Americanism n. A peculiar sense in which an English word or phrase is used in the United States. amicable adj. Done in a friendly spirit. amity n. Friendship. amorous adj. Having a propensity for falling in love. amorphous adj. Without determinate shape. amour n. A love-affair, especially one of an illicit nature. ampere n. The practical unit of electric-current strength. ampersand n. The character &; and. amphibious adj. Living both on land and in water. amphitheater n. An edifice of elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena. amplitude n. Largeness. amply adv. Sufficiently. amputate v. To remove by cutting, as a limb or some portion of the body. amusement n. Diversion. anachronism n. Anything occurring or existing out of its proper time. anagram n. The letters of a word or phrase so transposed as to make a different word or phrase. analogous adj. Corresponding (to some other) in certain respects, as in form, proportion, relations. analogy n. Reasoning in which from certain and known relations or resemblance others are formed. analyst n. One who analyzes or makes use of the analytical method. analyze v. To examine minutely or critically. anarchy n. Absence or utter disregard of government. anathema n. Anything forbidden, as by social usage. anatomy n. That branch of morphology which treats of the structure of organisms. ancestry n. One's ancestors collectively. anecdote n. A brief of some interesting event or incident. anemia n. Deficiency of blood or red corpuscles. anemic adj. Affected with anemia. anemometer n. An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of wind. anesthetic adj. Pertaining to or producing loss of sensation. anew adv. Once more. angelic adj. Saintly. Anglophobia n. Hatred or dread of England or of what is English. Anglo-Saxon n. The entire English race wherever found, as in Europe, the United States, or India. angular adj. Sharp-cornered. anhydrous adj. Withered. animadversion n. The utterance of criticism or censure.

animadvert v. To criticism or censure. animalcule n. An animal of microscopic smallness. animate v. To make alive. animosity n. Hatred. annalist n. Historian. annals n. A record of events in their chronological order, year by year. annex v. To add or affix at the end. annihilate v. To destroy absolutely. annotate v. To make explanatory or critical notes on or upon. annual adj. Occurring every year. annuity n. An annual allowance, payment, or income. annunciation n. Proclamation. anode n. The point where or path by which a voltaic current enters an electrolyte or the like. anonymous adj. Of unknown authorship. antagonism n. Mutual opposition or resistance of counteracting forces, principles, or persons. Antarctic adj. Pertaining to the south pole or the regions near it. ante v. In the game of poker, to put up a stake before the cards are dealt. antecede v. To precede. antecedent n. One who or that which precedes or goes before, as in time, place, rank, order, or causality. antechamber n. A waiting room for those who seek audience. antedate v. To assign or affix a date to earlier than the actual one. antediluvian adj. Of or pertaining to the times, things, events before the great flood in the days of Noah. antemeridian adj. Before noon. antemundane adj. Pertaining to time before the world's creation. antenatal adj. Occurring or existing before birth. anterior adj. Prior. anteroom n. A room situated before and opening into another, usually larger. anthology n. A collection of extracts from the writings of various authors. anthracite n. Hard coal. anthropology n. The science of man in general. anthropomorphous adj. Having or resembling human form. antic n. A grotesque, ludicrous, or fantastic action. Antichrist n. Any opponent or enemy of Christ, whether a person or a power. anticlimax n. A gradual or sudden decrease in the importance or impressiveness of what is said. anticyclone n. An atmospheric condition of high central pressure, with currents flowing outward. antidote n. Anything that will counteract or remove the effects of poison, disease, or the like. antilogy n. Inconsistency or contradiction in or ideas. antipathize v. To show or feel a feeling of antagonism, aversion, or dislike. antiphon n. A response or alteration of responses, generally musical. antiphony n. An anthem or other composition sung responsively. antipodes n. A place or region on the opposite side of the earth. antiquary n. One who collects and examines old things, as coins, books, medals, weapons, etc. antiquate v. To make old or out of date. antique adj. Pertaining to ancient times. antiseptic n. Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactive micro- organisms. antislavery adj. Opposed to human slavery. antispasmodic adj. Tending to prevent or relieve non-inflammatory spasmodic affections. antistrophe n. The inversion of in successive classes, as in “the home of joy” and “the joy of home”. antitoxin n. A substance which neutralizes the poisonous products of micro-organisms. antonym n. A word directly opposed to another in meaning. anxious adj. Distressed in mind respecting some uncertain matter. apathy n. Insensibility to emotion or ionate feeling. aperture n. Hole. apex n. The highest point, as of a mountain. aphorism n. Proverb. apiary n. A place where bees are kept. apogee n. The climax. apology n. A disclaimer of intentional error or offense. apostasy n. A total departure from one's faith or religion. apostate adj. False. apostle n. Any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority. apothecary n. One who keeps drugs for sale and puts up