Project Report On Image Steganography By Parveen 403a2e

PROJECT REPORT ON “SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION TOOL” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for summer training project. Submitted by: PARVEEN KRISHNANTREY Roll No. 06913102712, AMIT KHANDOOJA Roll No. 07713102712 SAJAL SAXENA Roll No. 05913102712

Submitted to: Mr. Ravi Arora Assistant Professor, CSE Department H. M. R. I. T. M., Delhi

H. M. R. Institute of Technology and Management D TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY Sector - 16C Dwarka, Delhi - 110075, India

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With due respect, We express our deep sense of gratitude to our respected and learned guide and mentor Mr. Dayanand for their co-operation and guidance. We acknowledge their invaluable help and suggestions in implementing the project. We are thankful to them for sparing their valuable time and encouraging us at every stage. We are also grateful to faculty of the Computer Science Department, HMRITM for their ready .

DECLARATION We hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the project report entitled, “SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION TOOL” submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Computer Science) is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the guidance of Mr. Dayanand and the matter embodied in the report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma.

(PARVEEN KRISHNANTREY) (AMIT KHANDOOJA) (SAJAL SAXENA)

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this minor project entitled as “SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION TOOL” has been completed by PARVEEN

KRISHNANTREY

KHANDOOJA

(07713102712)

(06913102712), and

SAJAL

AMIT SAXENA

(05913102712), during seventh semester of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science from H. M. R. I. T. M., Delhi. The matter embodied in this project has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Mr. RAVI ARORA

ABSTRACT Secured Data Transmission through Network handles hiding a secret message with in an image in such a way that others cannot discern the presence or contents of the hidden message. A message might be hidden with in an image by changing Least Significant Bit to be the message bits. Then the image can be transmitted through Network. LSB based Stenography is perhaps the most simple and straight forward approach. In this project we embed the message in to the least significant bit planes of the image. Since this will only affect each pixel by +/- 1, if at all, it is generally assumed with good reason that degradation caused by this embedding process would perceptually transparent.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Title …………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgement ……………………………………………….…… Declaration ……………………………………………………..…….. Certificate…………………………………………………………..…. Abstract ……………………………………………………………….. 1. Introduction................................................................................ 1.1. Objective 1.2. Details 2. Prerequisites…………………………………………….. 2.1. Hardware and Software Requirements 2.2. Technologies to be used 3. Techniques used…………………………………………….. 4. Modules 5. System Design....................................................................... DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 6. Source Code................................................................................ 7. Snapshots……………………………………………………… 8. Conclusion…………………………………………………….. 9. Bibliography………………………………………………......

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 OBJECTIVE The project has the following objectives: 1. To create a tool that can be used to hide data inside a 24 bit color image. 2. The tool should be easy to use, and should use a graphical interface. 3. The tool should work cross-platform. 4. The tool should effectively hide a message using an image degradation approach, and should be able to retrieve this message afterwards. 5. The tool should take into the original content, to theoretically more effectively hide the message. 6. The tool should be able to provide some information as to the effectiveness of the hiding i.e. it should be able to evaluate the degradation of an image. The analysis used will consist of existing watermarking measures, re- implemented for this tool. 7. The tool should be able to encrypt the message before embedding it.

1.2 DETAILS Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message; this is in contrast to cryptography, where the existence of the message itself is not disguised, but the content is obscured. The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that messages do not attract attention to themselves, to messengers, or to recipients. Steganographic messages are often first encrypted by some traditional means, and then a covertext is modified in some way to contain the encrypted message, resulting in stegotext. For example, the letter size, spacing, typeface, or other characteristics of a covertext can be manipulated to carry the hidden message; only the recipient (who must know the technique used) can recover the message and then

