Truss Ppt 172q2j
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T Y P E S
WHAT ARE TRUSSES ? •
IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING, A TRUSS IS A STRUCTURE WHICH COMPRISES OF ONE OR MORE TRIANGULAR UNITS MADE BY STRAIGHT ENDS ED AT POINTS CALLED NODES. EXTERNAL FORCES AND REACTIONS ONLY ACT AT NODES AND THE RESULT IN THE OF THE TRUSS WHICH ARE EITHER TENSION OR COMPRESSION.
O F T R U S S E S
QUEEN POST TRUSS
HOWE TRUSS NAMITA GUPTA HARSHIT SINGHAL HARSHI GARG
T Y P E • A TRUSS IS ESSENTIALLY A TRIANGULATED SYSTEM OF STRAIGHT INTERCONNECTED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. S
ROOF TRUSSES
•
O F T R U S S E S
THE MOST COMMON USE OF TRUSSES, WHERE TO ROOFS, THE FLOORS AND THE INTERNAL LOADING SUCH AS SERVICES AND SUSPENDED CEILINGS ARE READILY PROVIDED. • THE MAIN REASON FOR USING TRUSSES ARE: 1. LONG SPAN 2. LIGHTWEIGHT 3. CONTROLLED DEFLECTION 4. OPPURTUNITY TO CONSIDERABLE LOADS
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
DIFFERENT USES OF TRUSSES
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
FLAT TRUSS
T Y • A TRUSS WHICH HAS THE TOP CHORD PARALLEL TO THE BOTTOM CHORD P OVER THE WHOLE LENGTH OF THE TRUSS. E • THE MOST ECONOMICAL FLAT TRUSS FOR A ROOF IS PROVIDED WHEN THE DEPTH OF THE TRUSS IN INCHES IS EQUAL TO THE 7% OF THE SPAN S OF THE INCHES.
O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
TYPES OF FLAT TRUSS • • •
HOWE TRUSS PRATT TRUSS WARREN TRUSS
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
NATIONAL COMPOSITES CENTRE, BRISTOL •
WARREN TRUSS : ALSO CALLED AS EQUILATERAL TRUSS.
T Y P E S
NATIONAL COMPOSITES CENTRE, BRISTOL
O F T R U S S E S
•IN THIS TYPE OF TRUSS, DIAGONAL ARE ALTERNATIVELY IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION •THE WARREN TRUSS HAS EQUAL LENGTH COMPRESSION AND TENSION WEB , AND FEWER THAN A PRATT TRUSS. •FOR LARGER SPANS, THE MODIFIED WARREN TRUSS MAY BE ADOPTED WHERE ADDITIONAL RESTRAINT TTO THE INTERNAL IS REQUIRED ( THIS ALSO INCLUDES SECONDARY STRESS.
T Y P E S
UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER PRATT TRUSS : •PRATT TRUSS ARE USUALLY LONG SPAN BUILDINGS RANGING FROM 20 TO 100 m IN LENGTH. •IN A CONVENTIONAL PRATT TRUSS, DIAGONAL ARE IN TENSION FOR GRAVITY LOADS.
O F T R U S S E S
PRATT TRUSS IN UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
WARREN TRUSS PRESENT IN STAIRCASE STRINGER
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
PRATT TRUSS ( GRAVITY EFFECTS) •THIS TYPE OF TRUSS IS USED WHERE THE GRAVITY LOADS ARE PREDOMINANT. •THIS TYPE OF TRUSS IS ALSO USED WHEN THE UPLIFT LOADS ARE ALSO PREDOMINANT.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
FLAT TRUSS ROOF CONSTRUCTION
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
SCISSOR TRUSS •
SCISSOR TRUSS IS A KIND OF TRUSS USED PRIMARILY IN BUILDINGS, IN WHICH BOTTOM CHORD CROSS EACH OTHER, CONNECTING TO THE ANGLED TOP CHORDS AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE ON THE TOP CHORD’S LENGTH, CREATING AN APPEARANCE SIMILAR TO AN OPENED PAIR OF SCISSORS. • SCISSOR ROOF TRUSS CAN PARTICULARLY BE FOUND IN CATHEDRALS. • ADVANTAGE : THE CEILING GETS VAULTED AND WE GET MORE SPACE IN THE ATTIC.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
CRESCENT TRUSS • • •
IN THIS TRUSS, THE UPPER CHORD AND THE DIAGONALS ARE IN COMPRESSION WHEREAS THE LOWER CHORDS AND THE RADIALS ARE IN TENSION COUNTER BRACES ARE REQUIRED TO RESIST THE WIND PRESSURE. This truss can be made of wood, the chords being built up of planks bent to the curve and firmly bolted together. The radials should be of wrought iron or steel rods.