prescriptions. apotheosis n. Deification. appall v. To fill with dismay or horror. apparent adj. Easily understood. apparition n. Ghost. appease v. To soothe by quieting anger or indignation. appellate adj. Capable of being appealed to. appellation n. The name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called. append v. To add or attach, as something accessory, subordinate, or supplementary. appertain v. To belong, as by right, fitness, association, classification, possession, or natural relation. apposite adj. Appropriate. apposition n. The act of placing side by side, together, or in . appraise v. To estimate the money value of. appreciable adj. Capable of being discerned by the senses or intellect. apprehend v. To make a prisoner of (a person) in the name of the law. apprehensible adj. Capable of being conceived. approbation n. Sanction. appropriate adj. Suitable for the purpose and circumstances. aqueduct n. A water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance. aqueous adj. Of, pertaining to, or containing water. arbiter n. One chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters. arbitrary adj. Fixed or done capriciously.

arbitrate v. To act or give judgment as umpire. arbor n. A tree. arboreal adj. Of or pertaining to a tree or trees. arborescent adj. Having the nature of a tree. arboretum n. A botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs. arboriculture n. The cultivation of trees or shrubs. arcade n. A vaulted ageway or street; a roofed ageway having shops, etc., opening from it. archaic adj. Antiquated archaism n. Obsolescence. archangel n. An angel of high rank. archbishop n. The chief of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province in the Greek, Roman, and Anglican church. archdeacon n. A high official of the affairs of a diocese. archaeology n. The branch of anthropology concerned with the systematic investigation of the relics of man. archetype n. A prototype. archipelago n. Any large body of water studded with islands, or the islands collectively themselves. ardent adj. Burning with ion. ardor n. Intensity of ion or affection. arid adj. Very dry. aristocracy n. A hereditary nobility aristocrat n. A hereditary noble or one nearly connected with nobility. armada n. A fleet of war-vessels. armful n. As much as can be held in the arm or arms. armory n. An arsenal. aroma n. An agreeable odor. arraign v. To call into court, as a person indicted for crime, and demand whether he pleads guilty or not. arrange v. To put in definite or proper order. arrangement n. The act of putting in proper order, or the state of being put in order. arrant adj. Notoriously bad. arrear n. Something overdue and unpaid. arrival n. A coming to stopping-place or destination. arrogant adj. Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc. arrogate v. To take, demand, or claim, especially presumptuously or without reasons or grounds. Artesian well n. A very deep bored well. water rises due to underground pressure artful adj. Characterized by craft or cunning. Arthurian adj. Pertaining to King Arthur, the real or legendary hero of British poetic story. artifice n. Trickery. artless adj. Ingenuous. ascendant adj. Dominant. ascension n. The act of rising. ascent n. A rising, soaring, or climbing. ascetic adj. Given to severe self-denial and practicing excessive abstinence and devotion. ascribe v. To assign as a quality or attribute. asexual adj. Having no distinct sexual organs. ashen adj. Pale. askance adv. With a side or indirect glance or meaning. asperity n. Harshness or roughness of temper. aspirant n. One who seeks earnestly, as for advancement, honors, place. aspiration n. An earnest wish for that which is above one's present reach. aspire v. To have an earnest desire, wish, or longing, as for something high and good, not yet attained. assailant n. One who attacks. assassin n. One who kills, or tries to kill, treacherously or secretly. assassinate v. To kill, as by surprise or secret assault, especially the killing of some eminent person. assassination n. Murderer, as by secret assault or treachery. assay n. The chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore. assent v. To express agreement with a statement or matter of opinion. assess v. To determine the amount of (a tax or other sum to be paid). assessor n. An officer whose duty it is to assess taxes. assets n. pl. Property in general, regarded as applicable to the payment of debts. assiduous adj. Diligent. assignee n. One who is appointed to act for another in the management of certain property and interests. assimilate v. To adapt. assonance n. Resemblance or correspondence in sound. assonant adj. Having resemblance of sound. assonate v. To accord in sound, especially vowel sound. assuage v. To cause to be less harsh, violent, or severe, as excitement, appetite, pain, or disease. astringent adj. Harsh in disposition or character. astute adj. Keen in discernment. atheism n. The denial of the existence of God. athirst adj. Wanting water. athwart adv. From side to side. atomizer n. An apparatus for reducing a liquid to a fine spray, as for disinfection, inhalation, etc. atone v. To make amends for. atonement n. Amends, reparation, or expiation made from wrong or injury. atrocious adj. Outrageously or wantonly wicked, criminal, vile, or cruel. atrocity n. Great cruelty or reckless wickedness. attaché n. A subordinate member of a diplomatic embassy. attest v. To certify as accurate, genuine, or true. attorney-general n. The chief law-officer of a government. auburn adj. Reddish-brown, said usually of the hair.