decrypt it. Steganography uses in electronic communication include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as an MP3 file, or a protocol, such as UDP. The project ‘Steganography’ provides means for secure data transmission and secure data storage network. Hereby, important files carrying confidential information can be stored in the server in an encrypted form. Access to these files is limited to certain authorized people only. Transmission also takes place in an encrypted form so that no intruder can get any useful information from the original file during transit. Further, before trying to access important files, the has to to the system using a valid name and , which is allotted to him by the system . Encryption is the process of encoding a message in such a way as to hide its contents. Modern Cryptography includes several secure algorithms for encrypting and decrypting messages. They are all based on the use of secrets called keys. A cryptographic key is a parameter used in an encryption algorithm in such a way that the encryption cannot be reversed without the knowledge of the key. The larger the cover message is (in data content — number of bits) relative to the hidden message, the easier it is to hide the latter. For this reason, digital pictures (which contain large amounts of data) are used to hide messages on the Internet and on other communication media. It is not clear how commonly this is actually done. For example: a 24-bit bitmap will have 8 bits representing each of the three color values (red, green, and blue) at each pixel. If we consider just the blue there will be 28 different values of blue. The difference between say 11111111 and 11111110 in the value for blue intensity is likely to be undetectable by the human eye. Therefore, the least significant bit can be used (more or less undetectably) for something else other than color information. If we do it with the green and the red as well we can get one letter of ASCII text for every three pixels. Stated somewhat more formally, the objective for making steganographic encoding difficult to detect is to ensure that the changes to the carrier (the original signal) due to the inject the payload (the signal to covertly embed) are visually (and ideally, statistically) negligible; that is to say, the changes are indistinguishable from the noise floor of the carrier.

STEGANOGRAPHY Carrier File

- A file which has hidden information inside of it. Steganalysis

- The process of detecting hidden information inside of a file. Stego-Medium – The medium in which the information is hidden. Redundant Bits – Pieces of information inside a file which can be overwritten or altered with Payload

out

damaging

the

file.

- The information which is the be

concealed. PROCESS DESCRIPTION The following formula provides a very generic description of the pieces of the steganographic process: covermedium + hiddendata + stegokey = stegomedium In this context, the covermedium is the file in which we will hide the hiddendata, which may also be encrypted using the stegokey. The resultant file is the stegomedium (which will, of course. Be the same type of file as the covermedium). The covermedium (and, thus, the stegomedium) are typically image or audio files. STEGANOGRAPHY MERITS SUCCESS SO FAR Up until now, this has proven to be a successful steganographic technique for use in distributing spam and getting around my spam filtering software. At this point in time, spam filtering software is incapable of detecting the hidden content and categorizing the message as spam on the basis of that content. This success will probably be short lived, however STEGANOGRAPHY VERSUS CRYPTOGRAPHY

As mentioned above, cryptography is often used in situations where the existence of the message is clear, but the meaning of the message is obscured. In particular, the sender transforms the message into a form that (hopefully) only the intended recipient of the message can decrypt and read.Steganography is often used in situations where the actual existence of the message needs to be obscured. STEGANOGRAPHY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY CAN BE COMBINED The message can also be encrypted before it is hidden inside a cover message. This provides a double layer of protection. To begin with, encryption may make the existence of the message even more difficult to detect, due to the fact that some encryption techniques cause the patterns of the characters in the encrypted version to be more random than in the original version. In addition, even if the existence of the encrypted message is detected, it is unlikely that an eavesdropper will be able to read the message. HIDING THE MESSAGE 1. This program hides the message in the image by doing the following: 2. Reducing the message to the 64-character set beginning with the space character in the ASCII table. Each character can then be represented by six bits. 3. Decomposing each six-bit character into three groups of two bits each. 4.

Replacing the two least-significant bits (LSB) in the red, green, and

blue values for a given pixel by the three groups of two bits. Thus, each pixel can carry one six-bit character

2. PREREQUISITES 2.1 Hardware and software Requirements Hardware Requirements 

Processor

Pentium4



Ram

512 MB



Hard disk drive



Cache memory

256 KB



Monitor

VGA with 1024x768



Keyboard

104 keys



Mouse

40 GB

Scroll mouse

Software Requirements 

Operating system



Front-end

: Windows : JDK ( VS2012 )



Tools

:



Software platform



Programming

:

language

Eclipse

Microsoft :

J2SE

Windows

2.2 Technologies to be used Brief Introduction about Java:

Java is a programming language and a platform. Java is a high level, robust, secured and object-oriented programming language. According to Sun, 3 billion devices run java. There are many devices where java is currently used. Some of them are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus etc. Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com etc. Enterprise Applications such as banking applications. Mobile Embedded System Smart Card Robotics Games etc.

