Solar Induction Cooker.pdf d203o

3rd International Conference on Electronics, Biomedical Engineering and its Applications (ICEBEA'2013) April 29-30, 2013 Singapore

Solar Based Induction Cook Top Anuge Sarine Francis#, Bhavana Ffion, Faseen.K., and Hema Mohan

Abstract--- One of the most threatening problems that we are to witness in future is the scarcity of cooking gas. An alternate method is to reckon upon electricity for the purpose. But the extensive upsurge in the price of electricity and the lack of availability of large amount of electricity forces us to think about yet another alternative. So we come up with a project which is all about replacing conventional sources of energy which are gradually being extinct with renewable energy sources munificent in nature. This paper explains how we can adapt this to our cooking system, i.e., using solar energy to cook faster, easier and cheaper compared to other cooking systems. Fig 1.Block Diagram Keywords - Induction cook top, solar, renewable energy, solar based system, induction, sustainable energy.

A. Solar Solar is a compiled and connected assembly of photovoltaic cells that transmutes solar energy into electrical energy [1]. It can be used as a constituent of a bigger photovoltaic system to create and distribute electricity in mercantile and residential applications. Each is rated in accordance with its DC output power under standard conditions, and typical specification ranges from 100 to 320 watts. We espouse a collection of 200 watt s to form 1000 watts. The conjectured efficiency of these s are 80% and thus we could postulate that a figure of 800 watts may be collected from this section. A photovoltaic system conventionally comprehends an array of solar s, an inverter, and an optional battery.

I. INTRODUCTION

D

URING this fast life era we all depend on the latest and cheapest technology that would make our life more befitting, comfortable and dynamic. So we choose a project which could improvise the extant technology with some ancillary addendums. That is implementing an induction cook top that could completely reckon on solar energy. Solar energy has always been vital for mankind. With augment in anxiety in conventional energy sources, renewable sources such as solar energy are gaining enormous significance. One ilk of solar energy is the photovoltaic (PV) technology that transmutes solar energy to electric energy by the virtue of solar cells. The photovoltaic energy is either implemented as a stand-alone energy source or allied to the grid as distributed energy generation. Thus we can say that in near future almost all of our energy consumption will be based on sunlight that is nothing but solar energy .

B. Battery A storage battery is an ilk of electrical battery. It is a genre of energy accumulators comprising of more than one electrochemical cells[2]. It is known as a secondary cell since its electrochemical reactions are electrically rescindable. Rechargeable batteries are used by grid energy storage applications for load-levelling, where they accumulate electric energy. For sustainable energy uses, the energy stored during day time can be used during peak load hours at night. Load-levelling mitigates the eradication of the desideratum for expensive culminating power plants and aids in amortizing the cost. We use a couple of batteries, each of 12V and 150Ah capacity forming 24V and 300Ah capacity. This generates 4 hours of output approximately at night without charging.

II. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM The whole system is completely lucid and easy to install. The basic block diagram of a solar based induction cook top shown in thsi figure. Here are the different block such as solar , battery , inverter and control circuit and induction cooktop in the diagram explained in details. Let us see each block in detail.

C. Inverter A power inverter is a converter which transmutes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The converted output can be made to any voltage and frequency according to the applications and desiderata.

Anuge Sarine Francis#, Bhavana Ffion, Faseen.K., and Hema Mohan are with Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Federal Institute of Science and Technology. Angamaly , Kerala ,India. # Corresponding author: Anuge Sarine Francis anugefrancis. email: [email protected]

185

3rd International Conference on Electronics, Biomedical Engineering and its Applications (ICEBEA'2013) April 29-30, 2013 Singapore

We use a 1.5kVA inverter with standard output specifications of 230V, 50Hz to suit our requirements.

avoid overheating and detonation of batteries due to any upsurge in current flow.

D. Control Circuit In the system there must be a scheme to detect when a cell reaches full charge (change in terminal voltage, temperature, etc.) and to stop charging before harmful overcharging or overheating occurs[3]. We can incorporate cooling fans if needed to keep the cells from heating. Here we use a control circuit with voltage level sensors to obviate a detonation. The photograph of the control circuit is shown in figure 2.

E. Induction cook top Induction cooking makes use of induction heating to heat a metal cooking vessel directly, rather than transferring heat from a flame as with an accustomed cooking stove. For almost all models of induction cook top, the cooking pot must be manufactured using a ferromagnetic metal, or an interface disk should be used to enable non-induction cookware to be used instead of ferromagnetic cookwares. In an induction cooktop, a copper coil is placed underneath the cooking pot. An alternating electric current flows through the coil, which produces an oscillating magnetic field[5]. This field induces an electric current in the pot. Current flowing in the metal pot produces resistive heating which heats the food. While the current is large, it is produced by a low voltage. An induction cooker is faster and more energy-efficient than the traditional methods of cooking. III. STUDY The contemporary energy sources for cooking are LPG(Liquid Petroleum Gas) and electricity. Cooking gas is on a verge of paucity in the country and reckoning on it for cooking in future will be quixotic. A number of electric cooking stoves and induction cook tops are already in use for small and quick cooking[6]. But espousing it as a source for unabridged cooking chores in a house will pave the way for very high consumption of electrical energy and thereby elevate monthly energy charges or electricity bill[7]. So as a wise alternative, we can adopt solar energy to generate adequate electricity for an induction cook top to work so as to carry out a whole day’s cooking. So in future it will save a lot of energy. The table which shows the energy consumption and the price hike in the near past is shown.