audacious adj. Fearless. audible adj. Loud enough to be heard. audition n. The act or sensation of hearing. auditory adj. Of or pertaining to hearing or the organs or sense of hearing. augment v. To make bigger. augur v. To predict. Augustinian adj. Pertaining to St. Augustine, his doctrines, or the religious orders called after him. aura n. Pervasive psychic influence supposed to emanate from persons aural adj. Of or pertaining to the ear. auricle n. One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins. auricular adj. Of or pertaining to the ear, its auricle, or the sense of hearing. auriferous adj. Containing gold. aurora n. A luminous phenomenon in the upper regions of the atmosphere. auspice n. favoring, protecting, or propitious influence or guidance. austere adj. Severely simple; unadorned. autarchy n. Unrestricted power. authentic adj. Of undisputed origin. authenticity n. The state or quality of being genuine, or of the origin and authorship claimed. autobiography n. The story of one's life written by himself. autocracy n. Absolute government. autocrat n. Any one who claims or wields unrestricted or undisputed authority or influence. automaton n. Any living being whose actions are or appear to be involuntary or mechanical. autonomous adj. Self-governing. autonomy n. Self-government. autopsy n. The examination of a dead body by dissection to ascertain the cause of death. autumnal adj. Of or pertaining to autumn. auxiliary n. One who or that which aids or helps, especially when regarded as subsidiary or accessory. avalanche n. The fall or sliding of a mass of snow or ice down a mountain-slope, often bearing with it rock. avarice n. ion for getting and keeping riches. aver v. To assert as a fact. averse adj. Reluctant. aversion n. A mental condition of fixed opposition to or dislike of some particular thing. avert v. To turn away or aside. aviary n. A spacious cage or enclosure in which live birds are kept. avidity n. Greediness. avocation n. Diversion. avow v. To declare openly. awaken v. To arouse, as emotion, interest, or the like. awry adv. & adj. Out of the proper form, direction, or position. aye adv. An expression of assent. azalea n. A flowering shrub. azure n. The color of the sky. Baconian adj. Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon or his system of philosophy. bacterium n. A microbe. badger v. To pester. baffle v. To foil or frustrate. bailiff n. An officer of court having custody of prisoners under arraignment. baize n. A single-colored napped woolen fabric used for table-covers, curtains, etc. bale n. A large package prepared for transportation or storage. baleful adj. Malignant. ballad n. Any popular narrative poem, often with epic subject and usually in lyric form. balsam n. A medical preparation, aromatic and oily, used for healing. banal adj. Commonplace. barcarole n. A boat-song of Venetian gondoliers. barograph n. An instrument that s graphically and continuously the atmospheric pressure. barometer n. An instrument for indicating the atmospheric pressure per unit of surface. barring prep. Apart from. baritone adj. Having a higher than bass and lower than tenor. bask v. To make warm by genial heat. bass adj. Low in tone or com. baste v. To cover with melted fat, gravy, while cooking. baton n. An official staff borne either as a weapon or as an emblem of authority or privilege. battalion n. A body of infantry composed of two or more companies, forming a part of a regiment. batten n. A narrow strip of wood. batter n. A thick liquid mixture of two or more materials beaten together, to be used in cookery. bauble n. A trinket. bawl v. To proclaim by outcry. beatify v. To make supremely happy. beatitude n. Any state of great happiness. beau n. An escort or lover. becalm v. To make quiet. beck v. To give a signal to, by nod or gesture. bedaub v. To smear over, as with something oily or sticky. bedeck v. To cover with ornament. bedlam n. Madhouse. befog v. To confuse. befriend v. To be a friend to, especially when in need. beget v. To produce by sexual generation. begrudge v. To envy one of the possession of. belate v. To delay past the proper hour. belay v. To make fast, as a rope, by winding round a cleat.