There are mainly 4 type of applications that can be created using java programming: 1) Standalone Application It is also known as desktop application or window-based application. An application that we need to install on every machine such as media player, antivirus etc. AWT and Swing are used in java for creating standalone applications. 2) Web Application An application that runs on the server side and creates dynamic page, is called web application. Currently, servlet, jsp, struts, jsf etc. technologies are used for creating web applications in java.

3) Enterprise Application An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications etc. It has the advantage of high level security, load balancing and clustering. In java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications. 4) Mobile Application An application that is created for mobile devices. Currently Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications. History Java history is interesting to know. The history of java starts from Green Team. Java team (also known as Green Team), initiated a revolutionary task to develop a language for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions etc. For the green team , it was an advance concept at that time. But, it was suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology as incorporated by Netscape. Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business solutions etc. There are given the major points that describes the history of java. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team. Originally designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top boxes. Firstly, it was called “Greentalk” by James Gosling and file extension was .gt. After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project. Notice that Java is just a name not an acronym. Originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995. In 1995, Time magazine called Java one of the Ten Best Products of 1995. JDK 1.0 released in(January 23, 1996). Key features There is given many features of java. They are also known as java buzzwords. The Java Features given below are simple and easy to understand. Simple According to Sun, Java language is simple because: syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to learn it after C++).

Removed many confusing and/or rarely-used features e.g., explicit pointers, operator overloading etc. No need to remove unreferenced objects because there is Automatic Garbage Collection in java. Object-oriented Object-oriented means we organize our software as a combination of different types of objects that incorporates both data and behaviour. Object-oriented programming(OOPs) is a methodology that simplify software development and maintenance by providing some rules. Basic concepts of OOPs are: 1. Object 2. Class 3. Inheritance 4. Polymorphism 5. Abstraction 6. Encapsulation Platform Independent A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based. Java provides software-based platform. The Java platform differs from most other platforms in the sense that it’s a software-based platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms.It has two components: 1. Runtime Environment 2. API(Application Programming Interface) Java code can be run on multiple platforms e.g.Windows,Linux,Sun Solaris,Mac/OS etc. Java code is compiled by the compiler and converted into bytecode.This bytecode is a platform independent code because it can be run on multiple platforms i.e. Write Once and Run Anywhere(WORA). Secured Java is secured because:  No explicit pointer  Programs run inside virtual machine sandbox.  Classloader- adds security by separating the package for the classes of the local file system from those that are imported from network sources.  Bytecode Verifier- checks the code fragments for illegal code that can violate access right to objects.  Security Manager- determines what resources a class can access such as reading and writing to the local disk.

These security are provided by java language. Some security can also be provided by application developer through SSL,JAAS,cryptography etc. Robust Robust simply means strong. Java uses strong memory management. There is lack of pointers that avoids security problem. There is automatic garbage collection in java. There is exception handling and type checking mechanism in java. All these points make java robust. Architecture-neutral There is no implementation dependent features e.g. size of primitive types is set. Portable We may carry the java bytecode to any platform. High-performance Java is faster than traditional interpretation since byte code is “close” to native code still somewhat slower than a compiled language (e.g., C++) Distributed We can create distributed applications in java. RMI and EJB are used for creating distributed applications. We may access files by calling the methods from any machine on the internet. Multi-threaded A thread is like a separate program, executing concurrently. We can write Java programs that deal with many tasks at once by defining multiple threads. The main advantage of multi-threading is that it shares the same memory. Threads are important for multi-media, Web applications etc.