T Y P E DISADVANTAGES : S 1. NOT AS SUCH FREQUENTLY USED.
CRESCENT TRUSS
O F T R U S S E S
2. 3.
NOT ECONOMICAL NOT USED FOR LARGE SPANS.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
Airbus Industrie hanger, Toulouse, • The Airbus production hall in Toulouse covers 200000 m2 of floor space and is 45 m high with a span of 117 m. It consists of 8 m deep lattice trusses composed of H sections. Compound column sections provide stability to the roof structure. The building is shown in Figure 2.5 during construction. Sliding doors create a 117 m 32 m opening in the end of the building. Two parallel rolling cranes are installed each of 50 m span and 20 tonnes lifting capacity.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
Industrial hall, Krimpen aan den Ijssel, T Y Netherlands P E • This production hall is 85 m in length, 40 m wide and 24 m high with full height doors at the end of the building, as shown in Figure 2.6. The roof S O F T R U S S E S
structure consists of an inclined truss. Because of the lack of bracing in the end walls, the structure was designed to be stabilised through the columns assisted by in-plane bracing in the roof and side walls.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
WARREN TRUSS
Scissors truss A scissors truss is a kind of truss used primarily in buildings, in which the bottom chord cross each other, connecting to the angled top chords at a point intermediate on the top chords' length, creating an appearance similar to an opened pair of scissors. Scissors trusses are used almost entirely in building construction to a pitched roof, where a sloping or raised ceiling surface is desired
Scissor trusses Scissor trusses are designed with a slope on the outside and inside. The bottom chords are angled to create vaulted ceilings. There are variations of this design to create numerous unique ceilings. Parallel chord trusses allow for greater interior clearance in buildings. The offset scissor truss has a bottom chord that features a flat and vaulted portion. The partial scissor truss is similar, except that the bottom chord slopes up in one direction while the remaining portion is flat.
Conventional scissors truss Conventional scissors trusses are hard to detail for high performance at the edge of the roof near the outside wall, because there’s only a small space for insulation, and any ceiling penetrations are close to the roof sheathing in a difficult area for workers to access. The author’s crews use a custom baffle made of one-inch rigid foam to help contain densepacked insulation.
Raised-Heel Scissors Truss
For a practical, highperformance solution, the author’s company devised a raisedheel scissors truss that’s detailed to work well with a
• Scissor trusses were commonly used in roof framing to accommodate interior vaulting, domes and coves, or whenever the center of the ceiling beneath was designed to rise higher than the wall plates of the building
• ST. PAUL’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH (1822), Windsor, Vermont. With a span of 50 ft. and a roof pitch of 6:12, St. Paul’s is a successful example of an American-style scissor truss used in a Neoclassical rather than a Gothic design.
The scissor chords foot their principal rafters and opposing principal rafters near the latter’s midpoints, the whole assisted only by a single kingpost. The scantling sizes are large: the scissor ties are 7x13, the principal rafters 9x11 and the kingposts 9x12.
The role of the kingpost in this scissor truss is fourfold:
With the flat pitch of the roof and low rise of the vault, the scissor beams are long and subject to sagging because of ceiling and self-weight, and possibly subject to compressive buckling. The kingpost, trapped and ed at the top by the principal rafters, is in tension, holding up both scissor chords where it intersects them near their midpoint.
The kingpost provides the basis for longitudinal bracing of the roof system, achieved by braces rising from the kingposts to a five-sided ridge.