belie v. To misrepresent. believe v. To accept as true on the testimony or authority of others. belittle v. To disparage. belle n. A woman who is a center of attraction because of her beauty, accomplishments, etc. bellicose adj. Warlike. belligerent adj. Manifesting a warlike spirit. bemoan v. To lament benediction n. a solemn invocation of the divine blessing. benefactor n. A doer of kindly and charitable acts. benefice n. A church office endowed with funds or property for the maintenance of divine service. beneficent adj. Characterized by charity and kindness. beneficial adj. Helpful. beneficiary n. One who is lawfully entitled to the profits and proceeds of an estate or property. benefit n. Helpful result. benevolence n. Any act of kindness or well-doing. benevolent adj. Loving others and actively desirous of their well-being. benign adj. Good and kind of heart. benignant adj. Benevolent in feeling, character, or aspect. benignity n. Kindness of feeling, disposition, or manner. benison n. Blessing. bequeath v. To give by will. bereave v. To make desolate with loneliness and grief. berth n. A bunk or bed in a vessel, sleeping-car, etc. beseech v. To implore. beset v. To attack on all sides. besmear v. To smear over, as with any oily or sticky substance. bestial adj. Animal. bestrew v. To sprinkle or cover with things strewn. bestride v. To get or sit upon astride, as a horse. bethink v. To remind oneself. betide v. To happen to or befall. betimes adv. In good season or time. betroth v. To engage to marry. betrothal n. Engagement to marry. bevel n. Any inclination of two surfaces other than 90 degrees. bewilder v. To confuse the perceptions or judgment of. bibliomania n. The ion for collecting books. bibliography n. A list of the words of an author, or the literature bearing on a particular subject. bibliophile n. One who loves books. bibulous adj. Fond of drinking. bide v. To await. biennial n. A plant that produces leaves and roots the first year and flowers and fruit the second. bier n. A horizontal framework with two handles at each end for carrying a corpse to the grave. bigamist n. One who has two spouses at the same time. bigamy n. The crime of marrying any other person while having a legal spouse living. bight n. A slightly receding bay between headlands, formed by a long curve of a coast-line. bilateral adj. Two-sided. bilingual adj. Speaking two languages. biograph n. A bibliographical sketch or notice. biography n. A written of one's life, actions, and character. biology n. The science of life or living organisms. biped n. An animal having two feet. birthright n. A privilege or possession into which one is born. bitterness n. Acridity, as to the taste. blasé adj. Sated with pleasure. blaspheme v. To indulge in profane oaths. blatant adj. Noisily or offensively loud or clamorous. blaze n. A vivid glowing flame. blazon v. To make widely or generally known. bleak adj. Desolate. blemish n. A mark that mars beauty. blithe adj. Joyous. blithesome adj. Cheerful. blockade n. The shutting up of a town, a frontier, or a line of coast by hostile forces. boatswain n. A subordinate officer of a vessel, who has general charge of the rigging, anchors, etc. bodice n. A women's ornamental corset-shaped laced waist. bodily adj. Corporeal. boisterous adj. Unchecked merriment or animal spirits. bole n. The trunk or body of a tree. bolero n. A Spanish dance, illustrative of the ion of love, accompanied by caste nets and singing. boll n. A round pod or seed-capsule, as a flax or cotton. bolster v. To , as something wrong. bomb n. A hollow projectile containing an explosive material. bombard v. To assail with any missile or with abusive speech. bombardier n. A person who has charge of mortars, bombs, and shells. bombast n. Inflated or extravagant language, especially on unimportant subjects. boorish adj. Rude. bore v. To weary by tediousness or dullness. borough n. An incorporated village or town. bosom n. The breast or the upper front of the thorax of a human being, especially of a woman. botanical adj. Connected with the study or cultivation of plants. botanize v. To study plant-life.