3. TECHNIQUES USED TECHNIQUE USED Steganographic Techniques used is oncealing data within encrypted data. The data to be concealed is first encrypted before being used to overwrite part of a much larger block of encrypted data. This technique works most effectively where the decrypted version of data being overwritten has no special meaning or use. Each pixel typically has three numbers associated with it, one each for red, green, and blue intensities, and these values often range from 0-255. Each number is stored as eight bits (zeros and ones), with a one worth 128 in the most significant bit (on the left), then 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and a one in the least significant bit (on the right) worth just 1. HOW STEGANOGRAPHY WORKS Steganography strips less important information from digital content and injects hidden data in its place. This is done over the spectrum of the entire image. Here's one way it could be implemented: The following sequence of 24 bits represents a single pixel in an image. Its 3 bytes of color information provide a total of 256 different values for each color (red, green and blue) and thus can represent a total of 16.7 million colors. This particular value displays as a dark green:

Byte 1 - Red 00000000

Bytc2-Green 01100100

Byte 3 - Blue 00000000

Now, let's take 11 of these pixels that represent, say, part of a solid-color background. In the following sequence, the least significant (rightmost) bit of each 8-

bit byte has been co-opted to hide a text message—the four characters Aha!—in ASCII binary:

Table 5.2 Bitwise representation of text message

The hidden message occupies 32 of those 264 bits (about 12%) and contains four 8-bit bytes. In the diagram, each maroon or gold box represents a bit that had to be changed to include the hidden message. Notice that only 15 of 264 bits (less than 6%)

Here are the bits behind those 11 pixels:

Table 5.3 Message hidden in pixel positions

Fig 5.1 insertion

LSB

had to be changed and only eight of the 11 pixels were altered. The two figures below represent the 11 colored pixels we've been manipulating. The figure on the left is the original, unaltered version. The one on the right has been modified. ALGORITHM USED The DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm is the most widely used encryption algorithm in the world. For many years, and among many people, "secret code making" and DES have been synonymous. DES works on bits, or binary numbers--the 0s and 1s common to digital computers. Each group of four bits makes up a hexadecimal, or base 16, number. DES works by encrypting groups of 64 message bits, which is the same as 16 hexadecimal numbers. To do the encryption, DES uses "keys" where are also apparently 16 hexadecimal numbers long, or apparently 64 bits long. However, every 8th key bit is ignored in the DES algorithm, so that the effective key size is 56 bits. But, in any case, 64 bits (16 hexadecimal digits) is the round number upon which DES is organized.

4. MODULES The project consists of mainly four modules encryption, hide message, retrieve message and decryption. Encryption and hide message form the modules at the sender side. retrieve message and decryption form the modules at the receiver side SENDER SIDE Encryption Encryption includes a message or a file encrypting. Encryption involves converting the message to be hidden into a cipher text. Encryption can be done by ing a secret key.Secret key can be used for encryption of the message to be hidden.It provides security by converting it into a cipher text,which will be difficult for hackers to decrypt. Moreover if the message is protected,then while retrieving message,the retriever has to enter the correct for viewing the message. Hide Message Hiding message is the most important module of steganography.It involves embedding the message into the cover text. Each pixel typically has three numbers associated with it, one each for red, green, and blue intensities, and these values often range from 0-255.In order to hide the message,data is first converted into byte format and stored in a byte array.The message is then encrypted and then embed each bits into the LSB position of each pixel position. The least significant (rightmost) bit of each 8-bit byte has been co-opted to hide a text message. RECEIVER Retrieve Message

SIDE

It involves retrieving the embed message from the file independent of the file format. Once the message has been retrieved it has to be converted into original message or file.

This can be done by reading the embedded data from the master file. The read data will be in the bytes format. This message has to be converted into the suitable output file format. Decryption Decryption includes a message or a file decrypting. Decryption involves converting the cipher text into decrypted format. Decryption can be done by ing a secret key. Secret key can be used for decryption of the message that is hidden. It provides security by converting the cipher text, into the original data message or file. Moreover if the message is protected, then while retrieving message, the retriever has to enter the correct for viewing the message.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Sender side

----------------------1

Secured data Receiver side

Sending

Receiving

Fig 5.1 Level 0: DFD

Fig 5.2 Level 1:Embedding information in a file

Fig 5.3 Level 2 : Retrival