Scissor Trusses in Saint Catherine's Church
BRIGHTON STATION, UK
CURVED STEEL ROOF TRUSSES The curved steel roof trusses are designed in such a way so that they can fit into each project without a problem. They can easily be cut in order to fit into any location or roof type, and the length of the roof isn’t a problem. Usually, these steel trusses are smaller than other materials, and they can be quite lightweight too, which means that moving the trusses from one place to another is a lot easier than expected.
CURVED TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES A great benefit brought by the curved timber roof trusses is that the wood definitely offers a lot of durability. This is very important for the trusses that do not have a normal shape, such as the curved ones. When it comes to pricing, the curved timber roof trusses can be a little more expensive than the curved steel roof trusses, it all depends on the materials used for the truss.
BENEFITS OF CURVED TRUSSES •
•
•
Ease of installation is crucial as well, because unlike many other trusses, these are easy to install and come with a highly reliable installation method. The pricing is also right here, because it’s not needed to pay a lot in order to have a different No high transportation costs, as the size and design makes them easy to move from one place to another.
BENEFITS OF STEEL TRUSSES OVER WOODEN
•
•
These curved wood roof trusses are harder to implement than the steel ones, and depending on the density of the wood used there, they can also be heavier. But this more than makes up for it when it comes to the natural look that the entire truss provides. Of course, aside from the looks, the curved wood roof trusses are designed with a lot of durability in mind. Both these and the metal ones need a professional to work with them, because the process of creating a truss is a little harder than expected, which means that a non-professional can easily do a bad job and that’s something that should definitely be avoided at all costs, which is crucial.
MOSCOW STADIUM Capacity
81,000 (60,000 with proposed extra platform for athletics)[1]
Record atten 102,538 ( dance Soviet Union –Italy, 13 October 1963) Field size
105 by 68 metres (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd)
Surface
SISGrass (Hybrid Grass)
AIRPORT VILLAGE, HYDERABAD
IGI AIRPORT , NEW DELHI
WHAT ARE TRUSSES ? •
IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING, A TRUSS IS A STRUCTURE WHICH COMPRISES OF ONE OR MORE TRIANGULAR UNITS MADE BY STRAIGHT ENDS ED AT POINTS CALLED NODES. EXTERNAL FORCES AND REACTIONS ONLY ACT AT NODES AND THE RESULT IN THE OF THE TRUSS WHICH ARE EITHER TENSION OR COMPRESSION.
O F T R U S S E S
QUEEN POST TRUSS
HOWE TRUSS NAMITA GUPTA HARSHIT SINGHAL HARSHI GARG
T Y P E • A TRUSS IS ESSENTIALLY A TRIANGULATED SYSTEM OF STRAIGHT INTERCONNECTED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. S
ROOF TRUSSES
•
O F T R U S S E S
THE MOST COMMON USE OF TRUSSES, WHERE TO ROOFS, THE FLOORS AND THE INTERNAL LOADING SUCH AS SERVICES AND SUSPENDED CEILINGS ARE READILY PROVIDED. • THE MAIN REASON FOR USING TRUSSES ARE: 1. LONG SPAN 2. LIGHTWEIGHT 3. CONTROLLED DEFLECTION 4. OPPURTUNITY TO CONSIDERABLE LOADS
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
DIFFERENT USES OF TRUSSES
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
FLAT TRUSS
T Y • A TRUSS WHICH HAS THE TOP CHORD PARALLEL TO THE BOTTOM CHORD P OVER THE WHOLE LENGTH OF THE TRUSS. E • THE MOST ECONOMICAL FLAT TRUSS FOR A ROOF IS PROVIDED WHEN THE DEPTH OF THE TRUSS IN INCHES IS EQUAL TO THE 7% OF THE SPAN S OF THE INCHES.
O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
TYPES OF FLAT TRUSS • • •
HOWE TRUSS PRATT TRUSS WARREN TRUSS
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
NATIONAL COMPOSITES CENTRE, BRISTOL •
WARREN TRUSS : ALSO CALLED AS EQUILATERAL TRUSS.