botany n. The science that treats of plants. bountiful adj. Showing abundance. Bowdlerize v. To expurgate in editing (a literary composition) by omitting words or ages. bowler n. In cricket, the player who delivers the ball. boycott v. To place the products or merchandise of under a ban. brae n. Hillside. braggart n. A vain boaster. brandish v. To wave, shake, or flourish triumphantly or defiantly, as a sword or spear. bravado n. An aggressive display of boldness. bravo interj. Well done. bray n. A loud harsh sound, as the cry of an ass or the blast of a horn. braze v. To make of or ornament with brass. brazier n. An open pan or basin for holding live coals. breach n. The violation of official duty, lawful right, or a legal obligation. breaker n. One who trains horses, dogs, etc. breech n. The buttocks. brethren n. pl. of a brotherhood, gild, profession, association, or the like. brevity n. Shortness of duration. bric-a-brac n. Objects of curiosity or for decoration. bridle n. The head-harness of a horse consisting of a head-stall, a bit, and the reins. brigade n. A body of troops consisting of two or more regiments. brigadier n. General officer who commands a brigade, ranking between a colonel and a major-general. brigand n. One who lives by robbery and plunder. brimstone n. Sulfur. brine n. Water saturated with salt. bristle n. One of the coarse, stiff hairs of swine: used in brush-making, etc. Britannia n. The United Kingdom of Great Britain. Briticism n. A word, idiom, or phrase characteristic of Great Britain or the British. brittle adj. Fragile. broach v. To mention, for the first time. broadcast adj. Disseminated far and wide. brogan n. A coarse, heavy shoe. brogue n. Any dialectic pronunciation of English, especially that of the Irish people. brokerage n. The business of making sales and purchases for a commission; a broker. bromine n. A dark reddish-brown, non-metallic liquid element with a suffocating odor. bronchitis n. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. bronchus n. Either of the two subdivisions of the trachea conveying air into the lungs. brooch n. An article of jewelry fastened by a hinged pin and hook on the underside. brotherhood n. Spiritual or social fellowship or solidarity. browbeat v. To overwhelm, or attempt to do so, by stern, haughty, or rude address or manner. brusque adj. Somewhat rough or rude in manner or speech. buffoon n. A clown. buffoonery n. Low drollery, coarse jokes, etc. bulbous adj. Of, or pertaining to, or like a bulb. bullock n. An ox. bulrush n. Any one of various tall rush-like plants growing in damp ground or water. bulwark n. Anything that gives security or defense. bumper n. A cup or glass filled to the brim, especially one to be drunk as a toast or health. bumptious adj. Full of offensive and aggressive self-conceit. bungle v. To execute clumsily. buoyancy n. Power or tendency to float on or in a liquid or gas. buoyant adj. Having the power or tendency to float or keep afloat. bureau n. A chest of drawers for clothing, etc. bureaucracy n. Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business. burgess n. In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia. burgher n. An inhabitant, citizen or freeman of a borough burgh, or corporate town. burnish v. To make brilliant or shining. bursar n. A treasurer. bustle v. To hurry. butt v. To strike with or as with the head, or horns. butte n. A conspicuous hill, low mountain, or natural turret, generally isolated. buttress n. Any or prop. by-law n. A rule or law adopted by an association, a corporation, or the like. cabal n. A number of persons secretly united for effecting by intrigue some private purpose. cabalism n. Superstitious devotion to one's religion. cabinet n. The body of men constituting the official advisors of the executive head of a nation. cacophony n. A disagreeable, harsh, or discordant sound or combination of sounds or tones. cadaverous adj. Resembling a corpse. cadence n. Rhythmical or measured flow or movement, as in poetry or the time and pace of marching troops. cadenza n. An embellishment or flourish, prepared or improvised, for a solo voice or instrument. caitiff adj. Cowardly. cajole v. To impose on or dupe by flattering speech. cajolery n. Delusive speech. calculable adj. That may be estimated by reckoning. calculus n. A concretion formed in various parts of the body resembling a pebble in hardness. callosity n. The state of being hard and insensible. callow adj. Without experience of the world. calorie n. Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree centigrade. calumny n. Slander. Calvary n. The place where Christ was crucified.

