Raster Scan System And Random Scan System x232
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Raster Scan Systems
Raster Scan Systems
In addition to the central processing unit (U), a special processor, called the video controller or display controller, is used to control the operation of the display device. U
System Memory
System Bus I/O Devices
Video Controller
Monitor
Video Controller
A fixed area of the system memory is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory.
Video Controller
Frame buffer location, and the corresponding screen positions, are referenced in Cartesian coordinates. y
x
Video Controller
Scan lines are then labeled from ymax at the top of the screen to 0 at the bottom. Along each scan line, screen pixel positions are labeled from 0 to xmax. y
y max y max
Line Scan Line Scan
x max
x max
x
Video Controller
Two s are used to store the coordinates of the screen pixels. Raster Scan Generator
x
y
The Basic refresh operation of the video controller.
Memory Address
Frame Buffer
Pixel
Video Controller Some of operations can be performed by the Video Controller: Refreshing operation.
Video controller can retrieve pixel intensities from different areas on different refresh cycles. Example:Two frame buffers are often provided so that one buffer used for refreshing other is filled with intensity values.two buffers can swithch roles used in real time animations.
Transformation (Areas of the screen can be enlarged, reduces, or moved during the refresh cycles) some systems are designed to allow the video controller to mix the frame buffer image with input image from television camera or other input device.
Raster Scan Display Processor
Raster Scan Display Processor
A raster system containing a separate display processor (graphics controller, display coprocessor) The purpose of the DP is to free the U from the graphics chores.
Architecture of a raster graphics system with display processor Display Processor Memory
U
Frame buffer
Display Processor
System Bus I/O Devices
Video Controller
System Memory
Monitor
DP A major task of the display processor is Scan Conversion. Scan Conversion: is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel intensity values for storage in the frame buffer.( scan conversion straight line segment, Character )
Scan converting a straight line segment for example, means that we have to locate the pixel position closest to the line path and store the intensity for each position in the frame buffer. Characters can be defined
Display Processor Generation various line styles (dashed, dotted, or solid)
Displaying color areas
Performing certain transformation and manipulation on display objects.
In effort to reduce memory requirement in raster system,methods have been devised for organizing the frame buffer as linked list and decoding the intensity information.
One way to do this is to store each scan line as a set of integer pairs
One number of each pair indicates an intensity value and the second number specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have same intensity.(run length encoding)
Random Scan Systems
Random Scan System
An application program as input and stored in the system memory along with a graphic package. Graphic commands in the application program are translated by the graphics package into a display file stored in the system memory. This file is then accessed by the display processor unit (DPU)(graphic controller) to refresh the screen.
Random-Scan Systems
U
System Memory
System Bus I/O Devices
Display Processor
Monitor
Raster Scan Systems
In addition to the central processing unit (U), a special processor, called the video controller or display controller, is used to control the operation of the display device. U
System Memory
System Bus I/O Devices
Video Controller
Monitor
Video Controller
A fixed area of the system memory is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory.
Video Controller
Frame buffer location, and the corresponding screen positions, are referenced in Cartesian coordinates. y
x
Video Controller
Scan lines are then labeled from ymax at the top of the screen to 0 at the bottom. Along each scan line, screen pixel positions are labeled from 0 to xmax. y
y max y max
Line Scan Line Scan
x max
x max
x
Video Controller
Two s are used to store the coordinates of the screen pixels. Raster Scan Generator
x
y
The Basic refresh operation of the video controller.
Memory Address
Frame Buffer
Pixel
Video Controller Some of operations can be performed by the Video Controller: Refreshing operation.
Video controller can retrieve pixel intensities from different areas on different refresh cycles. Example:Two frame buffers are often provided so that one buffer used for refreshing other is filled with intensity values.two buffers can swithch roles used in real time animations.
Transformation (Areas of the screen can be enlarged, reduces, or moved during the refresh cycles) some systems are designed to allow the video controller to mix the frame buffer image with input image from television camera or other input device.
Raster Scan Display Processor
Raster Scan Display Processor
A raster system containing a separate display processor (graphics controller, display coprocessor) The purpose of the DP is to free the U from the graphics chores.
Architecture of a raster graphics system with display processor Display Processor Memory
U
Frame buffer
Display Processor
System Bus I/O Devices
Video Controller
System Memory
Monitor
DP A major task of the display processor is Scan Conversion. Scan Conversion: is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel intensity values for storage in the frame buffer.( scan conversion straight line segment, Character )
Scan converting a straight line segment for example, means that we have to locate the pixel position closest to the line path and store the intensity for each position in the frame buffer. Characters can be defined
Display Processor Generation various line styles (dashed, dotted, or solid)
Displaying color areas
Performing certain transformation and manipulation on display objects.
In effort to reduce memory requirement in raster system,methods have been devised for organizing the frame buffer as linked list and decoding the intensity information.
One way to do this is to store each scan line as a set of integer pairs
One number of each pair indicates an intensity value and the second number specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have same intensity.(run length encoding)
Random Scan Systems
Random Scan System
An application program as input and stored in the system memory along with a graphic package. Graphic commands in the application program are translated by the graphics package into a display file stored in the system memory. This file is then accessed by the display processor unit (DPU)(graphic controller) to refresh the screen.
Random-Scan Systems
U
System Memory
System Bus I/O Devices
Display Processor
Monitor
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