Fig 2. Control Circuit

1)

Microcontroller and Buzzer: Microcontrollers are designed for small devoted applications. PIC is initially gleaned from PIC1640 developed by General Instruments Microelectronic Division. It became a family of Harvard Achitecture by Microchip technologies. The name PIC is the abbreviation for “Programmable Interface Controller”. We use a 40 pin PIC, 18F4550 to control all the processes such as charging, monitoring etc. A buzzer is a mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric signaling device which alerts through an audio signal. Here we use the same to beep when the battery charge comes under a threshold.

TABLE I PRICE HIKE IN COOKING GAS AND ELECTRICITY

2) Voltage sensing and Current sensing Unit: We are using voltage divider setup to measure the battery voltage and a shunt resistor and operational amplifier setup for measuring the current driven from solar energy. 3) Graphical Lcd and Switching circuit: The Graphical LCDs are capable of displaying customized images and characters[4]. The Graphical LCDs can be used in a number of applications such as in mobile phones, video games etc. The GLCD in our circuit has a display format of 128x64 dots and has yellow-green colour backlight. It is divided equally into two halves controlled each controllers and consists of 8 pages. Each page comprises of 8 rows and 64 columns. The switching circuit is employed using metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs) to

Table I shows the price upsurge in cooking gas and electricity from the year 2002 to 2012. During these 10 years, the price of these commodities has increased beyond a linear rate making it streneous for common people to reckon upon these sources. The price hike has been elevated during the past 4 years and signs show us that it will increase in a bigger rate in near future. 186

3rd International Conference on Electronics, Biomedical Engineering and its Applications (ICEBEA'2013) April 29-30, 2013 Singapore

In this paper, we implement a solar based system and find out the feasibility of the idea and the monetary profits of using it rather than using electric supply for cooking, as cooking gas is almost unavailable. From calculations it is estimated that by using solar based induction cook top for complete cooking in a house, one can reap back the whole installation expenses in nearly 5 years and every year after that, he save an amount of Rs. 12000.

cooking purpose. This is what we think makes this project important and acceptable. IV. CONCLUSION The topic selected in the renewable energy resources area is relevant and productive to match the current scenario of REFERENCES [1]

[2] [3]

[4]

[5]

Fig. 1 Bar graph showing the expense per month for cooking using gas, electricity and Solar based induction cooktop [6]

The bar graph shown above explains the desideratum for such a paper in current scenario. The expense of cooking+electricity using cooking gas is nearly Rs. 1250 per month and that using only electricity is nearly Rs. 1550 per month[8]. By espousing our Solar Based Induction Cook Top, we need to spend only the initial installation cost of around Rs.60000. After that for years we need not spend a penny for

[7]

[8]

187

A.Zahedi, "Energy, People, Environment, Development of an integrated renewable energy and energy storage system, an uninterruptible power supply for people and for better environment," The International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1994. 'Humans, Information and Technology', Vol. 3 pp. 2692-2695, 1994. Ahmad Yafaoui, Bin Wu and Richard Cheung, Photovoltaic energy Systems-An Overview, IEEE Canadian Review-Spring/Printemps 2009. Cousins PJ,Smith DD, Luan HC, Manning J, Dennis TD, Waldhauer A, Wilson KE, Harley G and Mulligan GP, Gen III:Improved performance at lower cost, 35th IEEE PVSC, Honolulu, HI, June 2010. James P.Dunlop, Batteries and Charge Control in StandalonePhotovoltaic Systems:Fundamentals and Applications, 15th Jan 1997. E. Karatepe, T. Boztepe, and M. Colak, "Power Controller Design for Photovoltaic Generation System under Partially Shaded Insolation Conditions", The International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems, pp. 1-6, 2007. B. Hall "Paralleling MOSFETs Successfully", Electronic Products Magazine, 1985 A.M. Sharaf and A.R.N.M. Reaz Ul Haque, "A stand alone photovoltaic (ac) scheme for village electricity," 31st Photovoltaic Specialists Conference and Exhibition, January 3-7, 2005, Florida (Accepted) A.I. Martinez and H. Calleja, "A simple, high-quality output PV system aimed at peak demand reduction," in Conference Publication of the VII IEEE international Power Electronics Congress, CIEP 2000, 15-19 Oct. 2000, pp.301-306.