Calvinism n. The system of doctrine taught by John Calvin. Calvinize v. To teach or imbue with the doctrines of Calvinism. came n. A leaden sash-bar or grooved strip for fastening panes in stained-glass windows. cameo n. Any small engraved or carved work in relief. campaign n. A complete series of connected military operations. Canaanite n. A member of one of the three tribes that dwelt in the land of Canaan, or western Palestine. canary adj. Of a bright but delicate yellow. candid adj. Straightforward. candor n. The quality of frankness or outspokenness. canine adj. Characteristic of a dog. canon n. Any rule or law. cant v. To talk in a singsong, preaching tone with affected solemnity. cantata n. A choral composition. canto n. One of the divisions of an extended poem. cantonment n. The part of the town or district in which the troops are quartered. capacious adj. Roomy. capillary n. A minute vessel having walls composed of a single layer of cells. capitulate v. To surrender or stipulate . caprice n. A whim. caption n. A heading, as of a chapter, section, document, etc. captious adj. Hypercritical. captivate v. To fascinate, as by excellence. eloquence, or beauty. carcass n. The dead body of an animal. cardiac adj. Pertaining to the heart. cardinal adj. Of prime or special importance. caret n. A sign (^) placed below a line, indicating where omitted words, etc., should be inserted. caricature n. a picture or description in which natural characteristics are exaggerated or distorted. carnage n. Massacre. carnal adj. Sensual. carnivorous adj. Eating or living on flesh. carouse v. To drink deeply and in boisterous or jovial manner. carrion n. Dead and putrefying flesh. cartilage n. An elastic animal tissue of firm consistence. cartridge n. A charge for a firearm, or for blasting. caste n. The division of society on artificial grounds. castigate v. To punish. casual adj. Accidental, by chance. casualty n. A fatal or serious accident or disaster. cataclysm n. Any overwhelming flood of water. cataract n. Opacity of the lens of the eye resulting in complete or partial blindness. catastrophe n. Any great and sudden misfortune or calamity. cathode n. The negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery. Catholicism n. The system, doctrine, and practice of the Roman Catholic Church. catholicity n. Universal prevalence or acceptance. cat-o-nine-tails n. An instrument consisting of nine pieces of cord, formerly used for flogging in the army and navy. caucus n. A private meeting of of a political party to select candidates. causal adj. Indicating or expressing a cause. caustic adj. Sarcastic and severe. cauterize v. To burn or sear as with a heated iron. cede v. To title to. censor n. An official examiner of manuscripts empowered to prohibit their publication. censorious adj. Judging severely or harshly. census n. An official numbering of the people of a country or district. centenary adj. Pertaining to a hundred years or a period of a hundred years. centiliter n. A hundredth of a liter. centimeter n. A length of one hundredth of a meter. centurion n. A captain of a company of one hundred infantry in the ancient Roman army. cereal adj. Pertaining to edible grain or farinaceous seeds. ceremonial adj. Characterized by outward form or ceremony. ceremonious adj. Observant of ritual. cessation n. Discontinuance, as of action or motion. cession n. Surrender, as of possessions or rights. chagrin n. Keen vexation, annoyance, or mortification, as at one's failures or errors. chameleon adj. Changeable in appearance. chancery n. A court of equity, as distinguished from a common-law court. chaos n. Any condition of which the elements or parts are in utter disorder and confusion. characteristic n. A distinctive feature. characterize v. To describe by distinctive marks or peculiarities. charlatan n. A quack. chasm n. A yawning hollow, as in the earth's surface. chasten v. To purify by affliction. chastise v. To subject to punitive measures. chastity n. Sexual or moral purity. chateau n. A castle or manor-house. chattel n. Any article of personal property. check v. To hold back. chiffon n. A very thin gauze used for trimmings, evening dress, etc. chivalry n. The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices. cholera n. An acute epidemic disease. choleric adj. Easily provoked to anger. choral adj. Pertaining to, intended for, or performed by a chorus or choir. Christ n. A title of Jesus