T Y P E S
NATIONAL COMPOSITES CENTRE, BRISTOL
O F T R U S S E S
•IN THIS TYPE OF TRUSS, DIAGONAL ARE ALTERNATIVELY IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION •THE WARREN TRUSS HAS EQUAL LENGTH COMPRESSION AND TENSION WEB , AND FEWER THAN A PRATT TRUSS. •FOR LARGER SPANS, THE MODIFIED WARREN TRUSS MAY BE ADOPTED WHERE ADDITIONAL RESTRAINT TTO THE INTERNAL IS REQUIRED ( THIS ALSO INCLUDES SECONDARY STRESS.
T Y P E S
UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER PRATT TRUSS : •PRATT TRUSS ARE USUALLY LONG SPAN BUILDINGS RANGING FROM 20 TO 100 m IN LENGTH. •IN A CONVENTIONAL PRATT TRUSS, DIAGONAL ARE IN TENSION FOR GRAVITY LOADS.
O F T R U S S E S
PRATT TRUSS IN UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
WARREN TRUSS PRESENT IN STAIRCASE STRINGER
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
PRATT TRUSS ( GRAVITY EFFECTS) •THIS TYPE OF TRUSS IS USED WHERE THE GRAVITY LOADS ARE PREDOMINANT. •THIS TYPE OF TRUSS IS ALSO USED WHEN THE UPLIFT LOADS ARE ALSO PREDOMINANT.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
FLAT TRUSS ROOF CONSTRUCTION
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
SCISSOR TRUSS •
SCISSOR TRUSS IS A KIND OF TRUSS USED PRIMARILY IN BUILDINGS, IN WHICH BOTTOM CHORD CROSS EACH OTHER, CONNECTING TO THE ANGLED TOP CHORDS AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE ON THE TOP CHORD’S LENGTH, CREATING AN APPEARANCE SIMILAR TO AN OPENED PAIR OF SCISSORS. • SCISSOR ROOF TRUSS CAN PARTICULARLY BE FOUND IN CATHEDRALS. • ADVANTAGE : THE CEILING GETS VAULTED AND WE GET MORE SPACE IN THE ATTIC.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
CRESCENT TRUSS • • •
IN THIS TRUSS, THE UPPER CHORD AND THE DIAGONALS ARE IN COMPRESSION WHEREAS THE LOWER CHORDS AND THE RADIALS ARE IN TENSION COUNTER BRACES ARE REQUIRED TO RESIST THE WIND PRESSURE. This truss can be made of wood, the chords being built up of planks bent to the curve and firmly bolted together. The radials should be of wrought iron or steel rods.
T Y P E DISADVANTAGES : S 1. NOT AS SUCH FREQUENTLY USED.
CRESCENT TRUSS
O F T R U S S E S
2. 3.
NOT ECONOMICAL NOT USED FOR LARGE SPANS.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
Airbus Industrie hanger, Toulouse, • The Airbus production hall in Toulouse covers 200000 m2 of floor space and is 45 m high with a span of 117 m. It consists of 8 m deep lattice trusses composed of H sections. Compound column sections provide stability to the roof structure. The building is shown in Figure 2.5 during construction. Sliding doors create a 117 m 32 m opening in the end of the building. Two parallel rolling cranes are installed each of 50 m span and 20 tonnes lifting capacity.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
Industrial hall, Krimpen aan den Ijssel, T Y Netherlands P E • This production hall is 85 m in length, 40 m wide and 24 m high with full height doors at the end of the building, as shown in Figure 2.6. The roof S O F T R U S S E S
structure consists of an inclined truss. Because of the lack of bracing in the end walls, the structure was designed to be stabilised through the columns assisted by in-plane bracing in the roof and side walls.