christen v. To name in baptism. Christendom n. That part of the world where Christianity is generally professed. chromatic adj. Belonging, relating to, or abounding in color. 1. Effigy: An image of a person 2. Atrocities: A very cruel or terrible actions 3. Heck: Polite form of hell 4. Envoy: A person who is sent by one Govt; to represent it in dealing with other government 5. Prod/prodding: To push someone or something with your finger 6. Escalate: To become worse/ to make something worse 7. Liaise/liaison: To make it possible for two organization or groups to work together and provide information to each other 8. Nefarious: Evil or immoral 9. Fabricate: To make up (something such as story) in order to trick peoples 10. Insinuation: Usually bed or insulting that is said in indirect way 11. Reiterate: To repeat something you have already said in order to emphasize it 12. Sit in: Dharna (urdu) 13. Swearing in: to induct into the office by istration of oath. 14. Economic sanctions: Iqtasadi pabandiyan (Urdu)] 15. Hole up: To hide out 16. Impeding: To slow the movement/progress 17. Nostalgia: Pleasures and sadness that is caused by ing something from past and wish that you could experience it again 18. Restrain: To prevent (a person) from doing something. 19. Turmoil: A state of confusion or disorder 20. Optimism: A feeling that good thing will happen in the future 21. Narrative: A story that is told or written 22. Hegemony: Influence/control over another country , a group of people 23. Cordon off: A line person/ object to keep peoples away 24. Patronizing: To give money/ 25. t venture; To start to do something new or different that involve risk 26. Resurgence: A growth or increase that occurs after period without growth 27. Stun: To surprise or upset very much 28. Urge: To ask people to do or in a way that shows that you believe it is very important 29. Anguish: Extreme suffering, grief, pain 30. Sabotage: That act of destroying or damaging something deliberately so that it does not work correctly 31. Dire need: Urgent need of 32. Acrimonious: Angry and bitter relation 33. Barricade: To block something so that people or things cannot enter or leave 34. Acquittal: the act of deciding that a person is not guilty of a crime : the act of acquitting someone 35. Punitive action: Punishment 36. Incumbent: A person who hold particular office or position 37. Relinquishes: to give up (something) : to give(something, such as power, control, or possession) to another person or group 38. Diatribe: an angry and usually long speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something 39. Impeachment: to charge (a public official) with a crime done while in office; to cause doubts about the truthfulness of (a witness, testimony, etc.) 40. Alleged: accused of having done something wrong or illegal but not yet proven guilty 41. Arbitration: a process of settling an argument or disagreement in which thepeople or groups on both sides present theiropinions and ideas to a third person or group,, example,, 42. Dowry: money or property that wife or wife family gives to her husband during to the marriage. 43. Carnage: Killing of many peoples 44. Ransom: Money that is paid in order to free someone who has captured or kidnaped. 45. Vendetta: a very long and violent fight between two families or groups; a series of acts done by someoneover a long period of time to causeharm to a disliked person or group 46. Mob: A very large group or crowd of peoples who are angry or violent or difficult to control. 47. Ruling: official decision made by judge or referee 48. Lynch : to kill (someone) illegally as a punishment of crime 49. De Facto: in reality : actually 50. Appeasement: To make someone less angry or happy by giving something desired 51. Rhetoric: The act or skill of speaking or writing formally effective as a people way to persuade or influence. 52. Rapport: A friendly relationship.53. Albeit: Even though.54. Xenophobia: Fear or Hatred of stranger or foreigner.55. Nativism: Policy of favoring native over foreigner/immigrant.56. Authoritarian: Not allowing personal freedom.57. Pervades: To spread through all parts of something.58. Bourgeoisie: Middle class society.59. Plebiscite: A vote people to show their interest in a proposal. 60. Redux: Brought back, Returning.61. Retaliation: To get revenge against someone.62. Relentless: Reaming strict or determined 63. Infuriate: To make someone angry, furious.64. Ramification; Something that is result of action 65. Abducted; To someone away from place by force.66. Emboldened: To make someone one more confident 67. Fanatics: Extremist.68. Behest: Command, authoritarian order urgent prompting.69. Ominous: Suggesting that something bad will happen in the future.70. Brazen: Acting or done in open way.Knell: To ring specially for death or funeral.72. Bromance: A close non-sexual relationship between man.73. Buttressed: A structure build against the wall to or strengthen it.74. Imperialist: A policy or practice by which a country increase its power by gaining control over other areas of the world.75. Implosion: Bringing into the center.76. Hegemon/Hegemony: Influence or control over another country/group of people.77. Vengefully: Feeling or showing desire to harm someone who has harmed you 78. Cardinal: Basic.79. Retreat: Movement of solider away from enemy.80. Realm: An area of activity.81. Erstwhile: In the past 82. Augment: To increase the size or amount.83. Wed: To bring or together.84. Fledgling: Young bird just able to fly 85. Impending: To be about to occur, to hover threateningly .86. Catastrophe: A terrible disaster.87. Menace: Danger, possible harmful situation.88. Inflation: Continuous increase in the price of goods and services/ filled and made larger.89. Commodity: Something that is brought or sold, something that is useful or valued.90. Thwarted: To prevent someone from doing something.91. Pursue: To follow 92. Debacle: Complete failure or great disorder..93. Prodding: to push someone/something with finger 94. Broker: A person who help other people to reach an agreement 95. Amicable: To show friendly or polite desire

96. Meteoric: Sudden or fast/ marked by quick success 97. Vying/Vie: To compete with other in attempt to win or get something. 98. Bigot: A person who strongly and unfairly dislikes other people or idea 99. Envision: To picture something in mind for future 100. Sway : A contributing force or influence. 101. Spurred: Something that makes you want to do something or that causes something to happen. 102. Inculcated: To cause (something) to be learned by (someone) by repeating it again and again. 103. Estranged: No longer friendly/ no longer involved or connected with another person/something 104. Resentment: Feeling of anger or displeasure about someone/something 105. Dispensation: An act of providing something to the peoples, release from law or rules 106. Imperative: Very important 107. Indispensable: Extremely important and necessary 108. Milieu: he physical or social setting in which people live or in which something happens. 109. Sine qua non: Something that is absolutely necessary 110. Vagueness: Not clear in meaning 111. Envisaged: To picture a plan 112. Despondency: A state of very sad and without hope 113. Belligerent: Angry or aggressive/ fighting a war 114. Resurgent: Popular, active 115. Vehemently: Showing strong often angry feeling, very 116. Ragtag: Made up of different peoples are thing and not organized 117. Dethrone: To take someone away from the power or authority of king or queen 118. Inaction: Failure to do something that should be done, lack of activity 119. Bandwagon: A popular party or activity, effort, cause etc. that attract growing . 120. Archenemy: Someone main enemy 121. Impede: To slow the movement and progress action of something 122. Orchestra: To organize or plan.123. Saddle: Seat on horse or bicycle.124. Perturbed: To cause (someone) to be warned or upset 125. Reincarnation: The idea or believe that people are born again with a different body after death 126. Resurrection: the event told about in Bible In which dead people will be brought back to life before the day of final judgment. 127. Topsy-turvy: Disorder or confusion.128. Arduous: very difficult.129. Relishing: Enjoyment, feeling of likeness 130. Haywire: Not working properly, emotionally or mentally upset.131. Conundrum: A confusing or difficult problem 132. Prudent: Having or showing careful good judgment, judicious, discreet.133. Brouhaha: A great excitement or concern about something 134. Aftermath: The period of time after a bad and usually destructive event.135. Holocaust: Killing of millions of Jews and other peoples by Nazis in the world war II.136. Vows: Serous promise.137. Outcry: A reaction showing that people are angry or unhappy about something. 138. Mayhem: Action that hurt peoples and destroyed thing.139. Plunged: To fall suddenly or jump suddenly from high place 140. Agony: Extreme mental or physical pain.141. Maneuvers: A clever or skilful action or movement….. Military activities that are for training. 142. Absurdity: Completely foolish, silly or un-reasonable.143. Pragmatic; Dealing with problem that exist in a specific situation in reasonable and logical way.144. Re-demarcated: To show the limit or edge of something.145. Verdict: The decision made by jury during the trial.146. Summon: To appear (someone) to appear in a court of law147. Perished: To die or be killed; to disappear or destroyed. 148. Lambastes: to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 149. Coax: get somebody to do something by kindness 150. Coherent: sticking together