T Y P E S O F T R U S S E S
WARREN TRUSS
Scissors truss A scissors truss is a kind of truss used primarily in buildings, in which the bottom chord cross each other, connecting to the angled top chords at a point intermediate on the top chords' length, creating an appearance similar to an opened pair of scissors. Scissors trusses are used almost entirely in building construction to a pitched roof, where a sloping or raised ceiling surface is desired
Scissor trusses Scissor trusses are designed with a slope on the outside and inside. The bottom chords are angled to create vaulted ceilings. There are variations of this design to create numerous unique ceilings. Parallel chord trusses allow for greater interior clearance in buildings. The offset scissor truss has a bottom chord that features a flat and vaulted portion. The partial scissor truss is similar, except that the bottom chord slopes up in one direction while the remaining portion is flat.
Conventional scissors truss Conventional scissors trusses are hard to detail for high performance at the edge of the roof near the outside wall, because there’s only a small space for insulation, and any ceiling penetrations are close to the roof sheathing in a difficult area for workers to access. The author’s crews use a custom baffle made of one-inch rigid foam to help contain densepacked insulation.
Raised-Heel Scissors Truss
For a practical, highperformance solution, the author’s company devised a raisedheel scissors truss that’s detailed to work well with a
• Scissor trusses were commonly used in roof framing to accommodate interior vaulting, domes and coves, or whenever the center of the ceiling beneath was designed to rise higher than the wall plates of the building
• ST. PAUL’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH (1822), Windsor, Vermont. With a span of 50 ft. and a roof pitch of 6:12, St. Paul’s is a successful example of an American-style scissor truss used in a Neoclassical rather than a Gothic design.
The scissor chords foot their principal rafters and opposing principal rafters near the latter’s midpoints, the whole assisted only by a single kingpost. The scantling sizes are large: the scissor ties are 7x13, the principal rafters 9x11 and the kingposts 9x12.
The role of the kingpost in this scissor truss is fourfold:
With the flat pitch of the roof and low rise of the vault, the scissor beams are long and subject to sagging because of ceiling and self-weight, and possibly subject to compressive buckling. The kingpost, trapped and ed at the top by the principal rafters, is in tension, holding up both scissor chords where it intersects them near their midpoint.
The kingpost provides the basis for longitudinal bracing of the roof system, achieved by braces rising from the kingposts to a five-sided ridge.
Scissor Trusses in Saint Catherine's Church
BRIGHTON STATION, UK
CURVED STEEL ROOF TRUSSES The curved steel roof trusses are designed in such a way so that they can fit into each project without a problem. They can easily be cut in order to fit into any location or roof type, and the length of the roof isn’t a problem. Usually, these steel trusses are smaller than other materials, and they can be quite lightweight too, which means that moving the trusses from one place to another is a lot easier than expected.
CURVED TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES A great benefit brought by the curved timber roof trusses is that the wood definitely offers a lot of durability. This is very important for the trusses that do not have a normal shape, such as the curved ones. When it comes to pricing, the curved timber roof trusses can be a little more expensive than the curved steel roof trusses, it all depends on the materials used for the truss.
BENEFITS OF CURVED TRUSSES •
•
•
Ease of installation is crucial as well, because unlike many other trusses, these are easy to install and come with a highly reliable installation method. The pricing is also right here, because it’s not needed to pay a lot in order to have a different No high transportation costs, as the size and design makes them easy to move from one place to another.
BENEFITS OF STEEL TRUSSES OVER WOODEN
•
•
These curved wood roof trusses are harder to implement than the steel ones, and depending on the density of the wood used there, they can also be heavier. But this more than makes up for it when it comes to the natural look that the entire truss provides. Of course, aside from the looks, the curved wood roof trusses are designed with a lot of durability in mind. Both these and the metal ones need a professional to work with them, because the process of creating a truss is a little harder than expected, which means that a non-professional can easily do a bad job and that’s something that should definitely be avoided at all costs, which is crucial.
MOSCOW STADIUM Capacity
81,000 (60,000 with proposed extra platform for athletics)[1]
Record atten 102,538 ( dance Soviet Union –Italy, 13 October 1963) Field size
105 by 68 metres (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd)
Surface
SISGrass (Hybrid Grass)
AIRPORT VILLAGE, HYDERABAD
IGI AIRPORT , NEW DELHI
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